Risk Assessment Approaches in Banking Sector –A Survey

Prediction analysis is a method that makes predictions based on the data currently available. Bank loans come with a lot of risks to both the bank and the borrowers. One of the most exciting and important areas of research is data mining, which aims to extract information from vast amounts of accumulated data sets. The loan process is one of the key processes for the banking industry, and this paper examines various prior studies that used data mining techniques to extract all served entities and attributes necessary for analytical purposes, categorize these attributes, and forecast the future of their business using historical data, using a model, banks\u27 business, and strategic goals

Topology Analysis Reveals Supramolecular Organisation of 96 Large Complex Ions into one Geometrical Object

It is shown that the highly complex crystal structure of [Ag(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine)2]NO3·1/2H2O, 1, with 12 symmetry-independent Ag+ ions and 96 units of complex ions in a unit cell can be understood by the ubiquitous srs topology, reducing thousands of atom positions into a single geometrical object in one go

Characterization of the ABC methionine transporter from Neisseria meningitidis reveals that MetQ is a lipoprotein

NmMetQ is a substrate binding protein (SBP) from Neisseria meningitidis that has been identified as a surface-exposed candidate antigen for meningococcal vaccines. However, this location for NmMetQ challenges the prevailing view that SBPs in Gram-negative bacteria are localized to the periplasmic space to promote interaction with their cognate ABC transporter embedded in the bacterial inner membrane. To address the roles of NmMetQ, we characterized NmMetQ with and without its cognate ABC transporter (NmMetNI). Here, we show that NmMetQ is a lipoprotein (lipo-NmMetQ) that binds multiple methionine analogs and stimulates the ATPase activity of NmMetNI. Using single-particle electron cryo-microscopy, we determined the structures of NmMetNI in the absence and presence of lipo-NmMetQ. Based on our data, we propose that NmMetQ tethers to membranes via a lipid anchor and has dual function/topology, playing a role in NmMetNI-mediated transport at the inner-membrane in addition to moonlighting functions on the bacterial surface

New Triazoloquinoxaline Ligand and its Polymeric 1D Silver(I) complex Synthesis, Structure, and Antimicrobial activity

The organic ligand 4-Benzyl-1-(N,N-dimethylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3a]quinoxaline 1 (L) and its polymeric silver(I) complex, [Ag2L(NO3)2]n (2), have been synthesized and characterized. The organic ligand 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P¯1. The unit cell contains two parallel-stacked molecules. The complex [Ag2L(NO3)2]n (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The structure contains two different silver(I) ions. Ag(2) is coordinated by three oxygens (involving two nitrate groups) and to a nitrogen of the triazole ring of 1. These ligands form a strongly distorted tetrahedral, nearly planar coordination sphere. Ag(1) has an approximately tetrahedral geometry. It is bonded to one oxygen of a nitrate anion and a nitrogen of two different L; this aspect giving rise to an infinite chain structure. A final bond to Ag(1) involves the carbon of a phenyl group. It is more weakly bonded to the phenyl carbons on either side of this, so that the Ag(1)-phenyl bonding has aspects of an Ag-allyl bond. Ag(1) and Ag(2) participate in bonding to a common nitrate anion and alternate, the two distinct modes of bridging between them lead to a zig-zag chain structure. In addition to spectroscopic studies, the biological activities of the ligand and of the complex were scanned over a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative flesh- and bone-eating bacteria. The results are discussed in comparison with well-known antibiotics

Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activity of new Co(II) complex with bis-morpholino/benzoimidazole -s-triazine Ligand

