Belarus and China develop digital economy in regional conditions

The rapid development of the digital economy in recent years has become an important factor influencing the global landscape, and regional economic integration is also a way of cooperation between countries around the world. This article describes various aspects of the benefits of cooperative development between Belarus and China in the conditions of regional economic integration for the digital economy and digital technologies

National economic security in the context of eurasian economic integration

Economic security is an important component of the national economic development system. Defining the issue of economic security of the Eurasian Economic Union in the context of Eurasian economic integration is extremely relevant today. With the development of economic globalization and the popularity of regional economic integration, ensuring economic security in the development process became a problem after the creation of the economic union of the Commonwealth of Independent States. This paper examines the nature of the Eurasian Economic Union's economic security and explores the state of economic security in the conditions of economic integration of the EAEU

Research on the economic security application of energy economy in a low-carbon sustainable development society

Research on the economic security application of energy economy in a low-carbon sustainable development society is an important research field. Its purpose is to explore how to achieve the safe development of the national economy in the context of low-carbon sustainable development, including economic structural adjustment, green technology innovation, resource conservation and recycling, environmental protection, etc. This article explores how to ensure green and sustainable development of energy security and the security risk assessment of green energy economy

Bent paths of a positive streamer and a cathode-directed spark leader in diffuse discharges preionized by runaway electrons

Diffuse discharges preionized by runaway electrons can produce large-area homogeneous discharges at elevated pressures, which is an intriguing phenomenon in the physics of pulsed discharges. In this paper, runaway-electron-preionized diffuse discharge (REP DD) was obtained in a wide pressure range (0.05–0.25 MPa), and under certain conditions a positive streamer and a cathode-directed spark leader could be observed to propagate at some angles to the applied (background) electric field lines. For a 16-mm gap at an air pressure of 0.08–0.1 MPa, the percentage of pulses in which such propagation is observed is about 5%–50% of their total number, and in the other pulses such bent paths could not be observed because there is even no streamer or cathode-directed spark leader in diffuse discharges. In our opinion, such propagation of the positive streamer and the cathode-directed spark leader at some angle to the background electric field lines owes to different increase rates of the electron density in different regions of the discharge volume under REP DD conditions. Therefore, during the formation of a REP DD, the increase of the electron density is inhomogeneous and nonsimultaneous, resulting in an electron density gradient at the ionization wave front

Dynamic Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Arctigenin from Saussurea medusa Maxim

Abstract Dynamic microwave-assisted extraction (DMAE) technique was used for the fast extraction from Saussurea medusa Maxim. In order to achieve the optimal extraction conditions, variables involved in the extraction procedure such as extraction methods, extraction solvents, methanol concentration, ratio of solvent to raw material, extraction time, microwave power and extraction cycles were investigated. Orthogonal L 9 (3) 4 test design in the extraction mode was used for optimization extraction conditions and the maximum content of arctignenin was 10.891 ± 0.003 mg g -1 obtained by once DMAE at 390 W with 50 mL methanol for 20 min. The extraction efficiency of arctigenin with DMAE was higher than other traditional extraction methods

Atmospheric-pressure pulsed discharges and plasmas: mechanism, characteristics and applications

Pulsed discharge plasma and its application is one of the promising directions in civilian areas of pulsed power technology. In order to promote the research and development of the theory and application technology for pulsed discharge plasma, in this paper, recent progress on the mechanism of nanosecond-pulse gas discharge and the characteristics and applications of typical pulsed plasma at the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences is reviewed. Firstly, progress on mechanism of nanosecond-pulse discharge based on runaway electrons and measurement technology of runaway electrons is introduced. Then, the characteristics of three typical discharges, including direct-driven pulsed discharge, pulsed dielectric barrier discharge and pulsed plasma jet, are reviewed. Furthermore, typical plasma applications of pulsed plasma on surface modification and methane conversion are presented

