Tanning Melanotan Jabs and Nasal Spray: Safe or Not?

Cultural values among young population are focused on the concept of skin tanning as a perception of health and attractiveness. This has populated the development of using synthetic tanning agents especially with the advertisement coming from the social media. Synthetic tanning agents in forms of nasal spray or injections have gained publicity of use within society through the web and other uncontrolled sourcing routes. Warnings have been issued by UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, and Irish Medicines Board against the use of subcutaneous injections labelled as Melanotan, after the upsurge in consuming tanning injections that has noticed in recent years

Biologics in the Management of Sever Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, it is presented with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes that can alter by severity, age, and ethnic background. The chronic nature of AD necessitates safer, and newer treatment that is effective in improving quality of life [1]. A new era of therapeutics is in innovation phase including Biologic treatment and it is essential to provide a comprehensive understanding of this modality of treatment. Hence, this review presents an overview of up to date biologics that are approved or are in development for the treatment of AD

A literature review of the Janus kinase inhibitors used in the treatment of auto-immune dermatological conditions

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Archives of Pharmacy Practice. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.51847/RHmIzdv54FThe signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) families and Janus kinase group (JAK) are important intracellular signalling components that affect more than 50 cytokines and growth elements. JAK inhibitors target distinct receptor-associated kinases, inhibiting the activation of inflammatory signals. With the expanding body of evidence supporting the use of targeted medicines, numerous JAK inhibitors, both topical and systemic, have been tested in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, with varying mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and safety. The efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors used to treat inflammatory and atopic skin diseases are examined in this review study. Their application in the mentioned fields has been characterized by some excellent clinical responses, but wide variability in responses and some serious and even life-threatening side effects. While JAK inhibitors are now beneficial to many patients, further study is needed to better understand this complicated mechanism to improve treatment outcomes and minimize side effects.Published versio

Pathogenesis and A Practical Guide to the Management of Steven-Johnson Syndrome & Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal necrolysis are rare dermatological emergencies that are associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality [1]. They are considered to be severe blistering conditions that portray an image of diffuse epidermal necrolysis in association with sloughing of the skin. SJS and TEN are effectively the same disease with the main difference being the percentage of body surface area involved. It is widely accepted that SJS belongs to the below 10% body surface area category and TEN to the more than 30% category. A Steven Johnson syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis overlap exists when the body surface area affected is between 10 percent and 30 percent [2]. The causes of both conditions within this spectrum are most likely drug related, however certain infections can also trigger SJS/TEN but this is less likely. In a substantial number of cases the cause is idiopathic [3]. The main grading system is the SCORTEN criteria, which can also provide more information regarding prognosis and mortality [4]. Management of this condition is highly controversial with no clear guidelines but there is a wide agreement that patients should be managed in a burns unit with intravenous fluids and protection from secondary infections. Stopping all medications and investigating for the cause is important unless there is clear benefit from any single medication