New Radio Navigation System for Aircraft Blind Landing

A new radio navigation system for aircraft blind landing is proposed. This system is based on measuring the phase shifts of signals received from four ground transmitters (antennas), placed on corners of the runway strip. The received signals phase shifts provide distance measurements accuracy in millimetres. The reception of these signals is made on the onboard antenna located on the aircraft. Three ground antennas out of the four will be sufficient for determining the location of the aircraft. As a result of the analysis, the coordinates of the onboard antenna, the coordinates of the centre of mass of the aircraft, and axis coordinate of the aircraft determined with respect to the runway coordinate system. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15024

Performance of Anti-Lock Braking Systems Based on Adaptive and Intelligent Control Methodologies

Automobiles of today must constantly change their speeds in reaction to changing road and traffic circumstances as the pace and density of road traffic increases. In sophisticated automobiles, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is a vehicle safety system that enhances the vehicle's stability and steering capabilities by varying the torque to maintain the slip ratio at a safe level. This paper analyzes the performance of classical control, model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and intelligent control for controlling the (ABS). The ABS controller's goal is to keep the wheel slip ratio, which includes nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, and disturbances as close to an optimal slip value as possible. This will decrease the stopping distance and guarantee safe vehicle operation during braking. A Bang-bang controller, PID, PID based Model Reference Adaptive Control (PID-MRAD), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller are used to control the vehicle model. The car was tested on a dry asphalt and ice road with only straight-line braking. Based on slip ratio, vehicle speed, angular velocity, and stopping time, comparisons are performed between all control strategies. To analyze braking characteristics, the simulation changes the road surface condition, vehicle weight, and control methods. The simulation results revealed that our objectives were met. The simulation results clearly show that the ANFIS provides more flexibility and improves system-tracking precision in control action compared to the Bang-bang, PID, PID-MRAC, and FLC

