Performance Evaluation of Two ANFIS Models for Predicting Water Quality Index of River Satluj (India)

Water quality index is the most convenient way of communicating water quality status of water bodies, but its evaluation requires subjectivity in terms of user involvement and dealing with uncertainty. Recently, artificial intelligence algorithms that are appropriate for nonlinear forecasting and also dealing with uncertainties have been applied to various domains of water quality forecasting. This paper focuses on development of a data-driven adaptive neurofuzzy system for the water quality index using a real data set obtained from eight different monitoring stations across River Satluj in northern India. Novelty in the paper lies in the estimation of water quality index using two different clustering techniques: fuzzy C-means and subtractive clustering-based ANFIS and assessing their predictive accuracy. Each model was used to train, validate, and test the index that was obtained from seven water quality parameters including pH, conductivity, chlorides, nitrates, ammonia, and fecal coliforms. The models were evaluated on the basis of statistical performance criteria. Based on the evaluations, it was found that the SC-ANFIS method gave more accurate result as compared to the FCM-ANFIS. The tested model, SC-ANFIS model, was further used to identify those sensitive parameters across various monitoring stations that were capable of causing change in the existing water quality index value

Hybrid Taguchi-GRA-CRITIC Optimization Method for Multi-Response Optimization of Micro-EDM Drilling Process Parameters

In this study, an attempt is made to investigate how the operational parameters such as capacitance, voltage, feed rate, and rotating speed affect the material removal rate, tool wear, overcut, and taper angle for micro-EDM drilling of aluminium 6061 utilizing brass C360 electrode. A novel Taguchi-GRA-CRITIC hybrid optimization methodology is used to obtain the optimal combination of micro-EDM drilling process parameters. The experiment was designed using the Taguchi L18 orthogonal array, and responses were recorded for each experiment. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is applied to improve the multi-response of the planned experiment. The weighting values corresponding to various responses are determined using CRITIC (criterion importance through intercriteria correlation) analysis. The hybrid methodology determines the best combination of process parameters for different responses. ANOVA was used to discover the most critical parameters. Finally, confirmation experiments were conducted with optimal parameters to identify improvement in grey relational grade over the initial parameters. The study\u27s findings indicate that, compared to the initial process parameter setting, the grey relational grade (GRG) increased by 92.36% with the optimal parameter setting

Bioactive Natural Products from Plants and Biotechnological Approaches for their Production

Bioactive natural products are economically important as drugs, fragrances, pigments, food additives and pesticides. The biotechnological tools are important to select, multiply, improve and analyze medicinal plants for production of such products. The utilization of medicinal plant cells for the production of natural or recombinant compounds of commercial interest has gained increasing attention over the past decades. Plant tissue culture systems are possible source of valuable medicinal compounds, fragrances and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. In vitro production of bioactive natural products in plant cell suspension culture has been reported from various medicinal plants and bioreactors are the key step towards commercial production. Genetic transformation is a powerful tool for enhancing the productivity of novel products; especially by Agrobacterium tumefacians. Combinatorial biosynthesis is another approach in the generation of novel natural products and for the production of rare and expensive natural products. Recent advances in the molecular biology, enzymology and bioreactor technology of plant cell culture suggest that these systems may become a viable source of important secondary metabolites. Genetic fingerprinting could be a powerful tool in the field of medicinal plants to be used for correct germplasm identification. In addition, when linked to emerging tools such as metabolomics and proteomics, providing fingerprints of the plant's metabolites or protein composition, it gives data on phenotypic variation, caused by growth conditions or environmental factors, and also yield data on the genes involved in the biosynthesis. DNA profiling techniques like DNA microarrays serve as suitable high throughput tools for the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes and analysis of gene expression that becomes necessary for providing clues about regulatory mechanisms, biochemical pathways and broader cellular functions. New and powerful tools in functional genomics can be used in combination with metabolomics to elucidate biosynthetic pathways of natural products

Deciphering conversational complexity around a diabetic patient in a web based forum

Web based conversational forums have gained momentum as an aid to clinical decision making. This paper, written in an empirical explanatory manner, attempts to understand the flow of information and the process of sense-making in one such forum (Tabula-rasa) through considering a prototype discussion among participants

