Magnetic field and plasma inside and outside of the Martian magnetosphere

Simultaneous magnetic and plasma measurements, carried out by wide angle plasma detectors in the Mars environment, are compared in order to identify regions with significantly different physical properties. Magnetograms and ion spectra indicate changes in the magnetopause and magnetosphere of Mars that are associated with the dynamic pressure effect of the solar wind

Defining Developmental Potency and Cell Lineage Trajectories by Expression Profiling of Differentiating Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Biologists rely on morphology, function and specific markers to define the differentiation status of cells. Transcript profiling has expanded the repertoire of these markers by providing the snapshot of cellular status that reflects the activity of all genes. However, such data have been used only to assess relative similarities and differences of these cells. Here we show that principal component analysis of global gene expression profiles map cells in multidimensional transcript profile space and the positions of differentiating cells progress in a stepwise manner along trajectories starting from undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells located in the apex. We present three ‘cell lineage trajectories’, which represent the differentiation of ES cells into the first three lineages in mammalian development: primitive endoderm, trophoblast and primitive ectoderm/neural ectoderm. The positions of the cells along these trajectories seem to reflect the developmental potency of cells and can be used as a scale for the potential of cells. Indeed, we show that embryonic germ cells and induced pluripotent cells are mapped near the origin of the trajectories, whereas mouse embryo fibroblast and fibroblast cell lines are mapped near the far end of the trajectories. We suggest that this method can be used as the non-operational semi-quantitative definition of cell differentiation status and developmental potency. Furthermore, the global expression profiles of cell lineages provide a framework for the future study of in vitro and in vivo cell differentiation

Usage of Mobile Laboratories of Biological Expertise Abroad and in Russia: Present Day Realities and Prospects

We analyzed the data on availability and usage of mobile laboratories of biological expertise for indication and identification of pathogenic biological agents in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. We outlined the major types of mobile units that exist abroad and in Russia. Key stages of evolution in design and deployment of mobile laboratories in the network of plague control institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor were described, as well as the broadening of the range of their use in Russia. We assessed operational use of the Russian mobile laboratories, both in Russia and abroad, in the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare during mass events, disaster management, and response to epidemic manifestations of particularly dangerous infectious diseases. Major trends in implementation of mobile units of biological expertise in Russia were identified. We addressed their usage in various State Programs on assistance to partner-countries in the matters of International Health Regulations (2005) implementation, control over dangerous infectious diseases. Advanced inventions – Second generation modernized mobile complex of the specialized anti-epidemic teams, mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, and airmobile anti-epidemic complex – were discussed

Basic Principles of Construction of Mobile Truck-Mounted Laboratories for Indication and Identification of Infectious Disease Agents

The paper covers historical retrospective of mobile truck-mounted laboratory construction, used for diagnostics of infectious diseases in the Russian Federation, as well as information on analogous laboratories of foreign manufacture. From the standpoint of systemic approach and systemic-functional analysis, investigated has been experience of the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “ Microbe” in developing mobile complexes for indication and identification of infectious disease agents, I-IV pathogenicity groups. Outlined, scientifically substantiated and considered in depth are ten basic principles, underlying design and construction of mobile laboratories for laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases

