A convenient synthesis and preparation of the derivatives of ethyl-6-(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)-3-methylpyridazine-4-carboxylate as antimicrobial agents

Synthesis of ethyl 6-(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)-3-methylpyridazin-4-carboxylate (4) via one-pot three component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate with (8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)(oxo) acetaldehyde (2) in the presence of hydrazine hydrate at room temperature in water was described. A new series of heterocyclic moieties such as oxadiazoles, triazoles, pyrazoles and Schiff bases were prepared and characterized. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental and spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of some of the synthesized compounds was examined against two Gram‐positive bacteria, two Gram‐negative bacteria and four fungi. The results showed that the tested compounds exhibited significant to moderate antimicrobial

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers in the evaluation of genetic polymorphism of Egyptian Capsicum L. hybrids

DNA samples of six hybrids of Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens were analyzed with ten inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers, which produced 52 polymorphic bands out of 87 bands with polymorphism average of 60%. ISSR patterns scored five distinguishable species-specific bands; two for C. frutescens and three for C. annuum and 16 unique bands for hybrids individually that were considered as molecular markers for Egyptian hybrids. The genetic dendrogram among the materials constructed by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average based on the Dice coefficient showed that the six hybrids can be separated into two groups with genetic distance at 0.25. The first cluster included hybrids of C. frutescens and the other grouped those of C. annuum indicating narrow genetic base among the tested hybrids in both species. This study revealed considerable genetic diversity in the different Capsicum hybrids for conservation of genetic resources and efficient crop breeding programs.Keywords: Capsicum, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), hybrids, genetic polymorphism, molecular markersAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(7), pp. 665-66

Assessment of genetic diversity of nine hybrid combinations of canola using SDS-PAGE, RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic variations of nine hybrid combinations of canola were determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker systems. The protein profile did not show any polymorphism. The RAPD and ISSR primers recorded a high degree of polymorphism among generations of the three canola hybrids. A  maximum of 48 DNA bands were detected as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products for the six RAPD primers from which 42 were polymorphic with mean polymorphism percentage of 82.6%. The four ISSR  primers produced 25 bands, of which 23 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphism using ISSR  primers ranged from 66.6 to 100.0% with an average of 85%. Using cluster analysis, the 9 canola generations  were categorized into single generation, F3 (P1 × P3) formed a separate operational taxonomic units (OTU) in cluster and one main cluster that was further divided into three sub clusters. The results show high variation within and among hybrids.Key words: Canola, generations, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), genetic diversity

Reliability and Safety Modeling of a Digital Feed Water Control System

Much digital instrumentation and control systems embedded in the critical medical healthcare equipment aerospace devices and nuclear industry have obvious consequence of different failure modes. These failures can affect the behavior of the overall safety critical digital system and its ability to deliver its dependability attributes if any defected area that could be a hardware component or software code embedded inside the digital system is not detected and repaired appropriately. The safety and reliability analysis of safety critical systems can be accomplished with Markov modeling techniques which could express the dynamic and regenerative behavior of the digital control system. Certain states in the system represent system failure while others represent fault free behavior or correct operation in the presence of faults. This paper presents the development of a safety and reliability modeling of a digital feedwater control system using Markov based chain models. All the Markov states and the transitions between these states were assumed and calculated from the control logic for the digital control system. Finally based on the simulation results of modeling the digital feedwater control system the system does meet its reliability requirement with the probability of being in fully operational states is 0.99 over a 6 months time.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, conferenc

Reliability and Safety Modeling of a Digital Feed-Water Control System

 إن الكثير من الأجهزة الرقمية وأنظمة التحكم المضمنة في معدات الرعاية الصحية الطبية الحيوية، وأجهزة الطيران، والصناعات النووية لها نتائج واضحة لأنماط الفشل المختلفة. يمكن أن تؤثر حالات الفشل هذه على سلوك النظام الرقمي الشامل للسلامة وقدرته على تقديم سمات الموثوقية الخاصة به إذا لم يتم الكشف عن أي منطقة معيبة يمكن أن تكون مكونًا من مكونات الأجهزة أو رمز البرنامج المضمّن داخل النظام الرقمي وإصلاحه بشكل مناسب. يمكن تحقيق تحليل السلامة والموثوقية للأنظمة الهامة للسلامة باستخدام تقنيات نمذجة ماركوف التي يمكن أن تعبر عن السلوك الديناميكي والتجديدي لنظام التحكم الرقمي. تمثل حالات معينة في النظام فشل النظام، بينما تمثل حالات أخرى سلوكًا خاليًا من الأخطاء أو عملية صحيحة في وجود أخطاء. تقدم هذه الورقة تطوير نمذجة السلامة والموثوقية لنظام التحكم الرقمي في مياه التغذية باستخدام نماذج السلسلة القائمة على ماركوف. تم افتراض جميع حالات ماركوف والتحولات بين هذه الحالات وحسابها من منطق التحكم لنظام التحكم الرقمي. أخيرًا ، استنادًا إلى نتائج المحاكاة لنمذجة نظام التحكم الرقمي في مياه التغذية ، فإن النظام يلبي متطلبات الموثوقية الخاصة به مع احتمال أن يكون في حالة التشغيل الكامل هو 0.99 على مدار 6 أشهر.Much digital instrumentation and control systems embedded in the critical medical healthcare equipment, aerospace devices, and nuclear industry have obvious consequence of different failure modes. These failures can affect the behavior of the overall safety-critical digital system and its ability to deliver its dependability attributes if any defected area that could be a hardware component or software code embedded inside the digital system is not detected and repaired appropriately. The safety and reliability analysis of safety-critical systems can be accomplished with Markov modeling techniques which could express the dynamic and regenerative behavior of the digital control system. Certain states in the system represent system failure, while others represent fault free behavior or correct operation in the presence of faults. This paper presents the development of a safety and reliability modeling of a digital feedwater control system using Markov-based chain models. All the Markov states and the transitions between these states were assumed and calculated from the control logic for the digital control system. Finally, based on the simulation results of modeling the digital feedwater control system, the system does meet its reliability requirement with the probability of being in fully operational states is 0.99 over a 6 months’ time. &nbsp