Funding: The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP2023R64), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.A new Co(II) perchlorate complex of the bis-morpholino/benzoimidazole-s-triazine ligand, 4,4′-(6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)dimorpholine ( BMBIT ), was synthesized and characterized. The structure of the new Co(II) complex was approved to be [Co(BMBIT)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Co(II) complex was found crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system and P21/c space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 22.21971(11) Å, b = 8.86743(4) Å, c = 24.38673(12) Å and β = 113.4401(6)°. This heteroleptic complex has distorted octahedral coordination geometry with two monodenatate BMBIT ligand units via the benzoimidazole N-atom and four water molecules as monodentate ligands. The hydration water and perchlorate ions participated significantly in the supramolecular structure of the [Co( BMBIT )2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O complex. Analysis of dnorm map and a fingerprint plot indicated the importance of O···H, N···H, C···H, C···O, C···N and H···H contacts. Their percentages are 27.5, 7.9, 14.0, 0.9, 2.8 and 43.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of some harmful microbes towards the studied compounds was investigated. The Co(II) complex has good antifungal activity compared to the free BMBIT which has no antifungal activity. The Co(II) complex has good activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. vulgaris and E. coli while the free BMBIT ligand has limited activity only towards B. subtilis and P. vulgaris. Hence, the [Co( BMBIT )2(H2O)4](ClO4)2*H2O complex has broad spectrum antimicrobial action compared to the free BMBIT ligand.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Detection of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence supports the notion that the onset of tumorigenesis could occur through cancer stem cells (CSCs). These tumour cells show low proliferative rates, high self-renewal capacity, propensity to differentiate into active proliferating tumour cells & resistance to chemoradiotherapy thus, possibly causing local recurrences & metastasis formation. CD44 has been used as a marker to isolate CSCs from colorectal carcinoma (CRC).AIM: To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of cancer stem cells marker (CD44) in CRC and correlate its expression with the clinicopathological aspects, TNM staging and modified Dukes’ classification.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumour biopsies from colectomy specimens of 60 patients with CRC were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological evaluation then immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against CD44 which was detected in term of negative or positive expression.RESULTS: CD44 was demonstrated in 58.3% (35/60) of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with tumour site and histological type (p-value < 0.05). However, CD44 showed statistically insignificant inverse correlation with tumour invasiveness (T), lymph node status (N), grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes’ classification, while it was directly correlated with distant metastasis (M) (p-value > 0.05). Chi-square /Fisher exact test proportion independence and the p-value are set significant at 0.05 level.CONCLUSION: the CD44 rate of expression is higher in the colon than rectum and in adenocarcinoma than mucinous and undifferentiated carcinoma. CD44 showed statistically insignificant relation with T, N, M, grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes’ classification

Federated Learning for Breast Density Classification: A Real-World Implementation

Building robust deep learning-based models requires large quantities of diverse training data. In this study, we investigate the use of federated learning (FL) to build medical imaging classification models in a real-world collaborative setting. Seven clinical institutions from across the world joined this FL effort to train a model for breast density classification based on Breast Imaging, Reporting & Data System (BI-RADS). We show that despite substantial differences among the datasets from all sites (mammography system, class distribution, and data set size) and without centralizing data, we can successfully train AI models in federation. The results show that models trained using FL perform 6.3% on average better than their counterparts trained on an institute's local data alone. Furthermore, we show a 45.8% relative improvement in the models' generalizability when evaluated on the other participating sites' testing data.Comment: Accepted at the 1st MICCAI Workshop on "Distributed And Collaborative Learning"; add citation to Fig. 1 & 2 and update Fig.

Connaissances et attitudes du consommateur Egyptien et Français envers les Aliments Génétiquement Modifiés sur le marchés (Étude comparative)<br />معارف واتجاهات المستهلك المصرى والفرنسى بتواجد الاغذيه المحورة وراثيا فى الاسواق (دراسة مقارنه) ا