Соціально-психологічні аспекти управління персоналом в умовах пандемії Сovid-19

Соціально-психологічні аспекти управління персоналом в умовах пандемії Сovid-19 = Socio-psychological aspects of personnel management in a pandemic Сovid-19 / І. О. Іртищева, А. Б. Трушлякова, К. С. Трунін, Н. П. Тубальцева, Є. В. Шарова // Вісн. ХНАУ. Сер. Економічні науки. – Харків, 2020. – № 3. – С. 49–60.Метою написання статті є дослідження соціально-психологічних аспектів управління персоналом в умовах пандемії СOVID-19. Проаналізовано середньомісячну заробітну плату штатних працівників за видами економічної діяльності та охорони здоров’я у 2010–2019 роках. Визначено кількість вакансій за видами економічної діяльності у 2019 році (за даними державної служби зайнятості). Розкрито основні соціальнопсихологічних методи управління персоналом в умовах пандемії коронавірусної інфекції 2019-nCoV. Обґрунтовано механізм управління працівниками в сфері охорони здоров’я в умовах пандемії коронавірусної інфекції 2019-nCoV. Доведено, що запропонований механізм дозволить забезпечити загальну наявність, доступність, прийнятність, охоплення і якість трудових ресурсів охорони здоров'я за допомогою адекватних інвестицій у зміцнення систем охорони здоров'я та здійснення ефективної політики на національному регіональному рівнях.The purpose of writing this article is to study the sociopsychological aspects of personnel management in a pandemic COVID-19. It is proved that medicine still suffers from a lack of qualified personnel due to low motivation. In the conditions of the coronavirus infection pandemic 2019-nCoV, most European countries are ready to hire Ukrainian medical staff without additional requirements for decent financial incentives and social guarantees. The necessity of using socio-psychological methods of medical personnel management in the conditions of pandemic of coronavirus infection 2019-nCoV, among which: psychological selection, adaptation, planning and professional training, is proved. Certain socio-psychological methods will effectively manage medical staff. It is substantiated that among the main problems of personnel management in health care institutions is the lack of social guarantees and tools of material incentives, high staff turnover. In order to improve the management of personnel in health care facilities in the context of the coronavirus infection pandemic 2019-nCoV developed a mechanism that is an integrated open system with tools, principles and objectives for its implementation.Определено количество вакансий по видам экономической деятельности в 2019 г. (по данным Государственной службы занятости). Раскрыты основные социально-психологические методы управления персоналом в условиях пандемии коронавирусной инфекции 2019-nCoV. Обоснован механизм управления работниками в сфере здравоохранения в условиях пандемии коронавирусной инфекции 2019-nCoV. Доказано, что предложенный механизм позволит обеспечить общие наличие, доступность, приемлемость, охват и качество трудовых ресурсов здравоохранения с помощью адекватных инвестиций в укрепление системы здравоохранения и осуществления эффективной политики на национальном региональном уровнях

AU-Rich Element-Mediated mRNA Decay Can Occur Independently of the miRNA Machinery in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Drosophila S2-Cells

AU-rich elements (AREs) are regulatory sequences located in the 3′ untranslated region of many short-lived mRNAs. AREs are recognized by ARE-binding proteins and cause rapid mRNA degradation. Recent reports claimed that the function of AREs may be – at least in part – relayed through the miRNA pathway. We have revisited this hypothesis using dicer knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cultured Drosophila cells. In contrast to the published results, we find no evidence for a general requirement of the miRNA pathway in the function of AREs. Endogenous ier3 mRNA, which is known to contain a functional ARE, was degraded rapidly at indistinguishable rates in wild type and dicer knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In cultured Drosophila cells, both ARE-containing GFP reporter mRNAs and the endogenous cecA1 mRNA were resistant to depletion of the mi/siRNA factors dcr-1, dcr-2, ago1 and ago2. Furthermore, the Drosophila miRNA originally proposed to recognize AU-rich elements, miR-289, is not detectably expressed in flies or cultured S2 cells. Even our attempts to overexpress this miRNA from its genomic hairpin sequence failed. Thus, this sequence cannot serve as link between the miRNA and the AU-rich element mediated silencing pathways. Taken together, our studies in mammalian and Drosophila cells strongly argue that AREs can function independently of miRNAs

Спектрально-люминесцентные свойства наночастиц бактериохлорина и фталоцианина алюминия в качестве поверхностного покрытия имплантов на основе гидроксиапатита

