A REVIEW: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS BASED ON NITROGEN AND SULFUR CONTAINING HETEROCYCLES

At present, heterocyclic compounds and their derived forms have become strong reflection in medicinal research field because of their positive pharmacological and biological properties. Heterocycles are prosperous in nature and have expanded additional importance because their structural subunits are established in many natural products such as antibiotics, vitamins, and hormones. Thiazine moieties present in compounds have multiplicity of medicinal activities such as antihypertensive, antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral. This review article mainly based on thiazines and their derivatives with potential antimicrobial activities that are at this time in advancement.Keywords: Nitrogen, Sulfur heterocycles (thiazines), Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimicrobial agents

A REVIEW: THIAZINES DERIVATIVES TREATED AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

In recent days, heterocycles and their derivatives have become strong reflection in medicinal research and pharmaceutical fields because of their practical pharmacological and biological activities. Organic compounds; mainly heterocyclic compounds are wealthy in natural world and contain extra value because their structural subunits are established in many natural products such as enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics, acids, and hormones. Thiazine nucleuses found in compounds have variety of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. This review spotlight on the substituted thiazines with possible antimicrobial activities that are at the present in development.Keywords: Antibacterial, Substituted thiazines, Antimicrobial agents.Â

Improved Survival with the Patients with Variceal Bleed

Variceal hemorrhage is a major cause of death in patients with cirrhosis. Over the past two decades new treatment modalities have been introduced in the management of acute variceal bleeding (AVB) and several recent studies have suggested that the outcome of patients with cirrhosis and AVB has improved. Improved supportive measures, combination therapy which include early use of portal pressure reducing drugs with low rates of adverse effects (somatostatin, octerotide or terlipressin) and endoscopic variceal ligation has become the first line treatment in the management of AVB. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis, early use of lactulose for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy, application of early transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunts (TIPS), fully covered self-expandable metallic stent in patients for AVB may be useful in those cases where balloon tamponade is considered. Early and wide availability of liver transplantation has changed the armamentarium of the clinician for patients with AVB. High hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) >20 mmHg in AVB has become a useful predictor of outcomes and more aggressive therapies with early TIPS based on HVPG measurement may be the treatment of choice to reduce mortality further

Vibrio ponticus, a new pathogen of cultured cobia

Most of the members of the family Vibrionaceae are natural inhabitants of marine and estuarine ecosystem and several of them are pathogens in cultured aquatic organisms. Vibriosis caused by some pathogenic Vibrio spp., can cause huge mortality in marine fish culture systems. Intermittent mortality with haemorrhagic lesions on the fin, body surface, and head, exophthalmia (Fig.1) and stopping of feeding activity were noticed in cobia (25±5 cm length; 17±4 g weight) reared in sea cages off Polem, Goa during June 2015. The clinical signs lasted for a week with a total mortality of 12%. Isolation of bacteria aseptically from liver and kidney was done

Analysis of awareness, acceptance, safety and continuation rate of post-placental and intra-caesarean insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device

Background: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective form of long acting reversible contraception. This study was done to determine the level of acceptance among Indian women according to their socio-demographic profile and continuation rate of post-placental and intra-caesarean insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD).Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India from August 2014 to December 2014. CuT 380A was inserted within 10 minutes of delivery of placenta in 100 counseled women who fulfilled the Medical Eligibility Criteria. They were followed up for 6 months.Results: Total women counseled were 316, out of which 100 accepted and 216 declined the PPIUCD. Expulsion rate was 2%, bleeding (3%), missing strings (8%), pain abdomen (3%), removal rate (6%). Continuation rate was 92%. There was no case of pelvic infection,   perforation or pregnancy with the CuT in situ in the entire followed up period.Conclusions: PPIUCD was demonstrably safe, effective and high retention rate (92%).The expulsion rate was not very high (2%). Awareness of PPIUCD among Indian women was very poor. Myths and misconception among community, limited access to skilled service providers and poor awareness among people were the reasons for low acceptance levels. Increasing awareness of benefits of PPIUCD will surely ensure the change in the acceptanc

Correlation between second trimester beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels and pregnancy outcome in high risk group

Background: Current obstetric practice uses second trimester maternal serum levels of alpha fetoprotein, beta human chorionic gonadotropin (b hCG), unconjugated estradiol as a screening tool for fetal aneuploidy. Given the obvious role of placenta in determining the maternal serum levels of these hormones, we evaluate their role as predictors of placental dysfunction as manifested by pregnancy outcome.Methods: This prospective study was done in department of obstetrics and gynecology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan on 150 patients attending the antenatal OPD and those admitted between 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Mid-trimester serum b hCG levels was obtained in these patients. They were followed up till delivery or abortion to see for development of any obstetrical complication.Results: Out of 100 cases in study group, 17% cases had level of serum b hCG >2 MOM and 83% cases had 2 MOM and 92% cases had < 2 MOM. Out of 17 cases in study group with high level of serum b hCG, 82.35% and 0% out of 4 cases in control group, developed PIH. Out of 17 cases with high level of b hCG in study group, 58.85% and 25% out of 4 cases in control group, developed IUGR.Conclusions: Women with bad obstetric history and unexplained elevation of serum b hCG during second trimester are at an increased risk for PIH and IUGR