Concept of equivalence in Russian and English texts of petroleum industry

The article deals with the concept of equivalence in Russian and English texts of petroleum industry, its specific nature and main characteristics as well as various types of equivalence and its key features. Equivalence is studied by a considerable number of scientists, for that reason, different views and theories of the investigated concept are revealed. The problem of technical translation is of great importance nowadays, therefore common difficulties that a translator faces are identified in the article. Moreover, the author of the article formulates ways and recommendations on petroleum text translation. Настоящая статья посвящена изучению понятия эквивалентности в русских и английских текстах нефтегазовой направленности. В данной статье представлены специфика исследуемого понятия, основные характеристики, виды и особенности эквивалентности. Многие ученые исследуют эквивалентность, в связи с чем в статье показаны различные подходы и мнения по данному вопросу. Проблема технического перевода актуальна сегодня, по этой причине в статье выявлены основные трудности, с которыми сталкивается переводчик. Кроме того, автор статьи формулирует рекомендации по переводу текстов нефтегазовой отрасли

Анаграматизм та криптографія в ліриці Михайля Семенка

The article analyzes anagrams and cryptograms in Mykhayl Semenko’s poetry. It has been proved that anagrams and cryptograms became the formative factor in the poet’s love lyrics, requiems for his comrades and in the works of other lyrical genres by the leader of Ukrainian Futurism.У статті проаналізовано анаграми та криптограми в поезії Михайля Семенка. Доведено, що в інтимній ліриці Семенка, у його поетичних реквіємах на загибель товаришів, у творах інших ліричних жанрів лідера українського футуризму анаграми та криптограми стали формотворчим чинником

Well-being Paradigm in the Context of Green Economy and Information Society

It was determined the necessity of the searching for a new paradigm of social and economic development in order to ensure the well-being without negative impact on environment. The social well-being factors connected with green economy development were analysed. It was concluded that the role of technology and technological changes increases, and technologies predominant over other development factors. Analysis of biotechnologies, information and cognitive technologies was carried out in the context of qualitative changes. It is noted that modern technologies focus on human abilities, intelligence and information. Components and working objects of information technologies were determined. The main virtual economy components were studied. The interaction between the virtual economy development and the social well-being was demonstrated.Conducted research results proved, that Russia needs the transition to new economic system, which will contribute to the preservation of natural resources. The authors propose new paradigm of social well-being as such economic system in the context of green economy and information society development. The authors note that human abilities, intellect and information are primary for modern technologies, machinery is paled into insignificance. It was concluded that, on the one hand, modern technologies and their forms could be good for society in the efficient and purposeful use. On the other hand, they will be dangerous if the use of technologies is inefficient

Evaluating the sensitivity of hybridization-based epigenotyping using a methyl binding domain protein

Hypermethylation of CpG islands in gene promoter regions has been shown to be a predictive biomarker for certain diseases. Most current methods for methylation profiling are not well-suited for clinical analysis. Here, we report the development of an inexpensive device and an epigenotyping assay with a format conducive to multiplexed analysis.David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT (First-year Graduate Fellowship)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research FellowshipBurroughs Wellcome Fund (Career Award at the Scientific Interface)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant P30-ES002109)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. James H. Ferry Fund for Innovation in Research Educatio

Organization of students’ self-guided work in biomedical departments of medical university using distant learning technology

The aim of the investigation to substantiate and analyze the practical implementation of using distance learning technologies (DLT) for managing the formation of basic knowledge during students’ individual work in the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Human Anatomy and Biological Chemistry. Methods. The methods involve analysis of an individual students’ work. Results. Questionnaires showed that the use of distance learning technologies during preparation for the practical classes allows to achieve the same result for most students as in the traditional forms of preparing (without DLT), to reach a significant saving of time. Respondents note the increased meaningfulness of individual work; the appearance of motivation to study the practical material; an increase of educational efficiency on the stage of extracurricular study due to the operative removal of arising question during the consulting process; as well as satisfaction with this form of education. Under control of knowledge and skills during practical classes, the increasing of students’ performance quality was noted. Scientific novelty. Using a basic knowledge standard of medicine; regulated methodical support for individual work and the introduction of DLT in the medical and biological departments of the university provides the continuity of teaching and fundamental knowledge integration, the formation of professional competencies of students. Practical significance. The demand of theoretical subjects’ content for students of 4–6 courses and the possibility of distance access for appropriate educational resources of biomedical departments would achieve a real interdisciplinary integration and support the necessary level of basic knowledge of young specialists in relation to a specific professional activityЦель статьи – обосновать и проанализировать практическую реализацию использования дистанционных обучающих технологий (ДОТ) для управления процессом формирования фундаментальных знаний во время внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы студентов на кафедрах гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии, анатомии человека и биологической химии.Методики исследования: анализ практики организации самостоятельной работы студентов. Результаты. Анкетирование показало: использование дистанционных обучающих технологий при подготовке к практическим занятиям позволяет большинству студентов для достижения того же результата, что и при традиционных формах подготовки (без применения ДОТ), добиваться существенной экономии времени. Респонденты отмечают возросшую осмысленность самостоятельной работы, появление мотивации к изучению учебного материала, повышение эффективности обучения на этапе внеаудиторной подготовки благодаря оперативному устранению возникающих вопросов в процессе консультирования. При контроле знаний и умений на практических занятиях отмечено существенное повышение качественной успеваемости студентов. Научная новизна. Использование стандарта фундаментальных знаний медицины, регламентированное методическое сопровождение самостоятельной работы и внедрение дистанционных обучающих технологий на медико-биологических кафедрах университета обеспечивают преемственность преподавания и успешное формирование профессиональных компетенций у студентов. Практическая значимость. Дистанционный доступ к образовательным ресурсам медико-биологических кафедр позволяет достигнуть реальной междисциплинарной интеграции и поддерживать необходимый уровень фундаментальных знаний у молодых специалистов с учетом их конкретной специализаци