Molecular Cloning of Phytase Gene from Bacillus subtilis NCIM-2712

Phytases are enzymes which hydrolyze phytate. Bacillus species are known to produce a thermostable phytase. The Bacillus subtilis strain NCIM-2712 was chosen for cloning of phy gene. Primers were designed for phy gene amplification using the phy gene sequence of B. subtilis (AF298179). A sequence of 1059 bp characteristic of phy gene was obtained on PCR amplification. This gene was cloned into InsT/A cloning vector and the positive clones were confirmed by colony PCR with gene specific primers and restriction digestion. Phytase is a promising candidate for feed applications. The cloned gene obtained in this study will have potential for producing recombinant enzyme, which would enhance the feed quality for poultry and piggery by supplementing it in their diets

Molecular Characterization and Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis of Phytases from Fungi with Their Prospective Applications

Plant seeds that have high phytate content are used as animal feed. Phytases, enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of phytate into inorganic phosphorus and myoinositol phosphate derivatives, have been intensively studied in recent years and gained immense attention because of their application in reducing phytate content in animal feed and food for human consumption, thus indirectly lowering environmental pollution caused by undigested phytate. This review is focused on summarising the current knowledge on recent developments of fungal and yeast phytases. Comparative account on diverse sources and physiological roles, molecular characteristics and regulation mechanisms of phytases are discussed. Phylogenetic relationship of phytases from different classes of fungi is studied in details. It is inferred on the basis of phylogeny that phytases from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes differ in the amino acid sequences, therefore they fall in separate clade in the tree. The prospective biotechnological applications of microbial phytases such as animal feed additives, probiotics, pharmaceuticals, as well as in aquaculture, food industry, paper manufacturing, development of transgenic plants and animals with special reference to its use as biofertilizers are also emphasised in this review

Molekularne značajke, komparativna filogenetska analiza i moguća primjena fitaza iz plijesni

Plant seeds that have high phytate content are used as animal feed. Phytases, enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of phytate into inorganic phosphorus and myoinositol phosphate derivatives, have been intensively studied in recent years and gained immense attention because of their application in reducing phytate content in animal feed and food for human consumption, thus indirectly lowering environmental pollution caused by undigested phytate. This review is focused on summarising the current knowledge on recent developments of fungal and yeast phytases. Comparative account on diverse sources and physiological roles, molecular characteristics and regulation mechanisms of phytases are discussed. Phylogenetic relationship of phytases from different classes of fungi is studied in details. It is inferred on the basis of phylogeny that phytases from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes differ in the amino acid sequences, therefore they fall in separate clade in the tree. The prospective biotechnological applications of microbial phytases such as animal feed additives, probiotics, pharmaceuticals, as well as in aquaculture, food industry, paper manufacturing, development of transgenic plants and animals with special reference to its use as biofertilizers are also emphasised in this review.Sjemenke biljaka koje imaju veliki udjel fitata koriste se u proizvodnji stočne hrane. Fitaze su enzimi koji kataliziraju cijepanje fitata na anorganski fosfor i mioinozitol fosfat. U novije su vrijeme privukle pažnju znanstvenika zbog njihove sposobnosti da smanje udjel fitata u hrani, čime se smanjuje zagađenje uzrokovano izlučivanjem nerazgrađenog fitata u okoliš. U ovom je revijalnom prikazu dan pregled novijih spoznaja o značajkama i primjeni fitaza izoliranih iz kvasaca i plijesni. Uspoređeni su načini dobivanja fitaza iz različitih izvora, njihova fiziološka uloga, molekularna svojstva te regulacijski mehanizmi njihova djelovanja. Detaljno su proučeni filogenetski odnosi fitaza izoliranih iz različitih razreda plijesni, te je zaključeno da se fitaze izolirane iz rodova Ascomycetes i Basidioycetes razlikuju u sekvencijama aminokiselina, pa stoga pripadaju različitim granama filogenetskog stabla. U radu je istaknuta mogućnost primjene mikrobnih fitaza u biotehnologiji, kao dodataka stočnoj hrani, probioticima, lijekovima, te u akvakulturi, prehrambenoj industriji, proizvodnji papira, razvoju transgenih biljaka i životinja, s posebnim naglaskom na njihovoj primjeni kao biognojivo

Molekularne značajke, komparativna filogenetska analiza i moguća primjena fitaza iz plijesni

