A survey about existence currency of warm water fish in northern Alborz

Aquaculture is the most important part of Fisheries Organization duties in Iran. During several planning and developing programs, aquaculture productions had a considerable growth. Due to good potential, these productions were higher than the planed one. The North Alborz regions were investigated by four groups of experts. The regions which investigated were including 3 important provinces (e.g. Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan). The area where investigated was 940 km along with coastal zone of Caspian Sea or 58678 km2 in total. Around 27% of aquaculture production came from this region. However, subdivision of fisheries can play important role in the economics in the region. The fisheries sub-sector has an important role in the economy of the region, and despite the great potential for agriculture and tourist industries in the North Alborz, there is a significant role in the prosperity of the fisheries activities. In the present study shows that Mazandaran and Guilan provinces has more potential in reservoirs and aquaculture production when compared with other provinces. Productions in Mazandaran either in reservoirs were less than Guilan province. Due to lee in reservoirs, Mazandaran had less investment when compared with Guilan province. The figures show that carrying capacity of aquaculture production for 3 provinces (Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan) was higher than other provinces in the entire country. Due to, large land base, less investment, more interesting of farmers, no needs of complicated technology, farmer would be able to develop reservoirs as consequences to enhance productions. However, developing reservoirs and supporting of it's; can increase the contribution of warm water species in inland water

Investigation on probable viral agents associated with grass carp and silver carp mortality in Guilan province

Warm water aquaculture development along with import of eyed eggs, Broodstocks and ornamental fish also transferring of fingerlings and broodstocks from one province to another one has led to spreading of some unwanted diseases. According to the Gilan Fisheries Department report, mortality rate of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the summer of 2010 caused losing of silver carp production more than 1162 tons which was valued over than twenty-three milion rials that was increased to about 40 million rials in 1391. Also grass carp had a less mortality rate in some farms. Observed symptoms and severity of losses increased the probability of viral diseases such as spring viremia of carp, koi herpes virus and grass carp reovirus. In this research, totally 411 silver carp and grass carp with 5 to 2300 gram weight from 83 farms were sampled during 2011-2012. Clinical symptoms was different in various farms and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the flanks, red fin base or total fin and Red belly and operculum, mild exophthalmia, hemorrhaging in the abdominal cavity (yellow, transparent or red fluid) and petechial haemorrhages of skin and viscera and Ascites in abdominal cavity and some silver carps and grass carps were observed with palied liver and gill. In some cases swelling muscle was observed in Silver carp. Several fries with the severe emaciation were observed. Difference between clinical symptoms can indicate the presence of different causes of mortality in different farms. Various water colors from completely transparent to dark green, yellow or slightly brown observed in different pool, which shows the difference in overall culture management including water quality management. The minimum Water turbidity using secchi disk was 40 centimeters to one meter page in the fields. Source semi-deep wells or deep pools that were used as water source. Average water temperature, oxygen and pH in fileds 26/5-31 °C , 4/3-5/7 mg / L and 7/4-9/38. In order to virological surveys, sampling of internal organs, including kidneys, and spleen were done.and Homogeneous target tissues after spending 0/45 micron filter on EPC and BF2 cell line were inoculated to observe cell damage(CPE) in case of confirmation of antibody detection methods brilliant, RT-PCR and PCR done. In cell culture examination, a kind of cell damage (CPE-like changes) was observed after inoculating of 3 samples of Silver carp those were suspected to SVC, but in the second and third passages there were no sign of cell damage. It may be because of toxic effect of tissue filtrate on the cell monolayer. Concerning sample of Grass carp on two EPC and BF2 cells no evidence of cell damage was found. In indirect fluorescent antibody test, 72 hours after inoculation of tissues filtrates of of silver carp and grass carp samples on EPC, no positive reaction was observed. PCR and RT-PCR tests using specific primer pairs were done to test all of the silver carp and grass carp samples for SVC and KHV diseases Also for GCRV in grass carp samples. In addition, simultaneously commercial PCR kits applied for testing of SVC and KHV (IQ2000. Taiwan). The results of PCR and RT-PCR tests showed no evidence of robdovirus Carpio and grass carp reovirus RNA and no sign of koi herpesvirus DNA in tested samples. In conventional PCR and RT-PCR tests Using specific primer pairs none of positive bands related to SVCV(470 bp) and GCRV(292bp, 697bp and 320bp) were not confirmed in the tested samples. Also in electrophoresis of PCR products using IQ2000 kit revealed 471 bp and 640 bp negative bands in all samples and the positive bands were not observed. For confirmation of the results, three suspected samples were sent to Europe Union Reference Laboratory and none of mentioned diseases were confirmed. Simultaneously bacteriolocical examination applied for 26 using blood agar. In bacterial culture and related analyzes 6 isolates of Pseudomonas and 21isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were detected from 26 farms while no virus was confirmed in the same samples. Based on the results of cell culture, PCR, RT-PCR and IFAT tests no one of SVCV, KHV and GCRV viruses were confirmed in tested samples. Therefore, the etiological reason of the mortalities in the tested farms was not viral diseases and should be prevent and control by biosecurity and health management in the farms

