FREQUENCY OF ABO BLOOD GROUPS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the blood groups among the patients presenting with ischemic stroke either AB blood group or O blood group is more common (frequent) among these patients irrespective of other known factors responsible for stroke. Materials &Methods: We included total 292 patients (40-70 years of age), with ischemic stroke documented on CT scan brain of both gender (male and female).Blood sample of these patients were sent to the central laboratory of hospital for blood group determination using standard techniques. Results: Mean age was 56.26 ± 8.28 years. Out of the 292 patients, 163 (55.82%) were male and 129 (44.18%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Frequency of blood group A, B, AB and O was found to be 114patients blood group A (39.04%), 53patients blood group B (18.15%), 26patients blood group AB (8.90%) and 99patients blood group O (33.90%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study results concluded that there is an association between ABO blood groups and ischemic stroke, irrespective of other risk factors. Our study results have observed that individuals belonging to non-O blood groups (A, B, or AB) are at an increased risk of ischemic stroke as compared to O blood group carriers however we did not control possible impact of confounders such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia etc .Many studies proved that persons with AB blood groups are at increased of atherosclerosis but no study showed that these persons have increased risk of ischemic stroke or not. Keywords: Ischemic stroke, ABO blood group

FREQUENCY OF RAISED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

Objective; To determine frequency of raised LDL levels in ischemic stroke and its association with various risk factors causing cerebral ischemia in stroke patients. Background; Cerebrovascular accident(CVA) is a health concern worldwide. It causes enormous disabilities in adult age group, and is 2nd commonest cause of deaths throughout the world. It has been established that approximately 15 million people succumb to stroke each year worldwide, out of this 5 million don’t survive and another 5 million become permanently handicapped and thus put significant burden on catering families. This study was conducted to identify contribution of different risk factors in causing ischemic stroke in our population. Study Design: Descriptive, case series study. Setting: Department of Medicine, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal. Duration of study; One Year tenure spread between May 2017 to May 2018. Material and Methods: 205 cases between 40-70 years of age including both male and female patients with ischemic stroke, irrespective of disease duration were included in study. History of raised BP, previous stroke, history of stroke in family, diabetes and smoking was recorded on pre-designed questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated after noting weight and height of the patient. Venous blood (5 ml) sample was drawn and sent to the pathology laboratory Hospital for estimation of serum LDL level and blood glucose level. Results; Of these 205 study cases, 92 (44.9%) patients were male while 113 (55.1%) patients were female. Mean age of patients in our setting was noted to 51.58 ± 8.05 years. In our study, 50 (24.4%) patients were smokers and 40 (19.5%) had history of hypertension. In our setting, family history of stroke was present in 39 (19%) and previous history of stroke was found in 31 (15.1%). Mean body mass index of our patients was calculated to be 23.17± 2.85 kg/m2 and 30(14.6%) cases were obese in our study. Mean fasting blood glucose level was 118.32 ± 23.21 mg/dl(48 (23.4%) had diabetes). Mean low density lipoprotein level (LDL) noted in our study was 109.59 ± 49.15 mg/dl and raised level of LDL was seen in 88 (42.9%) of our study cases. Conclusion; By identifying the share of various risk factors contributing in ischemic stroke, we can target population at risk of ischemic stroke and strict control and regulation of modifiable risk factors we can prevent this ominous condition to occur. Our study results point towards early diagnosis which will ultimately lead to proper management to improve clinical outcome in such patients. Raised levels of LDL were significantly associated with gender, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, family history and previous history of stroke. Keywords; Ischemic stroke, low density lipoprotein, frequency

Diagnostic Efficacy of Calretinin Expression in Various Histological Types of Ameloblastoma

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of calretinin as a confirmatory Marker for ameloblastic tissue. Study Design: Prospective study Place and duration: study was conducted in the Dental Section Allied Hospital, Faislabad and Sharif Medical and Dental College  from October 2017 to October 2018. Methodology: A total of 50 patients was included in the study, main variables assessed in this study were positive predictive value neative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of calretinin in diagnosis of ameloblastoma. SPSS version 23 was used to analyzed the data. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Study was started after permission from hospital ethical committee and patients were informed in detail about disease and procedure to be done. Non probability consecutive sampling was used. Results: Estimated sensitivity was 78.9%, it means that of the patients with ameloblastoma on calretinin, 78.9% were diagnosed correctly. The estimated specificity was 16%. Positive predictive value was 60% and negative predictive value was 16%. The overall accuracy was 38% for diagnosing calretinin. Conclusion: Ameloblastoma found to be an important immunohistochemical marker for ameloblastoma of ameloblastic epithelium and strong diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Calretinin, Histopathology, immunohistochemical marker, Maxillofacial

