FACTORS AFFECTING THE WILLINGNESS OF CHINESE USERS TO CONTINUE USING ONLINE EDUCATION PLATFORMS IN YUNNAN

This research examines the main factors such as platform system quality, course quality, and user interaction influencing users' continuous use intention on the online education platform from the user experience and perceived value perspective. Data was collected through the convenience approach via online survey questionnaires from 422 Yunnan respondents who had a prior online learning experience, including both elementary and higher education level courses, within the past year on an online education platform in China. Yunnan is located at the border of southwest China, where education is costly and inefficient. Data are tested against the research model by using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that user-perceived value will significantly impact users' willingness to continue using online education platforms. Furthermore, users' functional experience and emotional experience have a positive impact on perceived profit, while they have a negative effect on perceived loss. In addition, the quality of the platform system affects users' functional experience and emotional experiences. Besides, course quality, including timeliness, pertinence, authority, and1 Ed.D., Chinese Teacher, Stamford International University, Thailand. [email protected] Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Education, Stamford International University, Thailand. [email protected] Ed.D., Chinese Associate Professor, Stamford International University, Thailand. [email protected] MBA., Stamford International University, Thailand. [email protected] M.Ed., Stamford International University, Thailand. [email protected] M.Ed., Stamford International University, Thailand. [email protected] Ph.D., Lecturer, Stamford International University, Thailand. [email protected]: Human Sciences, ISSN 2586-9388, Vol.14 No.2 (Jul.-Dec. 2022)richness, positively affects users' functional experience and emotional experiences. And Interactions between students and teachers were also found in the study that has a positive influence on users' functional experience and emotional experiences

Effect of transition metals doping on electronic structure and optical properties of β-Ga2O3

The effects of transition metal (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) doping on the stability, electronic structure and optical properties of β -Ga _2 O _3 have been studied using GGA and GGA + U. The results show that the U value can correct the strong interaction of the d-layer, causing orbital hybridization and affecting the position and number of impurity energy levels. It can move the conduction band to higher energy levels and weaken the role of Ga-3p in the valence band. The Ti-doped β -Ga _2 O _3 is easily formed, followed by V, Cr, Sc, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn doping. Some bands change regularly with the increase of atomic number. All systems become degraded semiconductors after doping. All doping will make the β -Ga _2 O _3 red shift. Among them, the absorption intensity of Cu doping in the visible light range is significantly improved

Revealing Donor–Acceptor Interaction on the Printed Active Layer Morphology and the Formation Kinetics for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells at Ambient Conditions

Slot-die coating is a powerful method for upscaling the production of organic solar cells (OSCs) with low energy consumption print processes at ambient conditions. Herein, chlorobenzene (CB) and chloroform (CF) are compared as host solvents for printing films of the neat novel fused-ring unit based wide-bandgap donor polymer (PDTBT2T-FTBDT), the small molecule nonfullerene acceptor based on a fused ring with a benzothiadiazole core (BTP-4F) as well as the respective PDTBT2T-FTBDT:BTP-4F blend films at room temperature in air. Using CF printing of the PDTBT2T-FTBDT:BTP-4F active layer, OSCs with a high power conversion efficiency of up to 13.2% are reached in ambient conditions. In comparison to CB printed blend films, the active layer printed out of CF has a superior morphology, a smoother film surface and a more pronounced face-on orientation of the crystallites, which altogether result in an enhanced exciton dissociation, a superior charge transport, and suppressed nonradiative charge carrier recombination. Based on in situ studies of the slot-die coating process of PDTBT2T-FTBDT, BTP-4F, and PDTBT2T-FTBDT:BTP-4F films, the details of the film formation kinetics are clarified, which cause the superior behavior for CF compared to CB printing due to balancing the aggregation and crystallization of donor and acceptor

Tailored fabrication of quasi-isoporous and double layered αα-Fe2_2O3_3 thin films and their application in photovoltaic devices

A series of $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$ thin films with distinct morphologies are prepared via a facile polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide templated sol–gel method. By tailoring the poor solvent contents and FeCl$_3$-to-polymer weight ratio in the sol–gel solutions, quasi-isoporous $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$ thin films with different substructures and thicknesses are obtained. Via a thermal annealing post-treatment, double layered structures are induced by a synergistic dewetting and Oswald ripening effect. Special focus is set on the $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$ thin films prepared with no annealing/annealing-medium $FeCl_3$ concentration, as they possess uniform periodic structures, which is suitable to be used as hole blocking modification layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) is obtained when the double layered $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$ thin film is applied as the hole blocking modification layer for PSCs. The improved PCE primarily originates from the increased $V_{OC}$, which probably benefits from the synergistic effect of the suppressed charge carrier recombination at the interfaces, the enhanced light transmittance as well as the superior electron extraction capacity

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS films via DMSO addition and DMSO/salt post-treatment resolved from a fundamental view

The combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-solvent doping and physical–chemical DMSO/salt de-doping in a sequence has been used to improve the thermoelectric (TE) properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films. A high power factor of ca.105.2 µW m$^{−1}$ K$^{−2}$ has been achieved for the PEDOT:PSS film after post-treatment with 10 % sodium sulfite (Na$_2$SO$_3$) in the DMSO/salt mixture (v/v), outperforming sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO$_3$). The initial DMSO-doping treatment induces a distinct phase separation by facilitating the aggregation of the PEDOT molecules. At the same time, the subsequent DMSO/salt de-doping post-treatment strengthens the selective removal of the surplus non-conductive PSS chains. Substantial alterations in the oxidation level, chain conformations, PEDOT crystallites and their preferential orientation are observed upon treatment on the molecular level. At the mesoscale level, the purification and densification of PEDOT-rich domains enable the realization of inter-grain coupling by the formation of the electronically well-percolated network. Thereby, both electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are optimized