Early and delayed suture adjustments after adjustable suture strabismus surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Adjustable sutures increase the success rate of strabismus surgery. However, the optimal timing of postoperative suture adjustment remains controversial. This trial was aimed at comparing the surgical outcomes and pain scores of early or 2 – 4 h and delayed or 24 h postoperative suture adjustment in adult patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Methods: An open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative interventional study was performed in consecutive adult patients scheduled for eye muscle surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: the early group, with suture adjustment 2 – 4 h postoperatively, and the delayed group, with suture adjustment 24 h postoperatively. Subjective pain scores during the adjustment were also analyzed. The angles of misalignment at 1 and 3 months and the success rate at 3 months postoperatively were compared. Results: Forty-five (90%) patients completed the follow-up, including 23 (92%) in the early adjustment group and 22 (88%) in the delayed adjustment group, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 25.6 (9.5) years and a male-to-female ratio of 46.7:53.3. Thirty patients (66.7%) had exotropia, and 15 (33.3%) patients had esotropia. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics (all P > 0.05). The mean pain scores during adjustment did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative angles of alignment were comparable between the groups before suture adjustment and at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups (all P > 0.05). The success rate in the early adjustment group was slightly higher (87.0% versus 63.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The success rate was comparable between the groups in patients with esotropia or exotropia (both P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although the early adjustment group had a slightly higher success rate, the difference was not significant. Both groups had comparable subjective pain scores during adjustment. Future clinical trials should be performed different time intervals for postoperative suture adjustment, and subjective and objective outcomes, such as diplopia and stereopsis, should be compared between patients with a first strabismus surgery and those who underwent reoperation. This could better resolve the persistent controversy related to the optimal time for suture adjustment

Comparative study of root resorption between two methods for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess apical root resorption (RR) following the application of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) and piezocision (PzC) assisted orthodontics for the acceleration of tooth movement (TM). Materials and Methods: A total number of 16 patients seeking orthodontic therapy were included in this study. All patients had undergone 1st premolars extraction and were indicated for canine retraction. These patients were divided into two groups; one was treated using MOP in one side while the other side served as control. In the other group PzC was performed in one side with no intervention done on the other side. Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained for every patient before and after canine retraction in order to evaluate amount of RR. Results: In the MOP group, there was no significant difference in canine root length between experimental and control sides. Whereas, in the PzC group, there was a statistically significant decrease in root length in the experimental side compared with the control side. When comparing both groups, the experimental PzC side showed a statistically significant decrease in root length compared to experimental MOP side postoperatively. Conclusion: Experimental PzC showed statistically significant decreases in canine root length compared to both experimental MOP and control side after canine retraction

An adaptive approach for internet phishing detection based on log data

The Internet has become one of the most important daily socials, financial and other activities. the number of customers who use the Internet to conduct their business and purchases is very large. This results in billions of dollars being transferred every day online. Such a large amount of money attracts the attention of cybercriminals to carry out their illegal activities. “Fraud” is one of the most dangerous of these methods, especially phishing, where attackers try to steal user credentials using fraudulent emails, fake websites, or both. The proposed system for this paper includes efficient data extraction from the web file through data collection and preprocessing. and web usage mining procedure to extract features that demonstrate user behavior. and feature-extracting URL analysis to detect website phishing addresses. After that, the features from the above two parts are combined to make the number of features sixty-three. Finally, a classification algorithm (Random Forests) is applied to determine if website addresses are phishing or legitimate. Suggested algorithms performance is determined by using a confusion matrix and a number of metrics that shows the robustness of the proposed system

EVALUATION OF OSTEOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH BETA-THALASSEMIA MAJOR USING DIFFERENT IRON CHELATION THERAPIES

Objective: We aim to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone biochemical parameters in Iraqi patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM).Methods: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was used to evaluate bone density and interpreted about Z-score which compares to the BMD of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched reference population. Biochemical parameters such as calcium, 25-OH Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and serum ferritin (SF) evaluated.Results: No statistical difference in SF between pediatrics and adults was determined; however, 66 patients were having their SF between 1000 and 2500 ng/ml and 122 patients with SF ˃2500 ng/ml. Calcium and Vitamin D levels are low in both adults and pediatrics. The bone status shows high percentages of osteoporosis 62% and 54.5% for pediatrics and adults, respectively, as well as osteopenia 27% and 34.3% for both pediatric and adults and to a lesser extent normal bone status 11% for each. Conclusion: Osteopathy has a high prevalence in Iraqi patients with β-TM and should receive an optimal transfusion and chelation therapy to prevent bone expansion. Calcium and Vitamin D should be routinely determined to prevent deficiency