KAP Study to Assess Oral Hygiene in Patient reporting in Teaching Hospital

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding the oral health in our community. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Study Place and Study Duration: From January 2018 to September 2018, in Dental Section Allied Hospital, Faisalabad and Sharif Medical and Dental College. Material and methods: A total number of 378 patients were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was developed to gather the information required for the determination of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the patient towards oral health. The questionnaire comprised of thirty three questions regarding different aspects of oral health care. It involved questions regarding demographic information, knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the patients. Results: Regarding oral care, n=213 (56.3%) used tooth paste, n=260 (68.8%) patients brush once a day, n=178 (47.1%) used vertical technique for brushing. n=138 (36.5%) changed their brush every six months while n=60 (15.9%) changed their brush after one year. n=189 (50%) patients brush their teeth in morning, n=166 (43.9%) brush their teeth for cleaning purpose. n=144 (38.1%) visited to dentist when they felt pain. n=170 (45%) ignore, n=98 (25.9%) go to the dentist and n=110 (29.1%) use home remedies when they felt dental decay. n=239 (63.2%) patients’ family members brush their teeth regularly. Self-medication was observed as n=269 (71.2%). Conclusion: Although majority of the patients had good knowledge about health care but it was not associated with better attitudes, behavior and practicing of healthy habits. It can be suggested that poor socioeconomic conditions of majority of the public and lack of motivation for oral hygiene are the cause of poor behavior, attitude and practicing of dental care. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior, Oral Healt

The knowledge of master dyers revealed by HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-HRMS/MS

UIDB/00749/2020 UIDP/00749/2020This work provides new knowledge on natural yellows used in Iran. Seven biological sources were selected based on interviews with dye masters in Isfahan workshops (Iran). Delphinium semibarbatum, Eremostachys laevigata, Prangos ferulacea, Morus alba, Pistacia vera, Punica granatum, and Vitis vinifera are currently used in these workshops. Aiming to study the dye composition of wool samples dyed with the extracts of the selected biological sources and the changes induced by the dyeing procedures in the original chemical composition of the plant extract, raw materials and dyed wool (by us and in the workshops) were analyzed by HPLC–DAD and UHPLC–HRMS/MS. The main yellows for E. laevigata are luteolin-O-glycosides. In the other plant sources, the main chromophores are based on 3-O-glycosides of kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. In pistachio hulls, myricitin derivatives were detected and we propose their use as markers. Generally, the solutions extracted from the wool displayed a higher amount of more polar compounds, but also a higher amount of aglycones. Importantly, the chromatographic profiles of the samples we prepared compared well with 17th c. yellows in Persian carpets, and therefore can be considered highly characterized references for the study of Persian yellowThis work provides new knowledge on natural yellows used in Iran. Seven biological sources were selected based on interviews with dye masters in Isfahan workshops (Iran). Delphinium semibarbatum, Eremostachys laevigata, Prangos ferulacea, Morus alba, Pistacia vera, Punica granatum, and Vitis vinifera are currently used in these workshops. Aiming to study the dye composition of wool samples dyed with the extracts of the selected biological sources and the changes induced by the dyeing procedures in the original chemical composition of the plant extract, raw materials and dyed wool (by us and in the workshops) were analyzed by HPLC–DAD and UHPLC–HRMS/MS. The main yellows for E. laevigata are luteolin-O-glycosides. In the other plant sources, the main chromophores are based on 3-O-glycosides of kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. In pistachio hulls, myricitin derivatives were detected and we propose their use as markers. Generally, the solutions extracted from the wool displayed a higher amount of more polar compounds, but also a higher amount of aglycones. Importantly, the chromatographic profiles of the samples we prepared compared well with 17th c. yellows in Persian carpets, and therefore can be considered highly characterized references for the study of Persian yellows.publishersversionpublishe

The performance comparison of the open-ended fund and close-ended mutual fund in Pakistan

This research study show performance comparison of the Net Asset Values (NAVs) return of Openended and Close-ended mutual funds in Pakistan. The aim of the study to analyze the dissimilarity between the “net asset values” (NAVs) returns of the open-ended and close-ended mutual funds. The monthly data of Net Asset Value return of both open-ended funds and close-ended funds were taken over the period from 2006 till 2011 (inclusive). The NAVs return was computed through (LN) natural log function. The normality test was conducted initially and then the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test were applied, their result showed that the data is not normally distributed. The Mann- Whitney U test and then further the Kruskal Wallis was conducted to check for the differences between these two groups of independent variables. It showed dissimilarity between the net asset value returns of the openended and close-ended mutual funds. Further Kruskal Wallis test results indicated significant differences between the open-ended and close-ended funds. It is concluded that the performance of open-ended and close-ended mutual funds is not the same. Also, growth is witnessed in the mutual fund industry and many close-ended funds have been converted to open-ended fundsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

