The relationship between the home environment and children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour at home

Increasing children’s physical activity (PA) and reducing their sedentary behaviour are considered important preventative measures for obesity and several other health risk factors in children. Given children spend significant time at home, an improved understanding of these behaviours in the home environment would provide invaluable insight for interventions. Therefore, the overarching aim of this thesis was to provide new insight into how the home environment is related to children’s home-based PA and sedentary behaviour. Study 1 investigated the relationship between sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (≥60 min·day–1) and excessive screen-time (≥2 h·day–1) with lifestyle factors in children, and found they were associated with healthy and unhealthy factors, respectively. This study highlighted the importance of meeting PA and screen-time recommendations in relation to important health-related lifestyle factors, which is of concern, as few children were shown to meet such recommendations. Identifying the correlates of children’s behaviours is an important stage in intervention development, therefore studies 2-5 focussed on improving understanding of children’s PA and sedentary behaviour at home. Study 2 demonstrated the validity and reliability of HomeSPACE-II, a novel instrument for measuring physical factors that influence children’s home-based PA and sedentary behaviour. Using HomeSPACE-II, study 3 showed that the physical home environment is related to children’s home-based PA and sedentary behaviour. Given the established influence of social and individual factors on children’s behaviour and their confounding effects in study 3, study 4 investigated the influence of social and individual factors on: (i) children’s home-based PA and sedentary behaviour, and; (ii) the home physical environment. Study 4 revealed that parental and child activity preferences and priorities, as well as parental rules were associated with children’s home-based PA and sedentary behaviour and the physical home environment. Study 5 found clusters of social and physical factors at home, which were associated with children’s home-based PA and sedentary behaviour as well as background characteristics in the expected directions

2,6-Diacetylpyridine-resorcinol (1/1)

The title co-crystal, C9H9NO2·C6H6O2, is composed of one 2,6-diacetylpyridine molecule and one resorcinol molecule as the asymmetric unit. In the 2,6-diacetylpyridine molecule, the two carbonyl groups are antiperiplanar to the pyridine N atom. In the crystal, the 2,6-diacetylpyridine and resorcinol molecules are connected by two O-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming planar chains of alternating components running along [120]

Schizophrenia succeeded by affective illness: catamnestic study and statistical enquiry

On the basis of data derived from a long-term follow-up of 12 cases and a 2-year follow-up of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia it is suggested that some patients with remitting schizophrenic illnesses can subsequently present clear-cut affective disorders. The implications of these findings are discusse

1′,5-Dinitro-2′-phenyl-2′,3′,5′,6′,7′,7a’-hexa­hydro­spiro­[indoline-3,3′-1′H-pyrrolizin]-2-one

In the title cyclo­adduct, C20H18N4O5, the rings of the pyrrolizine system adopt envelope conformations. A centrosymmetric dimer is formed via inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the indolinone rings

(Biphenyl-2-yl)bromidobis(2-methyl­tetra­hydro­furan-κO)magnesium(II)

In the title Grignard reagent, [MgBr(C12H9)(C5H10O)2], the Mg centre adopts a distorted tetra­hedral MgCO2Br arrangement. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings of the biphenyl residue is 44.00 (14)°. Each mol­ecule incorporates one R- and one S-configured 2-methyl­tetra­hydro­furan mol­ecule

4-[Bis(3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)meth­yl]benzene-1,2-diol

The title compound, C25H20N4O2, is a ditopic ortho-hydro­quinone-based bis­(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligand. The dihedral angles between the planes of the pyrazole rings and their attached phenyl rings are 17.4 (3) and 5.9 (4)°. The pyrazole rings make a dihedral angle of 87.84 (16)°. One of the two hy­droxy groups forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the other hy­droxy group, whereas the second is involved in an inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. As a result of these inter­molecular hydrogen bonds, helical chains running along the b axis are formed

Bimetallic Pt(II)-bipyridyl-diacetylide/Ln(III) tris-diketonate adducts based on a combination of coordinate bonding and hydrogen bonding between the metal fragments: syntheses, structures and photophysical properties

The luminescent Pt(II) complex [Pt(4,4'-Bu-t(2)-bipy){CC-(5-pyrimidinyl)}(2)] (1) was prepared by coupling of [Pt(4,4'-Bu-t(2)-bipy)Cl-2] with 5-ethynyl-pyrimidine, and contains two pyrimidinyl units pendant from a Pt(H) bipyridyl diacetylide core; it shows luminescence at 520 nm which is typical of Pt(II) luminophores of this type. Reaction with [Ln(hfac)(3)(H2O)(2)] (hfac = anion of hexafluoroacetylacetone) affords as crystalline solids the compounds [1 center dot {Ln(hfac)(3)(H2O)}{Ln(hfac)(3)(H2O)(2)}] (Ln = Nd, Gd, Er, Yb), in which the {Ln(hfac)(3)(H2O)} unit is coordinated to one pyrimidine ring via an N atom, whereas the {Ln(hfac)(3)(H2O)(2)} unit is associated with two N atoms, one from each pyrimidine ring of 1, via N center dot center dot center dot HOH hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the coordinated water ligands on the lanthanide centre. Solution spectroscopic studies show that the luminescence of 1 is partly quenched on addition of [Ln(hfac)(3)(H2O)(2)] (Ln = Er, Nd) by formation of Pt(II)/Ln(III) adducts in which Pt(II)-> Ln(III) photoinduced energy-transfer occurs to the low-lying f-f levels of the Ln(Ill) centre. Significant quenching occurs with both Er(Ill) and Nd(III) because both have several f-f states which match well the (MLCT)-M-3 emission energy of 1. Time-resolved luminescence studies show that Pt(II)-Er(III) energy-transfer (7.0 x 10(7) M-1) is around three times faster than Pt(II)-> Nd(III) energy-transfer (approximate to 2 x 10(7) M-1) over the same distance because the luminescence spectrum of l overlaps better with the absorption spectrum of Er(111) than with Nd(III). In contrast Yb(111) causes no significant quenching of 1 because it has only a single f-f excited level which is a poor energy match for the Pt(II)-based excited state

μ-Bis(diphenyl­phosphan­yl)borato-κ2 P:P′-bis­[dicarbon­yl(η5-cyclo­penta­dien­yl)iron(II)] tetrachloridoferrate(III) chloro­form solvate

The title compound, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C24H22BP2)(CO)4][FeCl4]·CHCl3, is an oxidation product of CpFe(CO)2PPh2BH3. One pair of phenyl rings attached to the two different P atoms are almost parallel, as are the other pair [dihedral angles = 8.7 (5) and 8.9 (5)°]. The planes of the two cyclo­penta­dienyl rings are inclined by 26.8 (7)° with respect to each other. The carbonyl groups at each Fe atom are almost perpendicular [C—Fe—C = 92.6 (6) and 94.3 (5)°]

Amiloride hydro­chloride methanol disolvate

In the crystal of the title compound [systematic name: 2-(3,5-diamino-6-chloro­pyrazin-2-ylcarbon­yl)guanidinium chloride methanol disolvate], C6H9ClN7O+·Cl−·2CH3OH , the components are connected by N—H⋯N, N—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the guanidine residue is 6.0 (2)°

(5S,6R)-6-Bromo-6-methyl-5-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetra­hydro-2H-cyclo­penta­[b]pyran-7-one

The title compound, C15H15BrO2, was synthesized by a Brønsted acid-catalysed domino electrocyclization-halogenation reaction. The five-membered ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.006 Å) and forms a dihedral angle of 72.7 (3)° with the attached phenyl ring. The six-membered heterocycle adopts a half-chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by a C—H⋯O contact