Supply and protected different population of Litopenaeus vannamei subadult zero foster (F0) from difference provinces Iran

Nowadays, Litopenaeus vannamei are the most important species of farmed penaeidae shrimp in the world that is rapidly replacing native species in areas aquaculture. Due to demand increase for this species culture, shrimp displacement to different areas may be associated with some potential pathogens transferred to new areas farmed. Therefore, in this study were prepared bi-osecurity conditions for specific disease-free production of L. vannamei. Thereafter, three populations (Molokaei, High health and mix of Molokaei and High health) of the shrimp various reserves were detected base on origin and genetic indexes such as: observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, allele frequency, coefficient inbreeding, genetic differentiation, genetic distance and genetic identity. On the other hand, epidemiological studies indicate non pathogens (viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic) recognition of different populations selected in the quarantine salon. The bioassay results showed that the average weight and length of the populations of High health and Mix significantly greater than was a population of Molokaei. The shrimp populations were stocked in fiberglass tank (five ton) and were kept separated in the quarantine salon. During maintenance shrimp of populations in the quarantine salon were evaluated living and non-living pathogens with PCR, microbiology and biochemical methods. There is not any pathogens detection from shrimp populations stocking in the quarantine salon, so the shrimps were carried over to pond for broodstock culture of specific pathogenic free

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HISTOLOGY OF CIRCUMSTANCE OF WOUND HEALING PROCESS IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINLLS CARPIO)

The present experimental research was carried out to study the histology the inflammatory response and circumstance of wound healing process in the inflicted skin and underlying muscle of common carp. A number of 30 fishes with average length of 22cm in a recirculating glass aquaria system, at an average temperature at 27°C, were used for this study. A surgical wound (1.5-2.0cm long x 0.5cm deep) without complication of secondary infections, was made by sterilized scalpel blade into the left dorsal muscle of each anaesthetized fish. At least one wounded fish was sacrificed and sampled at 30 minutes, I, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 hours and thereafter at 2, 4,6, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 50 and 60 days after wounding. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and 5µ sections were prepared using standard histological method. The sections were stained by the standard H&E staining method. Also periodic acid schiff (PAS) with tartrazin were used for specific tissue features. The stained sections were examined using light microscope. Re-epithelialization of wounded epidetmis was completed within 4 hours after wounding. Macrophage infiltration began at 2 hours, and myophagia at 6 hours. Fibroplasia and muscle regeneration were initiated at 2 days after wounding. After 16 days, epidermis was normal and dermis was completely linked. The wounded area restored its main components by 16 to 24 days after wounding. This study revealed that a healthy carp is able to have a rapid and effective inflammatory response and also high potential of repairing against surgical wound

Study of anaesthetic effects of clove oil (Eugenia caryophyllata) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under various pH and temperature condition

The anaesthetic effects of clove oil in juvenile common carp (8-12 g) were investigated under various water quality conditions, consisting of different pH and temperature. The time to loss the equilibrium, induction of anesthesia, equilibrium recovery and response recovery were measured. The results showed that clove oil induced the desirable anaesthetic condition in less than 3 minutes in all experiments. However the time of equilibrium recovery and response recovery were longer than 5 minutes in many cases. When using clove oil at concentration of 100ppm, the most suitable anaesthetic effects and recovery times were observed at water temperature of 25֯C and pH=7 and 8,as well as at 30֯ C with pH=9. No morbidity or mortality occurred during induction of anesthesia by clove oil and recovery of fishes