« Cette thèse a été réalisée au cours d'une mission en France en 2000-2001, grâce à l'aide méthodologique, pour l'enquête qualitative, du Professeur Dominique Desjeux, anthropologue, professeur à la Sorbonne, Université Paris Descartes. »This research aimed to study the knowledge and attitudes of Egyptian and French consumer towards the genetically modified foods, also it aimed at studying the relationship between the family resources and the genetic modification in foods. Data collected by using a questionnaire through personal interviews from a random sample of 300 consumers from the middle district area of Alexandria in Arabic Republic of Egypt, and Garge les Gonesse area, small city lies at the north of Paris in the Republic of France. The statistical program S.P.S.S. was used in data analysis. The study indicated the following results:-The low level of respondents' knowledge in Alexandria sample. Television and press were the most common source of information on the genetically modified foods. The level of respondent's opinion towards the GMF in Garges Les Gonesse was negative while it was positive in Alexandrie The respondents' attitudes towards the programs diffused by media; which concern of food safety was negative in Alex while it was positive attitudes towards the food safety programs presented in media in Garges Les Gonesse. Both respondents in Alex and Garges Les Gonesse had a positively significant attitude towards the press and its role in informing the readers with the Genetic Modification and Genetic Engineering. However, most of respondents in Alex and about one- third of Garges Les Gonesse sample had a negative attitude towards what is presented by media in general in the genetic modification field. More than one- third of respondent in Garges had a positive attitude towards what is presented by media in the genetic modification field.Most of respondents in Alex and less than one- third in Garges had a negative significant attitude towards news programs and its information about food consumption field. More than half of respondents in Alex consider the women programs did not present information about consumer protection. The level of attitude toward the inefficient role of the organizations and consumer protection associations was positive in Alexandrie While, it was negative at Garges Les Gonesse. It also found that the respondents in Alex had a negative attitude towards information distributed by consumer protection organizations & associations. While it was positive in Garges Les Gonesse The level of attitude towards the acceptance of consuming genetically modified vegetables was positive, and, it was negative for G. M. fruits in Alexandrie While it was negative for both : G.M. vegetables and fruits in Garges Les Gonesse. Nearly one-half of both two samples had a negative attitude towards the application of transgenic system in animal and agricultural production field. For the methods and means that respondents need to get information about the genetically modified foods GMF, it found that TV and press are the most appropriate way to get information in both studied area. Only about one- four of respondents in Garges prefer debates.The study showed that there is a positive and negative effect of the genetic modification on the family resources.Résumé Cette recherche vise à faire un dossier documentaire et enquête quantitative exploratoire sur les organismes génétiquement modifiés OGM dans l'alimentation ; à partir de la constitution d'un dossier de presse comprenant des articles depuis au moins d'année 1998, dans des revues et journaux. Egalement vise à faire ressortir les enjeux sociaux, économiques et géopolitiques des Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés (OGM) en fonction des intérêts en présence des pays développés et à l'intérieur (France), ceux qui sont producteur et qui ne sont pas producteur. Des pays sous développés ceux des producteurs, ceux des consommateurs. Ainsi, une étude quantitative exploratoire autour la connaissance et la tendance du consommateur égyptien et français vers les Organisme Génétiquement Modifiés, (OGM) dans l'alimentation. Les données recueillies par entretiens individuels à partir d'un questionnaire- en langue arabe et d'autre en langue français- à remplir exclusivement par les consommateurs. Un échantillon de 300 consommateurs dont 150 participants de chaque région ont participé à cet enquête, de la zone centre d'Alexandrie en République Arabe d'Égypte, et de Garges Les Gonesse banlieue de Paris (Val d'Oise 95), France. Le programme statistique S.P.S.S. a été utilisé pour analyser les données. L'étude a révélé les résultats suivants: Le faible niveau des connaissances chez les participants d'Alexandrie, (11,3%, 30,7%) des marié participants et (20,7%, 50,7%) des participants parmi eux (16,7%, 36,0%) de femme participantes contre (4,0%, 14,7%) des hommes participants ont un niveau élevé de connaissance sur les OGM en Alexandrie et Garges Les Gonesse respectivement. Tandis que La télévision et la presse ont été la source la plus commune de l'information sur les aliments génétiquement modifiés. (26%, 40,7%) de femme participants également (2,7%, 15,3%) de participants moins de 30 ans ont une attitude négative vers les OGM dans l'ensemble d'Alexandrie et Garges Les Gonesse respectivement. En Alexandrie, l'aptitude à consommer des légumes et fruits génétiquement modifiés a été positif ; (60,7%, 36,7%) des participants ont prêt de consommer des légumes « si la qualité est améliorée » et des fruits GM « si le goût est meilleur ».A Garges Les Gonesse, (16%,14%) de participants acceptent à consommer des légumes et fruits génétiquement modifiés. La tendance des participants à l'égard des programmes diffusés par les médias, qui concernent la sécurité sanitaire des aliments été négative en Alexandrie, tandis qu'il est positives envers les programmes de sécurité alimentaire présenté dans les