Influences of oxygen content on characteristics of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in argon/oxygen mixtures

The dielectric barrier discharge generated in argon/oxygen mixtures at atmospheric pressure is investigated, and the effect of oxygen content on discharge characteristics at applied voltage of 4.5 kV is studied by means of electrical measurements and optical diagnostics. The results show that the filaments in the discharge regime become more densely packed with the increasing in the oxygen content, and the distribution of the filaments is more uniform in the gap. An increase in the oxygen content results in a decrease in the average power consumed and transported charges, while there exists an optimal value of oxygen content for the production of oxygen radicals. The maximal yield of oxygen radicals is obtained in mixtures of argon with 0.3% oxygen addition, and the oxygen radicals then decrease with the further increase in the oxygen content. The oxygen/argon plasma is employed to modify surface hydrophilicity of the PET films to estimate the influence of oxygen content on the surface treatment, and the static contact angles before and after the treatments are measured. The lowest contact angle is obtained at a 0.3% addition of oxygen to argon, which is in accordance with the optimum oxygen content for oxygen radicals generation. The electron density and electron temperature are estimated from the measured current and optical emission spectroscopy, respectively. The electron density is found to reduce significantly at a higher oxygen content due to the increased electron attachment, while the estimated electron temperature do not change apparently with the oxygen content

Effect of dielectric and conductive targets on plasma jet behaviour and thin film properties

A double layer DBD plasma jet driven by a pulsed generator is used for SiO x thin film deposition. The effects of dielectric and conductive targets on discharge behavior and film properties are analyzed. Different fraction of N2 is added to the working gas (argon) to modulate film growth rate. The electrical property and optical emission of the plasma jet at different positions are characterized. Film surface morphology, composition and thickness are measured for different targets. The excitation temperature (T exc ), vibrational temperature (T vib ) and rotational temperature (T rot ) are calculated. The relationship between the discharge behavior and the film properties is studied. Results show that the relative optical emission intensities of Si, O, Ar and N2, as well as T exc , T vib and T rot are higher for the PMMA target between the high voltage electrode and the grounded electrode (referred to as the H–G region). However, T vib and T rot appear to be higher on the surface of the copper (conductive) target. The morphology of SiO x film is different: nanoparticles are formed on the PMMA (dielectric) target while dense amorphous film is formed on the copper target. With the same depositing parameters, the thickness of the SiO x film is higher on the copper target. The presence of PMMA at the downstream of the plasma can be considered as a small capacitor with a large resistance, which inhibits the current into the primary circuit passing through the H–G region. Although the presence of a dielectric target enhances the discharge in the H–G region, the charge accumulation on the PMMA surface limits the film growth. These results may contribute to the development of next-generation plasma surface modification technologies for diverse applications in electronics, material synthesis and other related areas

Thin insulating film deposition on copper by atmospheric-pressure plasmas

Long-time partial discharge (PD) is regarded as one of the main reasons for the insulation failure of high-voltage cables. In this work, we report on the application of atmospheric pressure plasma to deposit siloxane film on copper to avoid PDs. The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is driven by AC power supply, with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), argon, and oxygen mixture as the source gas. The effect of oxygen gas flow rate on the thin film surface morphology, chemical composition, and electrical properties is studied systematically. Our results show that the stability of the plasma deteriorated, when the oxygen flow rate exceeded 10 sccm. The addition of oxygen in the source gas induced a high oxidation level of deposited thin film. The chemical composition of thin film was in the form of SiOx (x = 1.9) with 10 sccm oxygen compared to SiOx (x = 1.2), when deposited in the absence of oxygen. Additionally, the optimal thin film with good stability was obtained with the surface resistivity 1.1 × 1011 Ω, when deposited in the absence of oxygen. The corresponding relative permittivity of the deposited thin film is 2.9. The simulation results demonstrated that the electric field distortion was weaken after the film deposition, which reduced the probability of PD to occur