REDOR constraints on the peptidoglycan lattice architecture of Staphylococcus aureus and its FemA mutant

AbstractThe peptidoglycan of Gram-positive bacteria consists of glycan chains with attached short peptide stems cross-linked to one another by glycyl bridges. The bridge of Staphylococcus aureus has five glycyl units and that of its FemA mutant has one. These long- and short-bridge cross-links create totally different cell-wall architectures. S. aureus and its FemA mutant grown in the presence of an alanine-racemase inhibitor were labeled with d-[1-13C]alanine, l-[3-13C]alanine, [2-13C]glycine, and l-[5-19F]lysine to characterize some details of the peptidoglycan tertiary structure. Rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) NMR of isolated cell walls was used to measure internuclear distances between 13C-labeled alanines and 19F-labeled lysine incorporated in the peptidoglycan. The alanyl 13C labels in the parent strain were preselected for C{F} and C{P} REDOR measurement by their proximity to the glycine label using 13C13C spin diffusion. The observed 13C13C and 13C31P distances are consistent with a tightly packed architecture containing only parallel stems in a repeating structural motif within the peptidoglycan. Dante selection of d-alanine and l-alanine frequencies followed by 13C13C spin diffusion rules out scrambling of carbon labels. Cell walls of FemA were also labeled by a combination of d-[1-13C]alanine and l-[15N]alanine. Proximity of chains was measured by C{N} and N{C} REDOR distances and asymptotic plateaus, and both were consistent with a mixed-geometry model. Binding of an 19F-labeled eremomycin analog in the FemA cell wall matches that of binding to the parent-strain cell wall and reveals the proximity of parallel stems in the alternating parallel–perpendicular mixed-geometry model for the FemA peptidoglycan lattice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: NMR Spectroscopy for Atomistic Views of Biomembranes and Cell Surfaces. Guest Editors: Lynette Cegelski and David P. Weliky

Cloning and expression of hepatitis B surface gene in E. coli

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is among the smallest DNA viruses resulting in ~800,000 deaths each year. Pakistan is considered a country affected by HBV. In Pakistan, the most dominant genotype is D. HBV is an enveloped virus of 3.2 kb. The study's goal was to express hepatitis B surface antigen in a bacterial host to produce a recombinant protein.Method: Blood samples were collected in EDTA coated vacutainer from patients after their consent. DNA was extracted from serum through the phenol-chloroform method; Hepatitis B surface gene was cloned in TA cloning vector, subclone in pET 28a expression vector. An expression vector containing the Surface gene was then transformed into a competent bacterial host BL21 and inducted with IPTG at 0.1-0.2mM concentration for expression. The expressed proteins (soluble and pellet form) were analyzed on SDS PAGE.Results: Hepatitis B Surface gene of 681bp after PCR were detected under UV light then successfully cloned and subcloned in pET 28 expression vector. The restricted fragment indicating the gene of interest was 681bp when analyzed on 1.2% Agarose gel under UV light. The required protein of 25kDa was obtained in soluble form when detected on 12% SDS PAGE after staining with Coomassie Blue dye.Conclusion: Hepatitis B surface gene was successfully expressed in both insoluble and pellet forms using E.coli. The expression of surface protein needs to maximize through optimizing conditions to be used as potent candidate for vaccine production to prevent hepatitis B infection.Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Surface gene; Cloning vector; pET expression vector  

Factors inhibiting the psychological recovery process of children in conflict with the law

Psychological assistance is crucial in recovering the psychological condition of children in conflict with the law. The City Government of Semarang, Indonesia has responded to this need with a school-based restorative justice program. This study aims to explore the factors that can hinder the psychological recovery process of children in conflict with the law during the implementation of the program. A qualitative approach was employed, based on case studies of three children in conflict with the law, with their significant others as participants. Case study data analysis techniques were employed, namely matching patterns, building explanations, finding model logic, and synthesizing cases. The results show that negative peer support, drug abuse, negative role models, emotional detachment, and negative stigma towards children in conflict with the law can be factors that hinder their psychological recovery process. The findings could provide the basis for practitioners in the preparation of psychological interventions that are relevant to the psychological recovery needs of children