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Spinal Progenitor-Laden Bridges Support Earlier Axon Regeneration Following Spinal Cord Injury.
Impact statementSpinal cord injury (SCI) results in loss of tissue innervation below the injury. Spinal progenitors have a greater ability to repair the damage and can be injected into the injury, but their regenerative potential is hampered by their poor survival after transplantation. Biomaterials can create a cell delivery platform and generate a more hospitable microenvironment for the progenitors within the injury. In this work, polymeric bridges are used to deliver embryonic spinal progenitors to the injury, resulting in increased progenitor survival and subsequent regeneration and functional recovery, thus demonstrating the importance of combined therapeutic approaches for SCI
Cosmic ray tables - Asymptotic directions, variational coefficients and cut-off rigidities IQSY instruction manual no. 10
Cosmic ray deflections in geomagnetic field, variational coefficients, and diurnal intensity variations - table
An Improved Model for Relativistic Solar Proton Acceleration applied to the 2005 January 20 and Earlier Events
This paper presents results on modelling the ground level response of the
higher energy protons for the 2005 January 20 ground level enhancement (GLE).
This event, known as GLE 69, produced the highest intensity of relativistic
solar particles since the famous event on 1956 February 23. The location of
recent X-ray and gamma-ray emission (N14 W61) was near to Sun-Earth connecting
magnetic field lines, thus providing the opportunity to directly observe the
acceleration source from Earth. We restrict our analysis to protons of energy
greater than 450 MeV to avoid complications arising from transport processes
that can affect the propagation of low energy protons. In light of this revised
approach we have reinvestigated two previous GLEs: those of 2000 July 14 (GLE
59) and 2001 April 15 (GLE 60). Within the limitations of the spectral forms
employed, we find that from the peak (06:55 UT) to the decline (07:30 UT)
phases of GLE 69, neutron monitor observations from 450 MeV to 10 GeV are best
fitted by the Gallegos-Cruz & Perez-Peraza stochastic acceleration model. In
contrast, the Ellison & Ramaty spectra did not fit the neutron monitor
observations as well. This result suggests that for GLE 69, a stochastic
process cannot be discounted as a mechanism for relativistic particle
acceleration, particularly during the initial stages of this solar event. For
GLE 59 we find evidence that more than one acceleration mechanism was present,
consistent with both shock and stochastic acceleration processes dominating at
different times of the event. For GLE 60 we find that Ellison & Ramaty spectra
better represent the neutron monitor observations compared to stochastic
acceleration spectra. The results for GLEs 59 and 60 are in agreement with our
previous work.Comment: 42 pages, 10 figures, 10 tables, published in ApJ, August 200
Fear Learning Regulates Cortical Sensory Representations by Suppressing Habituation
Projections from auditory cortex to the amygdala are thought to contribute to the induction of auditory fear learning. In addition, fear conditioning has been found to enhance cortical responses to conditioned tones, suggesting that cortical plasticity contributes to fear learning. However, the functional role of auditory cortex in the retrieval of fear memories is unclear and how fear learning regulates cortical sensory representations is not well understood. To address these questions, we use acute optogenetic silencing and chronic two-photon calcium imaging in mouse auditory cortex during fear learning. Longitudinal imaging of neuronal ensemble activity reveals that discriminative fear learning modulates cortical sensory representations via the suppression of cortical habituation
Future challenges in cephalopod research
We thank Anto´nio M. de Frias Martins, past President of the Unitas Malacologica and Peter Marko, President of the American Malacological Society for organizing the 2013 World Congress of Malacology, and the Cephalopod International Advisory Committee for endorsing a symposium held in honour of Malcolm R. Clarke. In particular, we would like to thank the many professional staff from the University of the Azores for their hospitality, organization, troubleshooting and warm welcome to the Azores. We also thank Malcolm Clarke’s widow, Dorothy, his daughter Zoe¨, Jose´ N. Gomes-Pereira and numerous colleagues and friends of Malcolm’s from around the world for joining us at Ponta Delgada. We are grateful to Lyndsey Claro (Princeton University Press) for granting copyright permissions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Timescales of spike-train correlation for neural oscillators with common drive
We examine the effect of the phase-resetting curve (PRC) on the transfer of
correlated input signals into correlated output spikes in a class of neural
models receiving noisy, super-threshold stimulation. We use linear response
theory to approximate the spike correlation coefficient in terms of moments of
the associated exit time problem, and contrast the results for Type I vs. Type
II models and across the different timescales over which spike correlations can
be assessed. We find that, on long timescales, Type I oscillators transfer
correlations much more efficiently than Type II oscillators. On short
timescales this trend reverses, with the relative efficiency switching at a
timescale that depends on the mean and standard deviation of input currents.
This switch occurs over timescales that could be exploited by downstream
circuits
Cellular Arrays (US Patent Application)
The present invention relates to characterizing transcription within cells. In particular, the present invention provides transfected cell arrays (e.g., two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional arrays) and systems, kits and methods utilizing the same (e.g., for transcriptional activity characterization). Compositions and methods of the present invention find use in, among other things, research, drug discovery and clinical (e.g., diagnostic, preventative and therapeutic) applications
Efficacy of Work-Related Training for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Research suggests that traditional models of work-related training, in addition to a lack of on-the-job support, may exacerbate difficulties experienced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder with obtaining and maintaining employment
The poor employment outcomes experienced by individuals with ASD are well-documented throughout literature and have resulted in the need to examine more effective ways of providing support and work-related interventions.
Although research has investigated the efficacy of work-related training on successful employment outcomes when used with individuals with ASD, a systematic review summarizing this evidence has yet to be published. Therefore, this review examines and interprets current research evidence on the efficacy of work-related training for individuals
Theory of phase-locking in generalized hybrid Josephson junction arrays
A recently proposed scheme for the analytical treatment of the dynamics of
two-dimensional hybrid Josephson junction arrays is extended to a class of
generalized hybrid arrays with ''horizontal'' shunts involving a capacitive as
well as an inductive component. This class of arrays is of special interest,
because the internal cell coupling has been shown numerically to favor in-phase
synchronization for certain parameter values. As a result, we derive limits on
the circuit design parameters for realizing this state. In addition, we obtain
formulas for the flux-dependent frequency including flux-induced switching
processes between the in-phase and anti-phase oscillation regime. The treatment
covers unloaded arrays as well as arrays shunted via an external load.Comment: 24 pages, REVTeX, 5 Postscript figures, Subm. to Phys. Rev.
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