médias chez les participants à Garges Les Gonesse. Les deux ensembles de participants en Alexandrie et Garges Les Gonesse avaient une tendance positive vers la presse et son rôle en informant les lecteurs sur la modification génétique et le génie génétique. Cependant, la plupart des personnes interrogées en Alexandrie et environ un tiers de participants à Garges Les Gonesse avaient une attitude négative envers ce qui est présenté par les médias en général dans le domaine de la modification génétique. Plus d'un tiers des participants à Garges Les Gonesse ont une attitude positive face à ce qui est présenté par les médias au sujet de la modification génétique. La plupart des participants d'Alexandrie et moins d'un tiers à Garges Les Gonesse avaient une tendance négative vers les émissions et ses informations sur la consommation alimentaire. Plus de la moitié des participants d'Alexandrie ont déclaré que les programmes de la femme ne présentent pas d'informations sur la protection des consommateurs. La tendance à l'égard de l'inefficacité du rôle des organisations et des associations de protection du consommateur a été positive en Alexandrie Alors que, il a été négatif à Garges Les Gonesse. Il a également constaté que les participants d'Alexandrie avaient une attitude négative envers les informations diffusées par les organisations et des associations de protection du consommateur. Mais elle été positif à Garges Les Gonesse.Près de la moitié de l'ensemble des deux échantillons ont une attitude négative envers l'application du système transgénique pour les animaux et le domaine de la production agricole. la majorité de sondé préfèrent l'étiquetage pour pouvoir connaitre la composition et les ingrédients sur l'emballage. Pour les méthodes et les moyens que les participants ont besoin pour obtenir des informations sur les aliments génétiquement modifiés AGM, il a constaté que les chaînes de télévision et de la presse sont les moyens les plus approprié pour obtenir des informations à la fois dans la zone étudiée. Seulement des participants interrogés à Garges Les Gonesse préfèrent le débat et la table ronde. Le débat sur les Plantes Génétiquement Modifiés PGM est complexe et suscite des inquiétudes sur plusieurs aspects imbriqués. Il s'agit de savoir si leur consommation est dangereuse pour la santé humaine, et si les plantes transgénique, en entrant dans la chaine alimentaire, risquent de nuire à des organismes innocents. Les questions éthiques, légales ou sociales représentent des défis. La question se pose aussi du risque de pollution génétique c'est-à-dire de la dissémination des transgènes dans les espèces sauvages avec la perspective d'une perturbation de la diversité génétique des écosystèmes. Le dernier sujet d'inquiétude, le principal aux yeux de certains, est la mondialisation : le risque que quelques grandes firmes contrôlent les moyens de production alimentaire exploitent les agriculteurs pauvres en leur vendant des semences brevetées et très coûteuse et pillent les gènes du tiers-monde. Dans le même contexte, le public ou bien la famille doit avoir accès à l'information et s'engager dans un débat ouvert à propos de l'impact que pourrait avoir sur leurs vies la recherche sur le génome, et faire ses choix en connaissance de cause.En bref, Au sujet de risque éventuelle pour la santé familiale liée à la présence des OGM l'étude a montré qu'il existe un effet positif et négatif de la modification génétique sur les ressources familiales. الموجز باللغه العربية الموجزإستهدف هذا البحث دراسة معارف وإتجاهات المستهلك نحو الأغذية المحورة وراثيا وكذلك ممارسات المستهلك المختلفة وأيضا العلاقة بين الأغذية المحورة وراثيا وموارد الأسرة المختلفة . وقد تم تجميع البيانات بإستخدام الإستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية من عينة عشوائية بلغ حجمها (300) مبحوث من أحد مناطق مدينة Garges Les Gonesseالفرنسية بإحدى ضواحى باريس ومنطقة حى وسط بالإسكندرية .وقد إستخدم البرنامج الإحصائى S.P.S.S. فى تحليل البيانات . وقد أسفرت الدراسة عن أهم النتائج التالية: إنخفاض المستوى المعرفى للمبحوثين بالإسكندرية عن الأغذية المحورة وراثيا عن المبحوثين فى Garges Les Gonesse وكان التليفزيون والصحف أكثر مصادر المعلومات عن الأغذية المحورة وراثيا يليها الراديو ثم الأصدقاء وزملاء العمل . وكان مستوى إتجاهات المبحوثين سلبيا نحو الأغذية المحورة وراثيا فى Garges Les Gonesse وإيجابيا فى الإسكندرية .وفى منطقة البحث بالإسكندرية كان إتجاه المبحوثين سلبى نحو البرامج التى تقدم فى وسائل الاعلام المختلفة وتهتم بالأمن الغذائى ويرون أنها لاتقدم ما يهم المستهلك. كما تبين عدم فعالية دور المنظمات والجمعيات المهتمة بالمستهلك فى الاسكندرية مقارنة بمنطقة البحث فى Garges Les Gonesse وكان إتجاههم سلبيا نحو الجمعيات المهتمة بالمستهلك . وكان إتجاههم سلبيا نحو تقبل الفاكهة المحورة وراثيا بينما كان إيجابيا نحو تقبل الخضروات المحورة بشرط الجودة الأفضل فى مقابل الإتجاه السلبى لتقبل المبحوثين فى Garges Les Gonesse الخضروات والفاكهة المحورة وراثيا. وكان الإتجاه سلبيا لكلا من العينتين البحثيتين نحو تطبيق نظام النقل الجينى فى مجال الإنتاج الحيوانى والإنتاج الزراعى الغذائى .بالنسبة لممارسات المبحوثين الشرائية وجد إنهم يهتمون بقراءة تاريخ الصلاحية والبيانات المدونة على البطاقة الإرشادية إلا أن نسبة كبيرة منهم لايفهم ما هو مدون على العبوة .وكانت الوسيلة المفضلة للحصول على معلومات عن التحوير الوراثى فى الأغذية هى التليفزيون ثم الصحف أما من يفضل المعرفة من خلال حضور الإجتماعات والمناظرات عن هذا الموضوع فكانت نسبتهم (6.0%) فى الإسكندرية فى مقابل ( 48.0 %) فى Garges Les Gonesse وتماثلت نسبة من يفضلون المعرفة من خلال الندوات (14.0%) لكلا من العينتين البحثيتين .كما إتضح وجود تأثيرات إيجابية وسلبية على موارد الأسرة المختلفة الطبيعية كالأرض والنباتات والحيوانات المزرعية والأسماك والحشرات النافعة والمناخ وعلى موارد الأسرة البشرية –متمثلة فى المستهلك – من وجود جينات مقاومة للمضادات الحيوية ووجود جينات من هرمون النمو البشرى فى السلسلة الغذائية ووجود مخاطر من الإصابة بأمراض الحساسية وتأثير إيجابى وسلبى على موارد الأسرة المادية متمثلة فى الوقت والطاقة البشرية والسوق وتسهيلات الشراء وطرق التخزين وسعر المنتج والخدمات المجتمعية

