5 research outputs found
Adipose tissue-derived WNT5A regulates vascular redox signaling in obesity via USP17//RAC1-mediated activation of NADPH oxidases
Obesity is associated with changes in the secretome of adipose tissue (AT), which affects the vasculature through endocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Wingless-related integration site 5A (WNT5A) and secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), adipokines that regulate noncanonical Wnt signaling, are dysregulated in obesity. We hypothesized that WNT5A released from AT exerts endocrine and paracrine effects on the arterial wall through noncanonical RAC1-mediated Wnt signaling. In a cohort of 1004 humans with atherosclerosis, obesity was associated with increased WNT5A bioavailability in the circulation and the AT, higher expression of WNT5A receptors Frizzled 2 and Frizzled 5 in the human arterial wall, and increased vascular oxidative stress due to activation of NADPH oxidases. Plasma concentration of WNT5A was elevated in patients with coronary artery disease compared to matched controls and was independently associated with calcified coronary plaque progression. We further demonstrated that WNT5A induces arterial oxidative stress and redox-sensitive migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via Frizzled 2–mediated activation of a previously uncharacterized pathway involving the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17) and the GTPase RAC1. Our study identifies WNT5A and its downstream vascular signaling as a link between obesity and vascular disease pathogenesis, with translational implications in humans
Biochemical Comparison of Commercial Selenium Yeast Preparations
The trace mineral selenium (Se) is an essential element
for human and animal nutrition. The addition of Se to the
diet through dietary supplements or fortified food/feed is increasingly
common owing to the often sub-optimal content of
standard diets ofmany countries. Se supplements commercially
available include the inorganic mineral salts such as sodium
selenite or selenate, and organic forms such as Se-enriched
yeast. Today, Se yeast is produced by several manufacturers
and has become the most widely used source of Se for human
supplementation and is also widely employed in animal nutrition
where approval in all species has been granted by regulatory
bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority
(EFSA). Characterisation and comparison of Se-enriched
yeast products has traditionally been made by quantifying
total selenomethionine (SeMet) content. A disadvantage of
this approach, however, is that it does not consider the effects
of Se deposition on subsequent digestive availability. In this
study, an assessment wasmade of the water-soluble extracts of
commercially available Se-enriched yeast samples for free,
peptide-bound and total water-soluble SeMet. Using LCMS/
MS, a total of 62 Se-containing proteins were identified
across four Se yeast products, displaying quantitative/
qualitative changes in abundance relative to the certified reference
material, SELM-1 (P value <0.05; fold change ≥2).
Overall, the study indicates that significant differences exist
between Se yeast products in terms of SeMet content, Secontaining protein abundance and associated metabolic
pathways
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Yeast Cell Wall Products Influence the Serum Proteome Composition of Broiler Chickens
With an ever-growing market and continual financial pressures associated with the prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters, the poultry industry has had to rapidly develop non-antibiotic alternatives to increase production yields. A possible alternative is yeast and its derivatives, such as the yeast cell wall (YCW), which have been proposed to confer selected beneficial effects on the host animal. Here, the effect of YCW supplementation on the broiler chicken was investigated using a quantitative proteomic strategy, whereby serum was obtained from three groups of broilers fed with distinct YCW-based Gut Health Products (GHP) or a control basal diet. Development of a novel reagent enabled application of ProteoMiner™ technology for sample preparation and subsequent comparative quantitative proteomic analysis revealed proteins which showed a significant change in abundance (n = 167 individual proteins; p n = 52) in, or absent (n = 37) from, GHP-fed treatment groups versus controls. An average of 7.1% of proteins showed changes in abundance with GHP supplementation. Several effects of these GHPs including immunostimulation (via elevated complement protein detection), potential alterations in the oxidative status of the animal (e.g., glutathione peroxidase and catalase), stimulation of metabolic processes (e.g., differential abundance of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), as well as evidence of a possible hepatoprotective effect (attenuated levels of serum α-glutathione s-transferase) by one GHP feed supplement, were observed. It is proposed that specific protein detection may be indicative of GHP efficacy to stimulate broiler immune status, i.e., may be biomarkers of GHP efficacy. In summary, this work has developed a novel technology for the preparation of high dynamic range proteomic samples for LC-MS/MS analysis, is part of the growing area of livestock proteomics and, importantly, provides evidential support for beneficial effects that GHP supplementation has on the broiler chicken
Adipose tissue-derived WNT5A regulates vascular redox signaling in obesity via USP17/RAC1-mediated activation of NADPH oxidases
Obesity is associated with changes in the secretome of adipose tissue
(AT), which affects the vasculature through endocrine and paracrine
mechanisms. Wingless-related integration site 5A (WNT5A) and secreted
frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), adipokines that regulate
noncanonical Wnt signaling, are dysregulated in obesity. We hypothesized
that WNT5A released from AT exerts endocrine and paracrine effects on
the arterial wall through noncanonical RAC1-mediated Wnt signaling. In a
cohort of 1004 humans with atherosclerosis, obesity was associated with
increased WNT5A bioavailability in the circulation and the AT, higher
expression of WNT5A receptors Frizzled 2 and Frizzled 5 in the human
arterial wall, and increased vascular oxidative stress due to activation
of NADPH oxidases. Plasma concentration of WNT5A was elevated in
patients with coronary artery disease compared to matched controls and
was independently associated with calcified coronary plaque progression.
We further demonstrated that WNT5A induces arterial oxidative stress and
redox-sensitive migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via Frizzled
2-mediated activation of a previously uncharacterized pathway involving
the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17) and
the GTPase RAC1. Our study identifies WNT5A and its downstream vascular
signaling as a link between obesity and vascular disease pathogenesis,
with translational implications in humans
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
Altres ajuts: Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC); Illumina; LifeArc; Medical Research Council (MRC); UKRI; Sepsis Research (the Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust); the Intensive Care Society, Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (223164/Z/21/Z); BBSRC Institute Program Support Grant to the Roslin Institute (BBS/E/D/20002172, BBS/E/D/10002070, BBS/E/D/30002275); UKRI grants (MC_PC_20004, MC_PC_19025, MC_PC_1905, MRNO2995X/1); UK Research and Innovation (MC_PC_20029); the Wellcome PhD training fellowship for clinicians (204979/Z/16/Z); the Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track (ECAT) programme; the National Institute for Health Research, the Wellcome Trust; the MRC; Cancer Research UK; the DHSC; NHS England; the Smilow family; the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (CTSA award number UL1TR001878); the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; National Institute on Aging (NIA U01AG009740); the National Institute on Aging (RC2 AG036495, RC4 AG039029); the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health; NCI; NHGRI; NHLBI; NIDA; NIMH; NINDS.Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care or hospitalization after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes-including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)-in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease