Проблеми відшкодування збитків, завданих громадянинові внаслідок збройної агресії: кримінальний процесуальний аспект

Current issues of reparation for damages caused to Ukraine by  Russia armed aggression: a full-scale war, unprecedented (compared  to the Second World War and the rest of the wars of the 21st century)  in scope, cruel in essence, genocidal in purpose, devastating in means  and consequences are considered. One of  consequences of war and  war crimes committed by Russian aggressors starting from February  24, 2022, is massive destruction and damage to housing and other  property of Ukrainian citizens. Within framework of initiated  criminal proceedings, damages are compensated by filing a civil  lawsuit. However, specifics of the grounds of such a lawsuit cause the  occurrence of certain risks for the victim, as well as problems with  law enforcement and the exercise of their powers by investigators and  prosecutors. In particular, difficulties may lie in the impossibility of  inspecting the scene of the incident, which will ultimately negatively  affect the determination of the amount of damage caused (calculation  of the material equivalent of the damage). Determining the amount  of damage caused as a result of the destruction or destruction of  housing is also problematic, as it often requires the appointment of  an expert opinion, while the scale of the destruction within the state  makes it impossible to conduct such an expert opinion in a reasonable  time. Attention is focused on the issues of establishing the person who  should be responsible for the claim, or the civil defendant. Possibility  of overcoming the jurisdictional immunity of Russia as a defendant  in the declared civil lawsuits was also considered. Conducted  research made it possible to formulate proposals on mechanism of  compensation for the damage caused, as well as on improvement of  current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine.Розглянуто актуальні проблеми відшкодування збитків, завданих Україні збройною агресією Росії — повномасштабною війною, безпрецедентною (порівняно із Другою світовою та рештою війн ХХ—ХХІ ст.) за розмахом, жорстокою за сутністю, геноцидною за метою, нищівною за засобами й наслідками. Одними з наслідків воєнних і військових злочинів, скоєних рашистськими агресорами починаючи з 24.02.2022 р., є масові руйнування та пошкодження житла й іншого майна громадян України. У межах розпочатих кримінальних проваджень завдані збитки відшкодовують шляхом заявлення цивільного позову. Утім, специфікою підстав такого позову зумовлено виникнення певних ризиків для потерпілого, а також проблем із правозастосуванням і реалізацією слідчим та прокурором їхніх повноважень. Зокрема, складнощі можуть полягати в неможливості оглянути місце події, що зрештою негативно вплине на визначення розміру завданих збитків (розрахунок матеріального еквівалента шкоди). Проблемним також є визначення суми шкоди, завданої в результаті руйнування чи знищення житла, оскільки найчастіше це потребує призначення експертизи, водночас масштабність руйнувань у межах держави унеможливлює проведення таких експертиз у розумні строки. Увагу акцентовано на проблемах установлення особи, яка має нести відповідальність за заявленим позовом, або цивільного відповідача. Також розглянуто можливість подолання юрисдикційного імунітету Росії як відповідача за заявленими цивільними позовами. Проведене дослідження дало змогу сформулювати пропозиції щодо механізму відшкодування завданої шкоди, а також щодо вдосконалення чинного кримінального процесуального законодавства України

Normas internacionais no sistema de acompanhamentofinanceiro da Ucrânia: Problemas de implementação

This article presents an analysis of issues of legal implementation of international norms, principles and standards generally accepted in developed economic countries, in particular, the countries of the European Union and the USA, into the national legal system of financial monitoring of Ukraine. The structural characteristic of the financial monitoring system inherent in any state was taken as a basis, and the authors analyzed the internal national financial monitoring system of Ukraine, its features and gradual modification. The article, through the prism of a review of the main elements of the financial monitoring system, draws conclusions about the possible results of such an implementation, as well as about the prospects for global integration trends in this area further. Following the article, it was concluded that, on the one hand, thanks to active cooperation with authoritative international organizations working in the field of Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism, the national financial monitoring system was able to rise to a new level of activity in preventing illegal income from entering the legal economy. At the same time, such cooperation was carried out to a greater extent not in a directive and administrative manner, but, in general, had a methodological and consultative nature and dealt with a fairly wide range of issues in this area. On the other hand, it is possible to make a disappointing conclusion that such work, which, of course, brought its positive results, nevertheless, was more carried out on paper, because, when trying to implement some international standards into domestic law, there were a number of difficulties. This reduces the effectiveness of the important and necessary work, which was done in the field of reforming the legal system of financial monitoring of Ukraine. In this regard, Ukraine continues to be under the scrutiny of international organizations and should continue to cooperate with them in the field of Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism.Este artículo presenta un análisis de los problemas de implementación legal de las normas internacionales, principios y estándares generalmente aceptados en los países económicos desarrollados, en particular, los países de la Unión Europea y los EE. UU., En el sistema legal nacional de monitoreo financiero de Ucrania. La característica estructural del sistema de monitoreo financiero inherente a cualquier estado se tomó como base, y los autores analizaron el sistema interno de monitoreo financiero nacional de Ucrania, sus características y su modificación gradual. El artículo, a través del prisma de una revisión de los principales elementos del sistema de monitoreo financiero, extrae conclusiones sobre los posibles resultados de dicha implementación, así como sobre las perspectivas de las tendencias de integración global en esta área. Tras el artículo, se llegó a la conclusión de que, por un lado, gracias a la cooperación activa con organizaciones internacionales autorizadas que trabajan en el campo de la lucha contra el lavado de dinero y la financiación del terrorismo, el sistema nacional de supervisión financiera pudo alcanzar un nuevo nivel. Nivel de actividad para evitar que los ingresos ilegales ingresen a la economía legal. Al mismo tiempo, dicha cooperación se llevó a cabo en mayor medida no de manera directiva y administrativa, sino que, en general, tuvo un carácter metodológico y consultivo y abordó una gama bastante amplia de cuestiones en esta área. Por otro lado, es posible llegar a una conclusión decepcionante de que tal trabajo, que, por supuesto, dio sus resultados positivos, sin embargo, se llevó a cabo más en el papel porque, al tratar de implementar algunas normas internacionales en la legislación nacional, existe Hubo una serie de dificultades. Esto reduce la eficacia del trabajo importante y necesario, que se realizó en el campo de la reforma del sistema legal de supervisión financiera de Ucrania. En este sentido, Ucrania continúa bajo el escrutinio de las organizaciones internacionales y debe seguir cooperando con ellas en el campo de la lucha contra el lavado de dinero y la financiación del terrorismo.Este artigo apresentaumaanálise das questões de implementação legal de normas, princípios e padrõesinternacionaisgeralmenteaceitosem países econômicosdesenvolvidos, em particular, os países da UniãoEuropeia e os EUA, no sistema jurídico nacional de acompanhamentofinanceiro da Ucrânia. A característica estrutural do sistema de monitoramentofinanceiroinerente a qualquer estado foi tomada como base, e os autores analisaram o sistema interno de monitoramentofinanceiro nacional da Ucrânia, suas características e modificação gradual. O artigo, através do prisma de umarevisão dos principais elementos do sistema de monitoramentofinanceiro, extraiconclusões sobre os possíveis resultados de tal implementação, bem como sobre as perspectivas de tendências de integração global nessa área. Nasequência do artigo, concluiu-se que, por um lado, graças à cooperação activa comorganizaçõesinternacionais autorizadas que trabalham no domínio do branqueamento de capitais e do financiamento do terrorismo, o sistema nacional de acompanhamentofinanceiroconseguiuchegar a umnovonível de atividade para evitar que a renda ilegal entre naeconomia legal. Aomesmo tempo, essacooperaçãofoi realizada emmaior medida, não de maneiradiretiva e administrativa, mas, emgeral, teveumcaráter metodológico e consultivo e tratou de umamploleque de questõesnessa área. Por outro lado, é possívelfazerumaconclusão decepcionante que tal trabalho, que, é claro, trouxeseus resultados positivos, no entanto, foimais realizado no papel, porque, ao tentar implementar algunspadrõesinternacionais no direito interno, Houveumasérie de dificuldades. Issoreduz a eficácia do trabalho importante e necessário, que foifeito no campo da reforma do sistema jurídico de acompanhamentofinanceiro da Ucrânia. A este respeito, a Ucrânia continua sob o controlo das organizaçõesinternacionais e deve continuar a cooperar comelas no domínio do combate aobranqueamento de capitais e do combate aofinanciamento do terrorismo

Processing-Property-Performance Relationships in Solution-Processed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Photovoltaic devices that directly convert sunlight to electrical power have the potential to generate terawatts of usable power if they can be produced economically at scale. Solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics (BHJ OPVs) are a particularly interesting photovoltaic technology primarily because they have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 10% and can be solution-processed over large areas, indicating their potential as a cost-effective, scalable source of renewable energy. Whereas BHJ OPVs utilizing polymer donors and functionalized fullerene acceptors dominate the organic solar cell literature, BHJ OPVs have recently been fabricated using small molecule donors with PCEs on par with their polymeric counterparts. The work comprising this dissertation therefore consists of two separate but related goals: 1) understanding and controlling the crystallization of small molecule donor materials in BHJ blends with functionalized fullerene acceptors and 2) identifying the efficiency limiting processes of organic solar cells utilizing perylene diimide (a commercial dye) acceptor molecules and small molecule donor materials. It is well established that the specifics of the bulk heterojunction morphology (phase separation, crystallinity, etc.) profoundly affect BHJ OPV device PCE. Controlling the BHJ morphology is thus of great importance. Using in-situ thermal annealing grazing incidence wide and small angle x-ray scattering it was discovered that the driving force for phase separation in BHJ OPV systems utilizing small molecule donor materials and functionalized fullerene acceptors is the crystallization of the small molecule donor material. Additionally, it was shown that this crystallization process, and therefore the development of the bulk heterojunction morphology and device performance, can be controlled by using commercially available nucleating agents designed for the clarifying of isotactic polypropylene. Functionalized fullerene acceptors, ubiquitous in high efficiency BHJ OPVs, are produced via particularly solvent and energy intensive techniques and exhibit small extinction coefficients across the terrestrial solar spectrum. There then exists obvious benefits for using inexpensive, easily mass-produced fullerene alternatives that strongly absorb solar photons. Perylene diimides (PDIs) are a class of organic dye molecules with high electron affinity similar to fullerenes, large extinction coefficients across the terrestrial solar spectrum and relatively high electron mobilities, thus making them attractive for use as electron acceptors in organic solar cells. A BHJ OPV with a PCE of 3.1% was fabricated using a small molecule donor material and a PDI acceptor, making this one of the most efficient BHJ OPV devices utilizing a non-fullerene acceptor. Use of the solvent additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was shown to greatly improve the PCE of these devices. Using UV-Vis and transient absorption pump-probe experiments it was shown that use of DIO increases the structural order of both the donor and acceptor molecule, corresponding to a drastic increase in the efficiency with which excited states separate into free charge carriers and therefore largely explaining the drastic increase in solar cell figures of merit when using the solvent additive

Integrated approach to the study of physical development of students of the college of Yekaterinburg: analysis and interpretation of the results

The aim of the study – to conduct an assessment of the physical development of college students in Yekaterinburg, as well as studying posture disorders, flattening of the foot, and menstrual function in girls.Цель исследования – проведение оценки физического развития обучающихся колледжа г.Екатеринбург, а также изучение нарушений осанки, уплощения стопы, менструальной функций у девушек

Enhancing Fullerene-Based Solar Cell Lifetimes by Addition of a Fullerene Dumbbell

Cost-effective, solution-processable organic photovoltaics (OPV) present an interesting alternative to inorganic silicon-based solar cells. However, one of the major remaining challenges of OPV devices is their lack of long-term operational stability, especially at elevated temperatures. The synthesis of a fullerene dumbbell and its use as an additive in the active layer of a PCDTBT:PCBM-based OPV device is reported. The addition of only 20 % of this novel fullerene not only leads to improved device efficiencies, but more importantly also to a dramatic increase in morphological stability under simulated operating conditions. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (DSIMS) and TEM are used, amongst other techniques, to elucidate the origins of the improved morphological stability

Grain rotation and lattice deformation during perovskite spray coating and annealing probed in situ by GI-WAXS

We report for the first time on grain rotation in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films for ∼12% efficient planar solar cells and present a new method for investigating their texture evolution during thermal annealing. Our technique is based on in situ 2D grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GI-WAXS) and employs a 10 keV wide-focussed X-ray beam to simultaneously probe a large number of grains. The ability to track the texture dynamics from a statistically relevant number of spots diffracting from single grains during thermal annealing and in grazing incidence geometry can have applications understanding the processing dynamics of a range of new materials

Assessment of adherence of the population of Nizhny Tagil to comprehensive prevention of tick-borne diseases

The article presents the results of assessing public awarenessof comprehensive prevention of tick-borne diseases in the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region. Findings of a sociological questionnaire-based survey conducted during the period of the seasonal rise in tick activity served as the basis for improving health risk mitigation measuresВ статье приведены результаты оценки информированности населения города Нижнего Тагила по вопросам комплексной профилактики клещевых инфекций. Полученные результаты социологического опроса, проведенного в период сезонного подъема активности клещей, явились основой совершенствования мероприятий по снижению рисков для здоровь

Solution-Processable Donor-Acceptor-Donor Oligomers with Cross-Linkable Functionality

Electron-acceptor units, combined with bithiophene substituted with flexible chains end-functionalized with cross-linkable moieties, provide soluble donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) it-conjugated oligomer-type molecules with cross-linking ability and broad absorption in the visible spectrum. A study on the cross-linking conditions of the new oligomers to yield insoluble polymer networks is presented, including conditions for obtaining polymer films over poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-covered substrates. The combination of the DAD molecular design and cross-linking functionality opens prospects for applications in solution-processed small-molecule solar cells with morphologically-stable organic layers

Characteristics of working conditions and the influence of production factors on the workers of the copper smelter production of JSC Uralelectromed

The purpose of the study is to characterize the working conditions of workers in the copper-smelting production of OAO Uralelectromed, as well as to identify occupational pathology that has developed as a result of the influence of harmful and dangerous factors.Цель исследования – составить характеристику условий труда рабочих медеплавильного производства ОАО «Уралэлектромедь», а также выявить профессиональную патологию, развившуюся в результате влияния вредных и опасных факторов

Features of nutrition and physical activity in the conditions of distance learning UGMU

The article highlights the results of studying the actual nutrition of full-time medical university students in the conditions of a distance form of the educational processВ статье освещены результаты изучения фактического питания и физической активности студентов медицинского университета очной формы обучения в условиях дистанционной формы проведения образовательного процесс