The development and the spectral research of unique coating as crystalline nanoparticles of IR photosensitizers were performed for the creation of hydroxyapatite implants with photobactericidal properties. It has been proved that by the interaction of nanoparticles covering implant with the polar solvent, which simulates the interaction of the implant with the biocomponents in vivo (fast proliferating and with immunocompetent cells), photosensitizers nanoparticles change the spectroscopic properties, becoming fluorescent and phototoxic. Thus, the developed coating based on crystalline photosensitizer nanoparticles with studied specific properties should have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory effect by the photodynamic treatment in the near implant area. This research opens the prospect of the local prevention of inflammatory and autoimmune reactions in the area of implantation. The results of the study suggest a promising this technology in order to create implants with photobactericidal properties.Разработана перспективная технология покрытия поверхности имплантов нанокристаллами фотосенсибилизаторов для придания им фотобактерицидных свойств. В ходе работы было проведено исследование спектрально-люминесцентных свойств покрытий на основе наночастиц фотосенсибилизаторов, поглощающих в ближнем инфракрасном диапазоне спектра: бактериохлорина и фталоцианина алюминия. Было показано, что при взаимодействии с полярным растворителем, что моделирует процесс взаимодействия импланта с биокомпонентами в условиях in vivo (быстро пролиферирующими и иммунокомпетентными клетками), кристаллические наночастицы фотосенсибилизаторов, покрывающие имплант, меняют свои спектроскопические свойства: приобретают способность к фотолюминесценции и становятся фототоксичными. Показана устойчивость разработанного покрытия к вымыванию нанокристаллов во времени. Сделан вывод, что разработанное покрытие на основе кристаллических наночастиц фотосенсибилизаторов будет оказывать антибактериальное и противовоспалительное действие в условиях фотодинамического воздействия в околоимплантационной зоне. Результаты проведенных исследований позволяют считать данную технологию перспективной для создания имплантов с фотобактерицидными свойствами, что открывает перспективу локальной профилактики воспалительных и аутоиммунных реакций в области имплантации

Management of Epizootiological Investigation in the Context of Mass Event (by the Example of the XXVII Worldwide Summer Universiade in Kazan, 2013)

In consequence of epizootiological investigation, differentiated has been Kazan territory according to the potential epidemic hazard levels; determined is the abundance of carriers and vectors of natural-focal infection agents in and around the territory of the Summer Universiade-2013; substantiated is the scope of preventive measures (disinfection, deratization, desinsection), as well as their frequency and coverage area. Timely detection of the regions with expressed epizootic potential growth has made it possible to carry out prophylactic activities and reach an epidemic-hazard-lowering effect as regards particular territories of the natural and anthropourgic infectious disease foci. Further on, validated has been disinfection as part of specific prophylaxis and as a basic measure for elimination of risks of the population exposure to natural-focal infections directly during the mass event

Responsiveness of genes to manipulation of transcription factors in ES cells is associated with histone modifications and tissue specificity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In addition to determining static states of gene expression (high vs. low), it is important to characterize their dynamic status. For example, genes with H3K27me3 chromatin marks are not only suppressed but also poised for activation. However, the responsiveness of genes to perturbations has never been studied systematically. To distinguish gene responses to specific factors from responsiveness in general, it is necessary to analyze gene expression profiles of cells responding to a large variety of disturbances, and such databases did not exist before.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We estimated the responsiveness of all genes in mouse ES cells using our recently published database on expression change after controlled induction of 53 transcription factors (TFs) and other genes. Responsive genes (<it>N </it>= 4746), which were readily upregulated or downregulated depending on the kind of perturbation, mostly have regulatory functions and a propensity to become tissue-specific upon differentiation. Tissue-specific expression was evaluated on the basis of published (GNF) and our new data for 15 organs and tissues. Non-responsive genes (<it>N </it>= 9562), which did not change their expression much following any perturbation, were enriched in housekeeping functions. We found that TF-responsiveness in ES cells is the best predictor known for tissue-specificity in gene expression. Among genes with CpG islands, high responsiveness is associated with H3K27me3 chromatin marks, and low responsiveness is associated with H3K36me3 chromatin, stronger tri-methylation of H3K4, binding of E2F1, and GABP binding motifs in promoters.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We thus propose the responsiveness of expression to perturbations as a new way to define the dynamic status of genes, which brings new insights into mechanisms of regulation of gene expression and tissue specificity.</p