Effect of hypokinesia on cardiac contractile function and nervous regulation of the heart

Longterm hypokinesia caused cardiac deadaptation in rabbits, which resulted in the diminishing of the left ventricular rate of contraction and relaxation, joined later by decreased vascular resistance. As a results, the ejection rate as well as stroke volume and cardiac output were normal. The decrease of the relaxation speed was more obvious at a high heart rate and results in shortening of the diastolic pause and diminishing of cardiac output. Hearts of the hypokinetic animals were characterized by normal maximal pressure developed by a unit of muccardial mass aorta clamping, decreased adrenoreactivity, and increased cholinoreactivity. This complex of changes is contrary to changes observed in adaptation to exercise, but is similar to changes observed in compensatory hypertrophy of the heart

POLYFLUOROALKYL-2-(HET)ARYLHYDRAZONO-1,3-DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION REACTIONS

This work was financially supported by the Program UB RAS (Grant number 18-3-3-13)

Генетические механизмы распознавания бактерий рецепторами врожденного иммунитета крупного рогатого скота

The research identified a list of molecules involved in the mechanisms of innate immunity in cattle and the recognition of bacterial pathogens. The current list of molecular receptors has expanded to include TLR receptors and the recently defined NOD-like receptors (NLRs): NOD, NALP, NAIP, and IPAF. TLR molecules are designed to transmit a ligand-binding signal on the cell surface or endosome and activate specific molecules of bacterial origin in the cytosol, such as peptidoglycans, RNA, toxins and flagellins. The obtained data on the molecular structure of TLR and NLR receptors indicate their anti-inflammatory role, mediated by signals through nuclear transcription factor κB and activation of caspase-1 in the inflammasome. It has been shown that the role of immunosensors of extracellular and intracellular perception of bacteria in regulating inflammation is synergistic. Mutations in TLR and NOD receptors are associated with autoimmune inflammatory syndromes. This review examines the body's ways of recognising intracellular pathogens, describes the problem of their mimicry from the animal immune system, and the molecular mechanisms of such interactions. Variants of molecular interactions of innate immune receptors with peptidoglycans, bacterial DNA and toxins, cell wall compartments, and bacterial flagellin receptors are also considered. This study aimed to analyse the current understanding of the genetic and molecular structure of the immune response to bacterial environmental factors and the mechanisms and characteristics of the reaction of the animal body.В ходе исследований определен перечень молекул, вовлеченных в механизмы врожденного иммунитета крупного рогатого скота и распознавания бактериальных патогенов. Современный перечень молекулярных рецепторов расширился и теперь иммуносенсоры включают: рецепторы TLR, а также недавно определенные NOD-подобные рецепторы (NLR): NOD, NALP, NAIP и IPAF. Молекулы TLR предназначены для передачи сигнала связывания лиганда на поверхности клетки или эндосомы и активации в цитозоле специфичных молекул бактериального происхождения, таких как пептидогликаны, РНК, токсины и флагеллины. Полученные данные о молекулярной структуре рецепторов TLR и NLR указывают на их противовоспалительную роль, опосредованную сигналами через κB-фактор ядерной транскрипции и активацией в инфламмасоме каспазы-1. Показано, что роль в регуляции воспаления иммуносенсоров неклеточного и внутриклеточного восприятия бактерий синергетична. Мутации в TLR- и NOD-рецепторах связаны с аутоимунными воспалительными синдромами. В данном обзоре рассмотрены способы организма распознавать внутриклеточные патогены, описана проблема их мимикрии от иммунной системы животных, молекулярные механизмы таких взаимодействий. Рассмотрены также варианты молекулярных взаимодействий рецепторов врожденного иммунитета с пептидогликанами, бактериальной ДНК и токсинами, компартментами клеточных стенок, а также рецепторами бактериального флагеллина. Целью данного исследования был анализ современного понимания генетической и молекулярной структуры иммунного ответа на бактериальные факторы окружающей среды, а также анализ механизмов и особенностей реагирования организма животных

Prospects for the use of electric heaters with self-installing thermal contact based on nano-modified materials for aerospace engineering

The article presents the study of heat generation in the heating element, revealed the working temperature and the nature of the distribution of the temperature field. A method of experimental research has been developed that allows one to determine the thermophysical parameters and the distribution of the temperature field on the surface of the materials under study. It is established that the phase transition temperature is shifted by 2 ° C, and the measured thermal conductivity increased for modified heptadecane to a value of 0.3 W / m ° C. It was revealed that the use of a material with a phase transition provides the effect of a self-adjusting thermal contact. Improvement of thermal contact occurs within 20 seconds due to a phase transition in nano-modified heptadecane with its volume increasing by 2%. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Nanomodified heat-accumulating materials controlled by a magnetic field