Fault detection and isolation in thermal power plant steam separator

Nedozvoljena devijacija najmanje jednog karakterističnog parametra ili osobine nekog sistema od njegovog uobičajnog ponašanja se može proglasiti greškom, odnosno otkazom u sistemu. Otkazi smanjuju efikasnost sistema, kvalitet proizvoda i ponekad mogu dovesti do potpunog zaustavljanja procesa, odnosno pada sistema. Ovakve pojave ne uzrokuju samo ekonomske gubitke vec u nekim slučajevima mogu dovesti i do ljudskih žrtava. Rana detekcija otkaza može biti način sprečavanja ili smanjenja ranije pomenutih gubitaka. Stoga su monitoring sistema i detekcija otkaza postali esencijalni deo modernih sistema upravljanja. Kontrolni uređaji koji se u novije vreme eksploatišu da bi se unapredile performanse industrijskih procesa uključuju sofisticirane tehnike projektovanja digitalnih sistema i kompleksni hardver (ulazno-izlazni senzori, aktuatori, komponente i procesorske jedinice). Da bi se smanjila verovatnoća pojavljivanja otkaza na ovoj opremi potrebno je projektovati sistem za automatsko nadgledanje procesa koji bi se koristio za što je moguće raniju detekciju i izolaciju otkaza. U poslednje tri decenije, problem detekcije i izolacije otkaza u dinamičkim procesima je privukao veliku pažnju stručne javnosti i razvijen je čitav spektar pristupa koji se baziraju na modelima sistema. Za projektovanje sistema za robusnu detekciju i dijagnozu otkaza je značajno poraslo interesovanje jer se korišcenjem istih mogu smanjiti gubici u proizvodnji, sprečiti kvarovi na opremi i povećati sigurnost osoblja. Pouzdan sistem je sistem koji ima sposobnost za: 1. Što raniju detekciju otkaza 2. Tačnu dijagnozu istih 3. Što brži povratak sistema u nominalni režim rada U ovoj disertaciji je predložen novi pristup detekciji i identifikaciji otkaza u generatorima pare u okviru termo-energetskih postrojenja. Realni sistem, na kome su vršena merenja i predložen sistem za detekciju i izolaciju otkaza, je TEKO B1 blok termoelektrane Kostolac u Srbiji, čija je nominalna snaga 330 MW. Za takvu prirodu procesa i dostupne podatke, implementirani sistem za detekciju i izolaciju otkaza predstavlja kombinaciju dva poznata pristupa, jedan koji se bazira na modelima procesa i drugi koji se bazira na merenjima. Analizirana su tri moguća tipa otkaza, u senzorima nivoa vode, protoka vode i protoka pare. Prvi korak u predloženom algoritmu je identifikacija procesa. Merenje nivoa vode u separatoru su izvršena pod ekstremno visokim pritiscima pare uz nestacionarni dotok vode i ispuštanje pare. Stoga su dostupni podaci o nivou vode veoma nepouzdani, a prisutan je i sporadični, ali veoma jak, šum merenja. Kao posledica toga, standardne procedure za identifikaciju sistema nisu mogle da daju zadovoljavajuce rezultate i u ovoj tezi je predložena alternativa koja predstavlja robusnu estimaciju parametara sistema. U sledećem koraku je izvršeno statističko testiranje hipoteza pri čemu se ne koriste vektori merenja već se vektori parametara sistema izvode na osnovu procedure robusne identifikacije. Rezultati pokazuju izuzetnu efikasnost u detekciji i izolaciji otkaza jednog od moguća tri tipa otkaza koji su analizirani. Pristup detekciji otkaza koji je predložen u ovoj tezi, u poređenju sa rešenjima dostupnim u literaturi, je specifičan u sledećem: 1. Zasnovan je na linearnom modelu procesa sa odgovarajućim brojem ulaza i izlaza koji se identifikuje u zatvorenoj sprezi. 2. Predložena tehnika identifikacije je robusna po svojoj prirodi što je veoma važno u slučajevima kada je prisutan sporadičan jako izražen šum merenja. 3. Otkazi nisu detektovani na osnovu reziduala u merenjima, što je uobičajeni pristup u literaturi, vec na osnovu parametara identifikovanog modela. 4. Predloženi metod za detekciju i izolaciju otkaza je kombinacija tehnika na bazi modela i na bazi merenja tako da je moguće napraviti kompromis između verovatnoće pojavljivanja lažnog alarma i vremenskog kašnjenja u detekciji otkaza. 5. Predloženi metod je primenjen na realnom sistemu separatora u termoelektrani i pokazao se kao veoma efikasan.An un-permitted deviation of at least one characteristic property or parameter of a system from standard condition is referred as a fault. Faults result in reduced efficiency of the system, reduced quality of the product, and sometimes complete breakdown of the process. This not only causes economic losses but may also result in fatalities. An early detection of faults can assist to avert these losses. Therefore, fault detection and process monitoring is becoming an essential part of modern control systems. The control devices which are nowadays exploited to improve the overall performance of industrial processes involve both sophisticated digital system design techniques and complex hardware (input-output sensors, actuators, components and processing units). In such a way, the probability of failure occurrence on such equipment may result significant and an automatic supervision control should be used to detect and isolate anomalous working conditions as early as possible. Since the last three decades, the problem of fault detection and isolation in dynamic processes has received great attention and a wide variety of model-based approaches has been proposed and developed. A robust fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system design has attained increased attention for reducing production loss, avoiding equipment damage, and increasing human safety. A more dependable system is a system that has the ability to: 1. Detect faults as fast as possible. 2. Diagnose them accurately. 3. Recover the system to the nominal performance as much as possible. This thesis presents a fault detection and identification approach for steam generators at thermal power plants. The real system in which the measurements were made and the FDI algorithm implemented is located at the TEKO B1 Unit of the Kostolac Thermal Power Plant in Serbia, whose nominal power output is 330MW. Given the nature of the process and available data, the implemented FDI algorithm is a trade-off of sorts between the model-based and the data-driven approach. Three possible types of faults are analyzed, of water level, water flow and steam flow sensors. The first step of the proposed algorithm is to identify the process. water level measurements in a separator are conducted under extremely high steam pressures, accompanied by constant unsteady water inflow and steam drain. therefore, available water level data are high unreliable and there is a sporadic of high-intensity measurement noise. As a consequence, standard process identification procedures have been shown not to yield satisfactory results and the thesis proposes a robust alternative to parameter estimation. The next step included statistical testing of the hypotheses, not using the measured data vector but the parameter vector derived from a robust identification procedure. The results demonstrated exceptional detection and isolation efficiency of one of the three possible and most frequent faults which were analyzed. The approach to sensor fault detection proposed in this work, compared to the solutions reported in the literature, is specific in the following respects: 1. It is based on a linear model of the process, with the corresponding number of inputs and outputs, identified in a closed loop. 2. The proposed identification technique is robust by its very nature, which is very important in the case of systems where sporadic high-intensity measurement noise is present. 3. Faults are not detected based on measurement residuals, which is the usual approach in the literature, but based on the parameter vectors of the identified model. 4. The proposed fault detection and isolation method is a combination of modelbased techniques and the data-driven approach, such that a simple trade-off is possible between the probability of false alarm and the fault detection time delay; 5. The proposed method was applied in a real steam separator at a thermal power plant and demonstrated as highly efficient

Design and Implementation of a Traffic Control System Based on Congestion

Abstract: The traffic issues have garnered more and more attention on a global scale as the number of cars has grown. One of the biggest problems is the traffic congestion, also the fixed-time settings are still used by the majority of traffic systems today. These technologies are unable to dynamically alter the timing of traffic lights in response to heavy traffic. Thanks to technological advancements, sensors or cameras can now collect data on traffic volume and wait times. This study provided an illustration of a traffic light control system that can manage traffic according to the number of vehicles in each road. Additionally, it showed how the system was designed using the Proteus design suite software and how a prototype of the system was implemented using an Arduino Mega 2560 and an infrared sensor. Through the results obtained, the efficiency of the proposed system is clear by comparing it with the system that depends on the fixed time of traffic signals

Proceedings of First Conference for Engineering Sciences and Technology: Vol. 1

This volume contains contributed articles of Track 1, Track 2 & Track 3, presented in the conference CEST-2018, organized by Faculty of Engineering Garaboulli, and Faculty of Engineering, Al-khoms, Elmergib University (Libya) on 25-27 September 2018. Track 1: Communication and Information Technology Track 2: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Track 3: Oil and Chemical Engineering Other articles of Track 4, 5 & 6 have been published in volume 2 of the proceedings at this lin