Accounting\u27s uses in exploitative human engineering: Theorizing citizenship, indirect rule and Britain\u27s imperial expansion

This historical study starts from the argument that financial economic quantification using accounting concepts and analysis has always been an essential and integral part of effective policies and activities for Britain\u27s empire building. Theories of citizenship are used in particular to examine the close association between accounting and imperial policies during British indirect rule in Fiji. Through an examination of archival data and other relevant source materials, the paper highlights the ways in which accounting helped translate imperial forms of oppression and injustice into everyday work practice. Indirect rule generally required the separation and subordination of the native population as subjects, and their exploitation within imperial hegemonic structures. This research is about a British regime of specific and deliberate power construct through which the indigenous population of subjects were oppressed and excluded from citizenship and from civil society. Focus is on the social, economic and institutional relations that determined a unique pattern of inequality and the way in which accounting was effectively mobilized to serve the aims of British imperialism through indirect rule

Pengintegrasian Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup Membentuk Karakter Peduli Lingkungan di Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to explore the strategy of integrating the environment in shaping the character of environmental care in the Bhayangkara Elementary School. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Techniques of collecting data using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Validity checks data using source triangulation, technique, and time. The results showed that teachers in planning learning include habituation, exemplary and learning while doing. The steps taken by the teacher include: using learning media and environment as a place of learning. Teachers in conducting assessments focus more on affective judgments. Supporting factors such as the performance of teachers, principals and gardeners in guiding students and the existence of learning media that allows students to understand the value of environmental care. Inhibiting factors such as lack of learning time and family role in instilling environmental caring value

Preparation and characterization of lamivudine microcapsules using various cellulose polymers

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate microcapsules for the controlled release of lamivudine using various cellulose polymers Methods: The microcapsules were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The prepared microcapsules were characterized for the percent drug content, entrapment efficiency, FTIR, DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro dissolution studies. Accelerated stability studies were also carried out. Results: The microcapsules were spherical and free flowing. The entrapment efficiency was 76-86%. The release of drug from the microcapsules extended up to 8 to 12 hours. FTIR and DSC thermograms showed the stable character of lamivudine in the microcapsules. SEM revealed that the microcapsules were porous in nature. The release kinetics study revealed that the prepared microcapsules were best fitted to the zero order for F-2, F-4 and F-5 formulations and Higuchi model, for F-1 and F-3 microcepsules Conclusion: The release kinetics data and characteristion studies indicate that drug release from microcapsules was diffusion – controlled and that the micrapsules were stable. Keywords: Lamivudine, cellulose polymers, microcapsules, controlled release, stability. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 (4) 2007: pp. 841-84

Responding to Climate Change: A Study on Eco-Labeling Practices in Consumer Goods of Bangladesh

Eco-labeling is a marketing strategy that comes from inclined environmental awareness in the globalclimate change. The study followed a theoretical framework developed by Oyewole (2001) conceptualrelation among industrial ecology; green marketing and environmental justice make it clear how eco-labelthrough green marketing can be a tool to ensure equity in different socio-economic and environmentalperspective. The study was conducted in five super markets. The key information was collected throughobservations and depth interview from consumers and service providers. The study identified that the neweco-products formed new green market. It is observed that the green market appears to be real andgrowing. The study revealed that health and environmental concerns are main reasons why people becomeaware of eco-labeled products. The survey data evidenced that 17 percent of consumer read labels to see ifproducts were environmentally safe, 11 percent sort out products and packaging made form recycledmaterials and 7 percent said they had boycotted a company that was careless about the environment. Thestudy pointed out that there is a gap between policy and practices in eco labeling. The study recommendssome suggestions to make the success of eco-labeling in green marketing perspective such as creation ofawareness among the consumers, voluntary initiatives in environmentalism and consumerism,environmental appeals in advertising, practice of environmental protection law, integration betweenenvironmental justice and eco-system services in eco-labeling program etc.Keywords: Eco-Labeling, Environmental Justices, Ecosystem Resources, Green marketing, GreenConsumerism

Metal-assisted red light-induced DNA cleavage by ternary L-methionine copper(II) complexes of planar heterocyclic bases

Ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(L-met)B(Solv)](ClO4) (1-4), where B is a N,N-donor heterocyclic base like 2,2-bipyridine (bpy, 1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 3) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazene (dppz, 4), are prepared and their DNA binding and photoinduced DNA cleavage activity studied (L-Hmet=L-methionine). Complex 2, structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography, shows a square pyramidal (4+1) coordination geometry in which the N,O-donor L-methionine and N,N-donor heterocyclic base bind at the basal plane and a solvent molecule is coordinated at the axial site. The complexes display a d-d band at ~600 nm in DMF and exhibit a cyclic voltammetric response due to the Cu(II)/Cu(I) couple near -0.1 V in DMF-Tris-HCl buffer. The complexes display significant binding propensity to the calf thymus DNA in the order: 4 (dppz) > 3 (dpq) > 2 (phen) » 1 (bpy). Control cleavage experiments using pUC19 supercoiled DNA and distamycin suggest major groove binding for the dppz and minor groove binding for the other complexes. Complexes 2-4 show efficient DNA cleavage activity on UV (365 nm) or red light (632.8 nm) irradiation via a mechanistic pathway involving formation of singlet oxygen as the reactive species. The DNA cleavage activity of the dpq complex 3 is found to be significantly more than its dppz and phen analogues

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Clinically, leishmaniasis is of three types—visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is considered as a complication of VL. VL is characterized by fever, anemia and splenomegaly in a VL-endemic area (malaria excluded). A subject with such symptoms should be subjected to an rK39 strip test. Confirmation of diagnosis is made by demonstration of the parasite (Leishmania donovani) from samples obtained by aspiration of bone marrow or iliac crest puncture. Miltefosine, stibogluconate, amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B and paromomycin are effective available anti-leishmaniasis drugs. Vector (Phleblotomus argentipes) control for reduction of transmission and early diagnosis and complete treatment are essential elements of case management. There is no effective vaccine against VL. This review on VL aims at providing state-art knowledge on epidemiology, diagnosis and case-management and vaccine development