The paper presents studies of nanomodified heat-accumulating materials controlled by a magnetic field. In order to obtain controlled heat-accumulating materials, synthetic motor oil CASTROL 0W30, ferromagnetic particles, CNTs and paraffin were used. Mechanically activated carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic particles were used for the nanomodification of paraffin. Mechanoactivation ensured the production of ferromagnetic particles with an average particle size of 5 μm. Using an extrusion plant, a mixture of CNTs and ferromagnetic particles was introduced into the paraffin. Further, the nanomodified paraffin in a granular form was introduced into synthetic oil. To conduct experimental studies, a contactless method for measuring temperature was used. The thermal contact control with the help of the obtained nanomodified material is possible with a magnetic induction of 1250 mT, and a heat flux of about 74 kW/m2 is provided at the same time. © 2017 Author(s)

Nanomodified heat-accumulating materials controlled by a magnetic field

The paper presents studies of nanomodified heat-accumulating materials controlled by a magnetic field. In order to obtain controlled heat-accumulating materials, synthetic motor oil CASTROL 0W30, ferromagnetic particles, CNTs and paraffin were used. Mechanically activated carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic particles were used for the nanomodification of paraffin. Mechanoactivation ensured the production of ferromagnetic particles with an average particle size of 5 μm. Using an extrusion plant, a mixture of CNTs and ferromagnetic particles was introduced into the paraffin. Further, the nanomodified paraffin in a granular form was introduced into synthetic oil. To conduct experimental studies, a contactless method for measuring temperature was used. The thermal contact control with the help of the obtained nanomodified material is possible with a magnetic induction of 1250 mT, and a heat flux of about 74 kW/m2 is provided at the same time. © 2017 Author(s)

Investigation of charge and discharge regimes of nanomodified heataccumulating materials

Charge/discharge regimes of nanomodified paraffins have been studied. The nanomodification of paraffin was carried out by using the "Taunit" series nanomaterials with different morphological parameters under ultrasonic treatment. Comparative studies of thermophysical parameters (thermal conductivity and heat capacity) have been conducted for the prepared samples. Under charge/discharge regimes, the effect of "tracking thermal contact" manifests. The thermal conductivity increases to 0.48, 0.42 and 0.36 W/m°C in case of CNM-MD, CNM-M and CNM, relative to the initial thermal conductivity of 0.25 w/m°C. It has been established that the extreme on the thermal dependency graph depends on heat capacity (57, 63 and 72 °C for CNM, CNM-M and CNM-MD correspondingly). Modification of paraffin with carbon nanotubes allows controlling the phase-transition parameters, which allows obtaining a variety of temperature dependencies of heat capacity, thermal conductivity and physical-mechanical characteristics by combining different ratios of the "Taunit" series nanotubes and physical influences such as thermal fields and ultrasound. The heat-accumulating materials prepared in such a way allow achieving optimized operation of the heat accumulator under different temperature regimes. © A. Schegolkov, A. Schegolkov, N. Karpus, V. Kovalenko, V. Kotok, 2017

Application of multilayer carbon nanotubes for creation of coatings absorbing electromagnetic radiation

The article presents the use of carbon nanotubes as modifiers-materials for protection against electromagnetic radiation. The technique of obtaining nanomodified composites, as well as the method of characterization of carbon nanostructures is presented. Studies have shown that there is a linear dependence of the reflection coefficient on the frequency for composites modified multilayer carbon nanotubes based on Ni/0.16 MgO catalyst. It was found that composites containing multilayer carbon nanotubes based on Ni/0.16 MgO allow to achieve low values of the reflection coefficient and non-dependence of the reflection coefficient on the increase in frequency. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Investigation of charge and discharge regimes of nanomodified heataccumulating materials

Charge/discharge regimes of nanomodified paraffins have been studied. The nanomodification of paraffin was carried out by using the "Taunit" series nanomaterials with different morphological parameters under ultrasonic treatment. Comparative studies of thermophysical parameters (thermal conductivity and heat capacity) have been conducted for the prepared samples. Under charge/discharge regimes, the effect of "tracking thermal contact" manifests. The thermal conductivity increases to 0.48, 0.42 and 0.36 W/m°C in case of CNM-MD, CNM-M and CNM, relative to the initial thermal conductivity of 0.25 w/m°C. It has been established that the extreme on the thermal dependency graph depends on heat capacity (57, 63 and 72 °C for CNM, CNM-M and CNM-MD correspondingly). Modification of paraffin with carbon nanotubes allows controlling the phase-transition parameters, which allows obtaining a variety of temperature dependencies of heat capacity, thermal conductivity and physical-mechanical characteristics by combining different ratios of the "Taunit" series nanotubes and physical influences such as thermal fields and ultrasound. The heat-accumulating materials prepared in such a way allow achieving optimized operation of the heat accumulator under different temperature regimes. © A. Schegolkov, A. Schegolkov, N. Karpus, V. Kovalenko, V. Kotok, 2017