Efficacy of lysine versus mupirocin in the treatment of non-diabetic foot ulcer: the sessing scale for assessment of pressure ulcer

Background: This present studies intended to evaluate the wound healing ability, efficacy and tolerability of lysine cream (15%) in non- diabetic foot ulcer assessed by way of sessing scale.Methods: A randomized, open-label, interventional study was directed on 20 subjects (participants) non-diabetic ulcers. Participants were grouped into two groups, control (n=10) and case (n=10). The control was treated with standard treatment with mupirocin and the test group was treated with standard treatment alongside lysine cream (15%) twice every day. Wound healing in the participants was assessed by the sessing scales.Results: A total of 20 participants were allotted into two groups. The results expressed as mean±standard deviation values imply the size and depth of the foot ulcer from the first week to the 8th week. Both the groups showed a significant increase the ulcer healing and decrease the pressure of foot ulcer of over a period of 8 weeks. Assessment of the first week showed no significant ulcer healing and its pressure. The overall outcome indicated that the lysine-treated group extensively reduced each of the parameters favouring wound healing than the standard therapy with mupirocin (control group).Conclusions: Results concluded that, lysine cream is better efficacious in the repair of wound and additionally well tolerated compared to mupirocin

Investigation on the effect of auxiliary vibrations on microstructure and mechanical properties of SMAW butt welded joints

155-162In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of inducing auxiliary vibration into the weld pool during welding and aimed to understand the fundamental role of vibration in controlling the weld pool microstructure and mechanical properties. A vibratory set-up has been used to transfer the mechanical vibration in the molten weld pool during shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process. Vibratory welding is performed on 6 mm thick mild steel plate with various material combinations using bead on plate technique. A comparative investigation between conventional welding and vibratory welding technique is conducted. The mechanical strength is evaluated using micro-hardness and transverse tensile tests. The result shows the enhancement in yield strength by 28%, 25% and 48% for the combination of WBMS/MS, WBSS/MS and WBST/MS, respectively. The metallographical studies show that induced vibration during welding increased the nucleation rate and steeper thermal gradients across the heat affected zone (HAZ) is found. Comparatively finer grain microstructures are observed in the vibratory welding condition

Formulation and evaluation of matrix-type transdermal delivery system of ondansetron hydrochloride using solvent casting technique

The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug Ondansetron hydrochloride (OSH) with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric systems by the solvent evaporation technique by using 25 % w/w of di-butyl phthalate to the polymer weight, incorporated as plasticizer. 5% menthol was used to enhance the Transdermal permeation of OSH. Formulated transdermal patches were physically evaluated with regard to thickness, weight variation, drug content, flatness, folding endurance, percentage of moisture content and water vapour transmission rate. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. Ex vivo permeation studies of formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells. Formulation prepared with combination of hydrophilic polymers containing permeation enhancer showed best ex vivo skin permeation through rat skin (Wistar albino rat) as compared to all other formulations. The release profile of OSH followed zero-order kinetics in all formulations. However, the release profile of the optimized formulation F17 (r2 = 0.999 for Higuchi) indicated that the permeation of the drug from the patches was governed by a diffusion mechanism. Formulation F showed highest flux among all the formulations in drug permeation. These results indicate that the formulations containing menthol as the penetration enhancer (5%) giving better penetration of OSH through rat skin were considered as suitable for large scale manufacturing with a backing layer and a suitable adhesive membrane

Influence of Aerobic and Nitrogen Flush Packaging Methods and Frozen Storage on Quality Characteristics of Prune Puree Incorporated Ready-to-Eat Mutton Kheema

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of aerobic packaging and nitrogen flush packaging methods on quality characteristics (physico-chemical, microbial and sensory quality) of 15 % prune puree extended mutton kheema at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of frozen storage (-18 ±1 °C). The results revealed that there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values, tyrosine value and per cent free fatty acid (FFA) values with incorporation of prune puree. Furthermore, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the pH, TBARS values, tyrosine and FFA content as the storage progressed from 0-90 days in during frozen storage. Irrespective of storage days and treatments, nitrogen flush packaged mutton kheema recorded significantly (P<0.05) lower pH, TBARS, Tyrosine value and FFA content compared to aerobic packaging method. Prune puree added mutton kheema recorded significantly (P<0.05) lower standard plate counts (SPC) and yeast and mould counts, and these counts are increased as the storage progressed from 0 to 90 days during frozen temperature. Nitrogen flush packaging of mutton kheema also helped in limiting the microbial growth during entire period of storage. Organoleptic evaluation scores of all the products were rated as excellent to very good, except for the appearance, which was rated as good. However, the scores decreased significantly with increase in storage time during frozen temperature. Based on the results, it is concluded that prune puree could be beneficially incorporated at levels of 15 % improving the physico-chemical, microbial quality with more health benefits. Nitrogen flush pouches for packaging mutton kheema help in preserving the sensory scores of fresh product during frozen storage

Micellear Gold Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ZD6474 for Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment

The therapeutic index of poorly water-soluble drugs is often hampered due to poor pharmacokinetics, reduced blood retention, and lack of effective drug concentrations in the tumor region. In order to overcome these issues, drugs are often delivered by use of delivery vehicles to provide an enhanced therapeutic index. Gold nanoparticles synthesized in micellar networks of amphiphilic block copolymer (AuNM) provide an efficient nanocarrier for tissue- and site-specific drug delivery owing to their low cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. AuNM is formed by exploiting the properties of both inorganic Au material and an amphiphilic polymer of poly­(ethylene glycol)-<i>block</i>-poly­(propylene glycol)-<i>block</i>-poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG–PPG–PEG). We further functionalized AuNM with the FDA-approved dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474 and studied the physicochemical properties of the conjugate ZD6474–AuNM. Both AuNM and ZD6474–AuNM, with a diameter of ∼70 nm, were very stable at physiological pH. Conversely, at an acidic pH of 5.2, a slow sustained-release profile of ZD6474 was evident from AuNM, which could provide a method of facilitating release of the drug in an acidic tumor environment. In vitro, in triple-negative breast cancer cells, ZD6474–AuNM inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. There was no detectable lysis of red blood cells observed when they were treated with AuNM and ZD6474–AuNM, confirming hemocompatibility. To reinforce the possibility of AuNM serving as a delivery vehicle, AuNM was conjugated with the IR680 dye for tracking, and this conjugate was systemically delivered in female nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts. Fluorescence signal was retained in the tumor region in a temporal manner as compared to other organs, indicating passive retention of AuNM in the tumor locale. Moreover, delivery of ZD6474–AuNM in nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts led to decreased tumor size as compared to the control group. The promising safety, targeting, and therapeutic results of systemic delivery of ZD6474 by AuNM provide an attractive alternative method for treating patients with metastatic breast cancer