Manson's schistosomiasis in the undernourished mouse: some recent findings

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2018-04-26T12:23:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Manson’s schistosomiasis in the undernourished.pdf: 1556667 bytes, checksum: 3887437dbe7356e646eeca70f54537fa (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2018-04-26T12:34:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Manson’s schistosomiasis in the undernourished.pdf: 1556667 bytes, checksum: 3887437dbe7356e646eeca70f54537fa (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T12:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manson’s schistosomiasis in the undernourished.pdf: 1556667 bytes, checksum: 3887437dbe7356e646eeca70f54537fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular. Recife, PE, Brasil.This paper deals with current knowledge of the interrelationships between Schistosoma infection and malnutrition. It emphasizes the relevance of these investigations in the face of dynamic and evolving changes occurring in population diets and changes in the epidemiological patterns of schistosomiasis in endemic countries. The paper further discusses the basis for continuing the studies on this subject and the reasons why it represents a misunderstood association. This review also focuses on the cellular and humoral immune responses in the undernourished mouse model infected with Schistosoma mansoni, with updated information on the immune response in wild-type and iNOS knockout mice concerning soluble egg antigen specific antibodies and kinetics of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 cytokines, in the chronic phase of Manson's schistosomiasis. There is indication that schistosome-infected undernourished mice are able to develop a humoral immune response, but antibody titres are much lower than in the control animals. Cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10) is lower in the undernourished mice, but as infection progresses to the chronic phase its kinetics run an antagonistic course when compared to that of well-nourished animals. Marked variation in the secretion of IL-13 (a fibrogenic cytokine) could explain why undernourished mice do not develop liver "pipe-stem" fibrosis described in previous papers on well-nourished animals

Manson’s schistosomiasis in the undernourished mouse: some recent findings

This paper deals with current knowledge of the interrelationships between Schistosoma infection and malnutrition. It emphasizes the relevance of these investigations in the face of dynamic and evolving changes occurring in population diets and changes in the epidemiological patterns of schistosomiasis in endemic countries. The paper further discusses the basis for continuing the studies on this subject and the reasons why it represents a misunderstood association. This review also focuses on the cellular and humoral immune responses in the undernourished mouse model infected with Schistosoma mansoni , with updated information on the immune response in wild-type and iNOS knockout mice concerning soluble egg antigen specific antibodies and kinetics of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 cytokines, in the chronic phase of Manson’s schistosomiasis. There is indication that schistosome-infected undernourished mice are able to develop a humoral immune response, but antibody titres are much lower than in the control animals. Cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10) is lower in the undernourished mice, but as infection progresses to the chronic phase its kinetics run an antagonistic course when compared to that of well-nourished animals. Marked variation in the secretion of IL-13 (a fibrogenic cytokine) could explain why undernourished mice do not develop liver “pipe-stem” fibrosis described in previous papers on well-nourished animals

Estrogen and Its Receptors in Efferent Ductules and Epididymis

Estrogens play key roles in the development and maintenance of male reproductive function and fertility. in this review, we briefly describe the localization and function of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 (also known as ER alpha and ER beta, respectively) and the expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER, formerly known as GPR30) in efferent ductules and epididymis. the efferent ductules present the highest levels of ESR1 and ESR2 in the male reproductive system, and represent a major target of estrogen action. in efferent ductules, ESR1 has a crucial role in the regulation of fluid reabsorption, and in the epididymis the receptor helps to maintain fluid osmolality and pH. ESR1 expression in the epididymal epithelium shows considerable variation among species, but differences in laboratory techniques may also contribute to this variation. Here we report that Esr1 mRNA and protein are higher in corpus than in other regions of the rat epididymis. the mRNA level for Gper was also higher in corpus. Although ESR1 is expressed constitutively in efferent ductules and down-regulated by estrogen, in the epididymis, both testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) may regulate its expression. T and E2 are, respectively, higher and lower in the corpus than in the initial segment/caput and cauda regions. It is important to determine the expression of GPER, ESR1, androgen receptor, and their respective cofactors in specific cell types of this tissue, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways involved in efferent ductules and epididymis. These studies will help to explain the consequences of exposures to environmental endocrine disruptors and provide potential targets for the development of a male contraceptive.Univ Illinois, Dept Comparat Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sect Expt Endocrinol, Dept Pharmacol, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Morphol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sect Expt Endocrinol, Dept Pharmacol, Escola Paulista Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

EFFECT OF AERATION AND RECIRCULATION IN THE REMOVAL OF NITROGEN AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND FROM SANITARY SEWAGE IN A STRUCTURED BED REACTOR

<div><p>ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate a structured bed reactor with intermittent aeration in the simultaneous removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Nitrogen (TN) from sanitary sewage. The reactor was operated for 339 days with a Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12 hours, temperature of 30 ± 1°C and continuous feeding. Nine trials were carried out in which three different effluent recirculation flow (Qr), 3, 2 and 1 time the incoming flow, were evaluated in three different aeration times, of 1h, 2h, and 3h, in 3 hour cycles. The results showed that different recirculation flows and aeration times did not influence the removal of COD, which reached 89%±12. It was observed that the efficiency of TN removal was higher in the tests with higher COD/TKN ratio, between 7.2 and 7.8, reaching TN effluent values of 17 mg.L-1, being 5 mg.L-1 of N-NH4+, 2 mg.L-1 of N-NO2 and 10 mg.L-1 of N-NO3-. It was verified that it is possible to remove the COD and nitrogen from sanitary sewage in a structured bed reactor with intermittent aeration.</p></div

Chemotherapeutic effects on larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni during infection and re-infection of mice Efeitos da quimioterapia nos estágios larvais do Schistosoma mansoni durante infecção e re-infecção de camundongos

The sensitivity of the larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni to chemotherapy with praziquantel and oxamniquine was tested in mice during primary and secondary infections and after different intervals from cercarial exposure. Worm recovery by perfusion of the porto-mesenteric system, followed by counting and a morphometric study of the parasite, allowed the conclusion that the relative resistance of the larval stages of S. mansoni to schistosomicide drugs, demonstrated in primary infections, also persists when the host is already infected. This indicates that a therapeutic failure may result when an infected host is treated some time after being re-infected, because of the presence of migrating, drug-resistant, immature forms of the parasite.<br>A susceptibilidade dos estágios larvais do Schistosoma mansoni aos esquistossomicidas praziquantel e oxamniquine foi testada em camundongos durante infecção primária ou secundária, e após diferentes intervalos de tempo após a exposição cercariana. A avaliação foi feita pela contagem dos vermes após recuperação destes por perfusão do sistema porto-mesentérico e pelo estudo morfométrico dos mesmos. O estudo revelou que a relativa resistência das formas larvais aos esquistossomicidas, já demonstrada em infecção primária, persiste no caso de hospedeiros já infectados. Este fato indica que uma falha terapêutica pode resultar quando o tratamento é feito em hospedeiros re-infectados recentemente, em virtude dos mesmos apresentarem formas migrantes e imaturas do parasita, as quais são particularmente resistentes aos esquistossomicidas