An Efficient Multi path Dynamic Routing Protocol for Computing and Constrained Mobile Ad-hoc Network Environment

Wireless mobile ad-hoc networks are classified as ad-hoc networks with logical connections. These types of networks do not have fixed topology (or physical connections) due to the mobility property of nodes, interference, propagation and loss of path. Because of all these problems the path established between sources to destination is not reliable and efficient path. Hence a dynamic source routing protocol is required for these networks to working properly. Data transfer using this protocol based on shorted path, all packets need to be transferred using same path. The researcher on MANET proposed many Routing algorithms to this task. The main idea of this paper is to study, understand, and analyze the problems with existing routing methods. In the proposed multi path dynamic routing, first identify multi paths exist between source to destination and select best shortest path and then data is segmented into packets, each packet is transferred to receiver using selected best shortest path. At receiver end received data need to be rearranged. Finally the performance proposed system is compared with existing methods and proposed method shows better performance when compared with existing methods

Gall bladder stones: surgical treatment

Background: There is higher incidence of gall stones in Karnataka and more commonly seen in women aged between 25 to 55 years. In this study men are also encountered with gall stone. As all the gall stones cannot be removed by laparoscopic procedure, the complicated and adherent gall bladder with stones and where laparoscopic procedure is not available are removed by conventional open method of cholecystectomy and in this study open cholecystectomy procedure is dealt in detail.Methods: Open cholecystectomy through Right Kocher’s incision.Results: In this study of 10 cases with complications of gall stones dealt surgically by doing open cholecystectomy gave satisfactory postoperative results without much postoperative complications.Conclusions: Among 10 cases of open cholecystectomy 6 cases were done through duct first method and 4 cases were done through fundus 1st method, which gave good results and less postoperative complications

Experimental Determination of Cutting Power for Turning and Material Removal Rate for Drilling of AA 6061-T6 Using Vegetable Oils as Cutting Fluid

The raw and modified versions of two nonedible vegetable oils, Pongam (Pogammia pinnata) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), and a commercially available branded mineral oil are used as straight cutting fluids for turning AA 6061 to assess cutting forces. Minimum quantity lubrication is utilized for the supply of cutting fluids. Cutting and thrust forces are measured. Cutting power is determined for various cutting speeds, depths of cut, and feed rates. Also, drilling is performed on the material to understand the material removal rate (MRR) under these oils. The performances of vegetable oils are compared to mineral oil. A noticeable reduction in cutting forces is observed under the Jatropha family of oils compared to mineral oil. Further, better material removal rate is seen under both the vegetable oils and their versions compared to under petroleum oil for the range of thrust forces

Pattern of vitamin D status in prediabetic individuals: a case control study at tertiary hospital in South India

Background: Role of vitamin D in the regulation of calcium metabolism is well established. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 DM in humans. There is a limited available data on the relationship of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency with glucose homeostasis among prediabetic individuals in South Indian population. Hence we examined serum 25(OH) D3 concentration among prediabetics. The objective of this study is to evaluate prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in prediabetics and to study any correlation between vitamin D and BMI, FBS and PPBS among prediabetics.  Methods: A case control study was carried out among 40 prediabetics & controls, after obtaining consent from subjects and clearance from institutional ethics committee. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in both groups. Statistical analysis was done using “t” test & Pearson correlation co-efficient (r).Results: Vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/ml were found in 72.5% of cases and 35% of controls. 5% of the cases and 12.5% of the controls had vitamin D above 30 ng/ml and this difference was statistically significant. Mean vitamin D levels in cases and controls was 17.09±5.89 ng/ml and 23.67±11.02 ng/ml respectively (P<0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed between vitamin D levels & body mass index (r=-0.274; p=0.014); random blood sugar (r=-0.35; p=0.001); fasting blood sugar (r=-0.328; p=0.003); post prandial blood sugar (r=-0.276; p=0.013).Conclusions: High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D exists among prediabetics and there is significant inverse correlation between BMI, FBS, PPBS and vitamin D levels. Hence, a prospective study covering large pre-diabetic individuals is essential to confirm the findings.

1-(2-Chloro­acet­yl)-3-methyl-2,6-bis­(3,4,5-trimethoxy­phen­yl)piperidine-4-one

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C26H32ClNO8, the piperidine ring is in a twist-chair conformation, with puckering parameters Q = 0.655 (4) Å, θ = 93.1 (1) and ϕ = 254.4 (3)°. The ortho C atoms of the piperidine ring deviate from the plane defined by the remaining ring atoms by 0.380 (3) and −0.250 (3) Å

1-Benzhydryl-4-(4-chloro­phenyl­sulfonyl)piperazine

The title compound, C23H23ClN2O2S, was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 1-benzhydrylpiperazine with 4-chloro­phenyl­sulfonyl chloride. The piperazine ring is in a chair conformation. The geometry around the S atom is that of a distorted tetra­hedron. There is a large range of bond angles around the piperazine N atoms. The dihedral angle between the least-squares plane (p1) defined by the four coplanar C atoms of the piperazine ring and the benzene ring is 81.6 (1)°. The dihedral angles between p1 and the phenyl rings are 76.2 (1) and 72.9 (2)°. The two phenyl rings make a dihedral angle of 65.9 (1)°. Intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present

Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine

The title compound, C15H16N2O3, was synthesized, characterized spectroscopically, and finally confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell parameters a = 10.314(9) Å, b = 17.976(15) Å, c = 12.762(11) Å, β = 113.331(3)°, Z = 4, and V = 2173(3) Å3. The dihydropyridine ring in the structure is in a flattened-boat conformation. The 2-nitrophenyl ring is orthogonal to the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring. The structure exhibits an intermolecular hydrogen bond of the type C–H…O

1-Acryloyl-2,6-bis­(4-chloro­phen­yl)-3,5-dimethyl­piperidin-4-one

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C22H21Cl2NO2, the piperidinone ring is in a boat conformation