Correlation of nucleotides and carbohydrates metabolism with pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems of erythrocytes depending on age in patients with colorectal cancer

Aim: To examine the relationship between metabolic features of purine nucleotides and antioxidant system depending on the age of patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: The activity of adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the NOx concentration and the oxidative modification of proteins were determined spectrophotometricaly in 50 apparently healthy people and 26 patients with colorectal cancer stage ­III–­­IV, aged 40 to 79 years. Results: Increase of pro-oxidant system of erythrocytes with the age against decrease in level of antioxidant protection in both healthy individuals and colorectal cancer patients was determined. A significant increase of pro­ducts of oxidative proteins modification in erythrocytes with ageing was shown. Statistically significant correlation between enzymatic and non enzymatic markers pro-oxidant system and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in erythrocytes of patient with colorectal cancer was determined. Conclusion: Obtained results have demonstrated the imbalance in the antioxidant system of erythrocytes in colorectal cancer patients that improve the survival of cancer cells that is more distinctly manifested in ageing. Key Words: age, colorectal cancer, erythrocyte, nucleotides, antioxidants, oxidative stress

Moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes in cancer

Since an extensive genome research has started, basic principle “one gene—one protein—one function” was significantly revised. Many proteins with more than one function were identified and characterized as “moonlighting” proteins, which activity depend not only on structural peculiarities but also on compartmentation and metabolic environment. It turned out that “housekeeping” glycolytic enzymes show important moonlight functions such as control of development, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, regulation of transcription and cell signaling. Glycolytic enzymes emerged very early in evolution and because of the limited content of genomes, they could be used as ancient regulators for intercellular and intracellular communication. The multifunctionality of the constitutively expressed enzymes began to serve cancer cell survival and growth. In the present review we discuss some moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes that important for malignant transformation and tumor growth

Применение метформина – целевая метаболическая терапия в онкологии

It is well known that metformin is widely used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. However, in numerous epidemiological studies it was shown that patients taking metformin were less likely to have cancer of different localization and had better survival prognosis. Many researchers consider metformin to be a targeted metabolic drug that has many goals: it acts on mitochondria, affects intracellular signaling, blocks channels, inhibits the formation of endothelial and platelet growth factors, reduces the level of vitamins involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, etc. It has also been established that metformin belongs to the group of “metabostemness” drugs, that is, it acts on cancer stem cells, blocking their division. We conducted a survey study that highlights the most important mechanisms and fields of application of metformin. The study of the use of this drug in oncology will make it possible to understand the pathogenetic targets of metabolic therapy and the prevention of cancer. Общеизвестно широкое применение метформина для лечения сахарного диабета II типа. Однако в многочисленных эпидемиологических исследованиях было показано, что больные, принимавшие метформин, реже болели раком различной локализации и имели лучший прогноз по выживаемости. Многие исследователи считают метформин таргетным метаболическим препаратом, который имеет множество целей: действует на митохондрии, влияет на внутриклеточный сигналинг, блокирует каналы, тормозит образование эндотелиального и тромбоцитарного факторов роста, снижает уровень витаминов, вовлеченных в синтез нуклеотидов и аминокислот и пр. Также установлено, что метформин относится к группе «метабостемных» препаратов, то есть действует на раковые стволовые клетки, блокируя их деление. Нами проведено обзорное исследование, которое освещает важнейшие механизмы и области применения метформина. Изучение применения данного препарата в онкологии позволит понять патогенетические мишени метаболической терапии и профилактики онкопатологий.

Expression level of androgen receptors in tumor tissue and its prognostic significance in primary operable luminal breast cancer without overexpression of Her2/neu in postmenopausal women

Aim. To evaluate the expression level and prognostic significance of androgen in primary operable luminal breast cancer without overexpression of Her2/neu in postmenopausal women. Methods. We analyzed treatment outcomes of 60 cases of primary operable (T1-2N0M0) luminal breast cancer without overexpression of Her2/neu in postmenopausal women. The follow-up period was 5 years. All cases were divided by immunohistochemical method into luminal A (20 females) and luminal B (40 patients) subtypes. Along with the standard panel of immunohistochemical markers, expression of nuclear androgen receptors was measured in tumor tissues of all patients. Depending on the expression levels, patients with luminal A and B subtypes were divided into three groups: (1) with high, (2) moderate and (3) low or negative expression. Results. Mean levels of androgen receptor expression in the nuclei of tumor cells in patients with luminal A subtype (57.3±5.9%) were higher than those of luminal B subtype (21.4±4.04%) by 62.7% (Mann-Whitney test, р=0.0026). In patients with luminal A subtype, the maximal accumulation of androgen receptors in the nuclei of tumor cells was 2.7 times higher (р=0.0023) than in patients with luminal B subtype. All cases diagnosed with the disease progression were characterized by low or negative level of nuclear androgen receptor expression. Conclusion. Negative and low levels of androgen receptor expression in tumor tissues of postmenopausal patients with luminal primary operable breast cancer without overexpression of Her2/neu might be an independent factor associated with poor prognosis