Plant seeds that have high phytate content are used as animal feed. Phytases, enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of phytate into inorganic phosphorus and myoinositol phosphate derivatives, have been intensively studied in recent years and gained immense attention because of their application in reducing phytate content in animal feed and food for human consumption, thus indirectly lowering environmental pollution caused by undigested phytate. This review is focused on summarising the current knowledge on recent developments of fungal and yeast phytases. Comparative account on diverse sources and physiological roles, molecular characteristics and regulation mechanisms of phytases are discussed. Phylogenetic relationship of phytases from different classes of fungi is studied in details. It is inferred on the basis of phylogeny that phytases from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes differ in the amino acid sequences, therefore they fall in separate clade in the tree. The prospective biotechnological applications of microbial phytases such as animal feed additives, probiotics, pharmaceuticals, as well as in aquaculture, food industry, paper manufacturing, development of transgenic plants and animals with special reference to its use as biofertilizers are also emphasised in this review.Sjemenke biljaka koje imaju veliki udjel fitata koriste se u proizvodnji stočne hrane. Fitaze su enzimi koji kataliziraju cijepanje fitata na anorganski fosfor i mioinozitol fosfat. U novije su vrijeme privukle pažnju znanstvenika zbog njihove sposobnosti da smanje udjel fitata u hrani, čime se smanjuje zagađenje uzrokovano izlučivanjem nerazgrađenog fitata u okoliš. U ovom je revijalnom prikazu dan pregled novijih spoznaja o značajkama i primjeni fitaza izoliranih iz kvasaca i plijesni. Uspoređeni su načini dobivanja fitaza iz različitih izvora, njihova fiziološka uloga, molekularna svojstva te regulacijski mehanizmi njihova djelovanja. Detaljno su proučeni filogenetski odnosi fitaza izoliranih iz različitih razreda plijesni, te je zaključeno da se fitaze izolirane iz rodova Ascomycetes i Basidioycetes razlikuju u sekvencijama aminokiselina, pa stoga pripadaju različitim granama filogenetskog stabla. U radu je istaknuta mogućnost primjene mikrobnih fitaza u biotehnologiji, kao dodataka stočnoj hrani, probioticima, lijekovima, te u akvakulturi, prehrambenoj industriji, proizvodnji papira, razvoju transgenih biljaka i životinja, s posebnim naglaskom na njihovoj primjeni kao biognojivo

<i style="">In vitro</i> propagation of <i style="">Pterocarpus marsupium</i> Roxb.: An endangered medicinal tree

422-425Nodal segments of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. were inoculated on seven different media compositions, viz. MS, B5 and White’s without growth hormones (MS00 , B500 and WH00), each supplemented with 3.0 mg l-1 BAP and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA (MSBN, B5BN, WHBN) and MS media supplemented with 0.2 mg l-1 IBA (MSIB). Seed germination improved in all the media studied, however, MS combinations were the best (95-100%). Maximum number of shoot induction per explant was in MS00 (3.25) followed by MSIB (2.26). Maximum nodes per shootlet were observed in medium MSIB (4.95), while shoot length was maximum in MSIB (2.92 cm) followed by MS00 (2.41). Regenerated plants were acclimatized and successfully transferred under field conditions

Effects of genotype and culture medium on <i style="">in vitro</i> androgenesis in soybean (<i style="">Glycine</i> <i style="">max</i> Merr.)

441-444Anthers of ten genotypes of Glycine max were cultured on four fortified B5 media supplemented with different levels of growth hormones, viz. B5 DBIG (2.0 mg l-1 2,4-D+0.5 mg l-1 IBA+100.0 mg l-1 myo-Inositol+360.0 mg l-1 L-glutamine), B5 DB (2.0 mg l-1 2,4-D+0.5 mg l-1 BA), B5DK (2.0 mg l-1 2,4-D+0.5 mg l-1 Kinetin) and B5BKN (0.5 mg l-1 BA+0.5 mg l-1 Kinetin+1.0 mg l-1 NAA). All the media were supplemented with 90.0 g l-1 sucrose and 7.0 g l-1 agar. Significant differences in the response of genotypes, culture medium and genotype x medium interactions were observed for callus initiation, formation of morphogenic calli and plantlet regeneration. Genotype JS 90-41was found superior for in vitro androgenesis. Culture medium B5DBIG exhibited higher response for androgenic callus formation and haploid plant regeneration