Fiber bundle imaging resolution enhancement using deep learning

We propose a deep learning based method to estimate high-resolution images from multiple fiber bundle images. Our approach first aligns raw fiber bundle image sequences with a motion estimation neural network and then applies a 3D convolution neural network to learn a mapping from aligned fiber bundle image sequences to their ground truth images. Evaluations on lens tissue samples and a 1951 USAF resolution target suggest that our proposed method can significantly improve spatial resolution for fiber bundle imaging systems.National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) [R21EB022378]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

An Algorithm for Obtaining Reliable Priors for Constrained-Curve Fits

We introduce the ``Sequential Empirical Bayes Method'', an adaptive constrained-curve fitting procedure for extracting reliable priors. These are then used in standard augmented-chi-square fits on separate data. This better stabilizes fits to lattice QCD overlap-fermion data at very low quark mass where a priori values are not otherwise known. We illustrate the efficacy of the method with data from overlap fermions, on a quenched $16^3\times 28$ lattice with spatial size La=3.2 fm and pion mass as low as $\sim$ 180 MeV.Comment: Lattice2003(machine), 3 pages, 3 figure

Phase unwrapping in optical metrology via denoised and convolutional segmentation networks

The interferometry technique is corn commonly used to obtain the phase information of an object in optical metrology. The obtained wrapped phase is subject to a 27 pi ambiguity. To remove the ambiguity and obtain the correct phase, phase unwrapping is essential. Conventional phase unwrapping approaches are time-consuming and noise sensitive. To address those issues, we propose a new approach, where we transfer the task of phase unwrapping into a multi-class classification problem and introduce an efficient segmentation network to identify classes. Moreover, a noise-to-noise denoised network is integrated to preprocess noisy wrapped phase. We have demonstrated the proposed method with simulated data and in a real interferometric system.China Scholarship Council (CSC) [201704910730]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1455630]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Quenched Chiral Log and Light Quark Mass from Overlap Fermions

We study the quenched chiral behavior of the pion with mass as low as $\approx 180$ MeV. The calculation is done on a quenched lattice of size $16^3\times 28$ and $a = 0.2$ fm with 80 configurations using overlap fermions and an improved gauge action. Using an improved constrained curve fitting technique, we find that the ground state pseudoscalar mass versus bare quark mass behavior is well controlled with small statistical errors; this permits a reliable fit of the quenched chiral log effects, a determination of the chiral log parameter ($\delta = 0.26(3)$), and an estimate of the renormalized mass of the light quark ($m^{\bar{MS}}(\mu=2 {\rm GeV}) = 3.7(3) {\rm MeV}$).Comment: Lattice2002(spectrum), 3 pages, 3 figure

Multimodal imaging of congenital pyriform fossa fistula in children

ObjectiveOur aim was to explore the clinical value of multimodal imaging examinations in the diagnosis of congenital pyriform fossa fistula in children, so as to provide clues for the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital pyriform fossa fistula.MethodsThe clinical and imaging data of 55 children with pyriform fossa fistula diagnosed surgically in our hospital from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. All 55 patients underwent a CT scan. Of those patients, contrast enhancement CT was performed in 47 cases, MRI was performed in 2 cases, and barium esophagography was performed in 41 cases.ResultsAmong the 55 cases, there were 24 male patients and 31 female patients. The age ranged from 11 months to 13 years old, and the median age was 3.8 years old. The lesions of 49 cases (89.1%) were located on the left side, and the imaging of CT showed soft tissue mass in the anterior cervical region blurred boundary. There was ipsilateral thyroid involvement in 50 cases (90.9%), trachea and/or carotid sheath extension in 43 cases (78.2%), abscess formation in 39 cases (70.9%), and pneumatosis in 25 cases (45.5%). The CT examination of 22 children after treatment showed a linear or tubular low-density shadow in the thyroid gland, gas accumulation in the anterior cervical region or thyroid, and residual contrast medium, partly. A total of 24 cases underwent barium esophagography during the acute phase, and 15 cases (62.5%) showed sinus formation from the pyriform fossa downward or punctate high-density shadow in the anterior cervical region. The 2 cases where MRI was performed showed abscess formation in one side of the neck and thyroid involvement.ConclusionPyriform fossa fistula is most common in the left anterior cervical region, and it is closely related to the thyroid gland. The plain and enhanced-contrast CT scan can be used as the first choice during the infection stage. It helps to understand the location, extent, and structure of the surrounding tissue. The preliminary diagnosis of pyriform sinus fistula was according to the imaging features. It provided an important basis for clinical diagnosis and reduced the pain caused by repeated infection or surgical incision and drainage

Impact of thermal processing on dietary flavonoids

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGFlavonoids are widely distributed in natural products and foods as a class of polyphenols. They processed diverse bioactivities, including anti-inflammation activity, antiaging activity, and antioxidant activity. The foods rich in flavonoids are usually consumed after thermal processing. However, flavonoids are commonly vulnerable under thermal processing, and it could cause various influences on their stability and bioactivities. Therefore, in this review, the effects of thermal processing on thermal stability and bioactivities of dietary flavonoids from different food sources were first summarized. The strategies to improve thermal stability of dietary flavonoids were then discussed. Noticeably, the effect of some of the promising thermal technologies on dietary flavonoids was also clarified preliminarily in the current review. The promising thermal technologies may be an alternative to conventional thermal processing technologies.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2020-030365-

Improved Measure of Local Chirality

It is popular to probe the structure of the QCD vacuum indirectly by studying individual fermion eigenmodes, because this provides a natural way to filter out UV fluctuations. The double-peaking in the distribution of the local chiral orientation parameter (X) has been offered as evidence, by some, in support of a particular model of the vacuum. Here we caution that the X-distribution peaking varies significantly with various versions of the definition of X. Furthermore, each distribution varies little from that resulting from a random reshuffling of the left-handed (and independently the right-handed) fields, which destroys any QCD-induced left-right correlation; that is, the double-peaking is mostly a phase-space effect. We propose a new universal definition of the X parameter whose distribution is uniform for randomly reshuffled fields. Any deviations from uniformity for actual data can then be directly attributable to QCD-induced dynamics. We find that the familiar double peak disappears.Comment: Lattice 2004(topology), Fermilab, June 21-26, 2004; 3 pages, 4 figure