48 research outputs found
Seasonal Water "Pump" in the Atmosphere of Mars: Vertical Transport to the Thermosphere
We present results of simulations with the Max Planck Institute general
circulation model (MPI-MGCM) implementing a hydrological cycle scheme. The
simulations reveal a seasonal water "pump" mechanism responsible for the upward
transport of water vapor. This mechanism occurs in high latitudes above
60 of the southern hemisphere at perihelion, when the upward branch of
the meridional circulation is particularly strong. A combination of the mean
vertical flux with variations induced by solar tides facilitates penetration of
water across the "bottleneck" at approximately 60 km. The meridional
circulation then transports water across the globe to the northern hemisphere.
Since the intensity of the meridional cell is tightly controlled by airborne
dust, the water abundance in the thermosphere strongly increases during dust
storms.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
The peculiarities of halogens adsorption on A3B5(001) surface
Theoretical study of the F, Cl, Br, I adsorption on GaAs(001) surface is presented. The most stable configurations of halogens on Ga-rich ζ-(4×2) reconstruction are determined with increasing of adatoms concentration. The bonds weakening is found more significant for the F and Cl atoms which can induce stationary etching whereas I-induced changes in Ga-As binding energy is not sizable and its adsorption lead to the surface passivation
Solid-state active media of tunable organic- compound lasers pumped with a laser. II. A copper vapor laser
Оцифровано в НБ ТГ
Role of UCP1 gene variants in interethnic differences in the development of cardio-metabolic diseases
Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) comprise a cluster of risk factors that contribute to chronic pathological conditions with adverse consequences for cardiovascular function and metabolic processes. A wide range of CMD prevalence rates among different ethnic groups has been documented. In view of accumulated evidence, there is a trend toward increasing CMD prevalence rates in Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Numerous studies have revealed an association between uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene variants and CMDs. UCP1 activity is essential for brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis. Experimental animal studies and epidemiological studies in humans highlight the significance of BAT-mediated thermogenesis in protecting against obesity and maintaining a lean phenotype. We hypothesize that the genetic variation in UCP1 gene expression observed among different ethnic groups could contribute to the ethnic-specific predisposition to CMD development. Constructing such prevalence maps of UCP1 gene variants could contribute significantly into identifying high-risk ethnic groups predisposed to the development of CMDs, and further shaping public health policies by the improvement of existing preventive and management strategies
Pharmacological sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake protects against dementia and β-amyloid neurotoxicity
All forms of dementia including Alzheimer's disease are currently incurable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium alterations are shown to be involved in the mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Previously we have described the ability of compound Tg-2112x to protect neurons via sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake and we suggest that it can also be protective against neurodegeneration and development of dementia. Using primary co-culture neurons and astrocytes we studied the effect of Tg-2112x and its derivative Tg-2113x on β-amyloid-induced changes in calcium signal, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial calcium, and cell death. We have found that both compounds had no effect on β-amyloid or acetylcholine-induced calcium changes in the cytosol although Tg2113x, but not Tg2112x reduced glutamate-induced calcium signal. Both compounds were able to reduce mitochondrial calcium uptake and protected cells against β-amyloid-induced mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Behavioral effects of Tg-2113x on learning and memory in fear conditioning were also studied in 3 mouse models of neurodegeneration: aged (16-month-old) C57Bl/6j mice, scopolamine-induced amnesia (3-month-old mice), and 9-month-old 5xFAD mice. It was found that Tg-2113x prevented age-, scopolamine- and cerebral amyloidosis-induced decrease in fear conditioning. In addition, Tg-2113x restored fear extinction of aged mice. Thus, reduction of the mitochondrial calcium uptake protects neurons and astrocytes against β-amyloid-induced cell death and contributes to protection against dementia of different ethology. These compounds could be used as background for the developing of a novel generation of disease-modifying neuroprotective agents
(B-L) Symmetry vs. Neutrino Seesaw
We compute the effective coupling of the Majoron to W bosons at \cO(\hbar)
by evaluating the matrix element of the (B-L) current between the vacuum and a
state. The (B-L) anomaly vanishes, but the amplitude does not vanish
as a result of a UV finite and non-local contribution which is entirely due to
the mixing between left-chiral and right-chiral neutrinos. The result shows how
anomaly-like couplings may arise in spite of the fact that the (B-L) current
remains exactly conserved to all orders in , lending additional support
to our previous proposal to identify the Majoron with the axion.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, with additional explanations and clarification
The unexpected resurgence of Weyl geometry in late 20-th century physics
Weyl's original scale geometry of 1918 ("purely infinitesimal geometry") was
withdrawn by its author from physical theorizing in the early 1920s. It had a
comeback in the last third of the 20th century in different contexts: scalar
tensor theories of gravity, foundations of gravity, foundations of quantum
mechanics, elementary particle physics, and cosmology. It seems that Weyl
geometry continues to offer an open research potential for the foundations of
physics even after the turn to the new millennium.Comment: Completely rewritten conference paper 'Beyond Einstein', Mainz Sep
2008. Preprint ELHC (Epistemology of the LHC) 2017-02, 92 pages, 1 figur
Non-equilibrium electroweak baryogenesis from preheating after inflation
We present a novel scenario for baryogenesis in a hybrid inflation model at
the electroweak scale, in which the Standard Model Higgs field triggers the end
of inflation. One of the conditions for successful baryogenesis, the departure
from thermal equilibrium, is naturally achieved at the stage of preheating
after inflation. The inflaton oscillations induce large occupation numbers for
long-wavelength configurations of Higgs and gauge fields, which leads to a
large rate of sphaleron transitions. We estimate this rate during the first
stages of reheating and evaluate the amount of baryons produced due to a
particular type of higher dimensional CP violating operator. The universe
thermalizes through fermion interactions, at a temperature below critical,
GeV, preventing the wash-out of the produced baryon asymmetry.
Numerical simulations in (1+1) dimensions support our theoretical analysis.Comment: 11 pages, ReVTeX, 16 figures inserted with epsf. Small changes in the
introduction and new reference
The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry
Although the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry remains unknown,
continuing advances in theory and improved experimental limits have ruled out
some scenarios for baryogenesis, for example the sphaleron baryogenesis at the
electroweak phase transition in the standard model. At the same time, the
success of cosmological inflation and the prospects for discovering
supersymmetry at the LHC have put some other models in sharper focus. We review
the current state of our understanding of baryogenesis with the emphasis on
those scenarios that we consider most plausible.Comment: submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics; 38 pages; 9 figure
Experimental signatures of supersymmetric dark-matter Q-balls
Theories with low-energy supersymmetry predict the existence of stable
non-topological solitons, Q-balls, that can contribute to dark matter. We
discuss the experimental signatures, methods of detection, and the present
limits on such dark matter candidates.Comment: final version, to appear in PRL (minor changes in wording and
referencing); 8 pages, late