Uric acid in the pathogenesis of metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases: A review

The association between uric acid (UA) on one side and systemic hypertension (Htn), dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, overweight, fatty liver, renal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the other side is well recognized. However, the causal relationship between UA and these different clinical problems is still debatable. The recent years have witnessed hundreds of experimental and clinical trials that favored the opinion that UA is a probable player in the pathogenesis of these disease entities. These studies disclosed the strong association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, Htn, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertriglyceridemia, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and increased mortality among cardiac and CKD patients. The association between UA and nephrolithiasis or preeclampsia is a non-debatable association. Recent experimental trials have disclosed different changes in enzyme activities induced by UA. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase, adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK), adenosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (AMPD), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase are affected by UA. These changes in enzymatic activities can lead to the observed biochemical and pathological changes associated with UA. The recent experimental, clinical, interventional, and epidemiologic trials favor the concept of a causative role of UA in the pathogenesis of MS, renal, and CVDs

Is Fibroblast growth factor 23 the leading cause of increased mortality among chronic kidney disease patients? A narrative review

The death rate among chronic kidney disease patients is the highest compared to other chronic diseases. 60% of these fatalities are cardiovascular. Cardiovascular calcifications and chronic inflammation affect almost all chronic kidney disease patients and are associated with cardiovascular mortality. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is associated with vascular calcification. Systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease patients is multifactorial. The role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification was recently reappraised. Fibroblast growth factor 23 was accused as a direct stimulus of left ventricular hypertrophy, uremic inflammation, and impaired neutrophil function. This review will discuss the underlying mechanisms that underlie the link between Fibroblast growth factor 23 and increased mortality encountered among chronic kidney disease patients