Strategies to Increase Employees’ Morale

Leaders who lack effective strategies to increase employee morale face an organizational decrease in productivity, sustainability, and profitability, increasing absenteeism and turnover and costing businesses millions of dollars. Grounded in Burns’s transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies used by successful organizational leaders to increase employee morale to improve productivity and profitability in their organization. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a review of company documents. Participants comprised five leaders of a company located in Knoxville, Tennessee, who successfully used strategies to increase employee morale resulting in increased productivity and profitability. Three themes emerged through Yin’s five-step data analysis process: effective communication, employee engagement, and employee reward. A key recommendation for business leaders is to encourage open communication through emails, face-to-face meetings, phone calls, and yearly performance reviews. The implications for positive social change include the potential to increase employees’ morale and improve organizations’ productivity and profitability, leading to a decrease in unemployment and crime and enabling the organization employees to contribute time, skills, and money to the local community

Caught Between Conflicting Worlds?: A Du Boisian Study of the Experiences of Students Who Are Underrepresented in Academia

This thesis investigates the experiences of a group of students who are underrepresented within academia - degree seeking undergraduates that identify as being first generation and/or low income and/or students of color who are enrolled in a predominantly white four year institution of higher education. Sixty-two students completed online survey questionnaires and eight participated in semi-structured interviews. Through the application of W. E. B. Du Bois\u27 concepts of the second-sight, double consciousness, the color-line, and the color-bar as well as the metaphor of the Veil, insights into Reiland Rabaka\u27s lifeworlds and lifestruggles of underrepresented students are attained. Of pertinent interest is that some of the interviewed students appear to be developing early stages of double consciousness. Listening to and heeding the voices of students who are underrepresented may lead to more unveilings as well as substantive Du Boisian advancements and changes within academia

Statistical complexity, Fisher-Shannon information, and Bohr orbits in the H-atom

The Fisher-Shannon information and a statistical measure of complexity are calculated in the position and momentum spaces for the wave functions of the H-atom. For each level of energy, it is found that these two indicators take their minimum values on the orbitals that correspond to the classical (circular) orbits in the Bohr atomic model, just those with the highest orbital angular momentum.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Comparison of MSIS and Jacchia atmospheric density models for orbit determination and propagation

Two atmospheric density model families that are commonly chosen for orbit determination and propagation, Jacchia and MSIS, are compared for accuracy. The Jacchia 70 model, the MSISE-90 model, and the NRLMSISE-00 model may each be used to determine orbits over fitspans of several days and then to propagate forward. With observations kept over the propagation period, residuals may be computed and the accuracy of each model evaluated. We have performed this analysis for over 4000 cataloged satellites with perigee below 1000km for September-­October 1999, and the 60 HASDM calibration satellites with a large observation set for February 2001. The purpose of this study is to form a picture of the relative merits of the drag models in a comprehensive view, using all satellites in a manner consistent with the operational practice of US space surveillance centers. A further goal is to refine this knowledge to understand the orbital parameter regions where one of the models may be consistently superior

A Combination of Two Human Monoclonal Antibodies Limits Fetal Damage by Zika Virus in Macaques

Human infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy can lead to vertical transmission and fetal aberrations, including microcephaly. Prophylactic administration of antibodies can diminish or prevent ZIKV infection in animal models, but whether passive immunization can protect nonhuman primates and their fetuses during pregnancy has not been determined. Z004 and Z021 are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to domain III of the envelope (EDIII) of ZIKV. Together the two antibodies protect nonpregnant macaques against infection even after Fc modifications to prevent antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro (ADE) and extend their half-lives. Here we report on prophylactic co-administration of the Fc-modified antibodies to pregnant rhesus macaques challenged 3 times with ZIKV during first and second trimester. The two antibodies did not entirely eliminate maternal viremia but limited vertical transmission protecting the fetus from neurologic damage. Thus, maternal passive immunization with two antibodies to EDIII can shield primate fetuses from the harmful effects of ZIKV

Diagnosis and management of functional tic-like phenomena

Over the past 3 years, a global phenomenon has emerged characterized by the sudden onset and frequently rapid escalation of tics and tic-like movements and phonations. These symptoms have occurred not only in youth known to have tics or Tourette syndrome (TS), but also, and more notably, in youth with no prior history of tics. The Tourette Association of America (TAA) convened an international, multidisciplinary working group to better understand this apparent presentation of functional neurological disorder (FND) and its relationship to TS. Here, we review and summarize the literature relevant to distinguish the two, with recommendations to clinicians for diagnosis and management. Finally, we highlight areas for future emphasis and research

Optimality of mutation and selection in germinal centers

The population dynamics theory of B cells in a typical germinal center could play an important role in revealing how affinity maturation is achieved. However, the existing models encountered some conflicts with experiments. To resolve these conflicts, we present a coarse-grained model to calculate the B cell population development in affinity maturation, which allows a comprehensive analysis of its parameter space to look for optimal values of mutation rate, selection strength, and initial antibody-antigen binding level that maximize the affinity improvement. With these optimized parameters, the model is compatible with the experimental observations such as the ~100-fold affinity improvements, the number of mutations, the hypermutation rate, and the "all or none" phenomenon. Moreover, we study the reasons behind the optimal parameters. The optimal mutation rate, in agreement with the hypermutation rate in vivo, results from a tradeoff between accumulating enough beneficial mutations and avoiding too many deleterious or lethal mutations. The optimal selection strength evolves as a balance between the need for affinity improvement and the requirement to pass the population bottleneck. These findings point to the conclusion that germinal centers have been optimized by evolution to generate strong affinity antibodies effectively and rapidly. In addition, we study the enhancement of affinity improvement due to B cell migration between germinal centers. These results could enhance our understandings to the functions of germinal centers.Comment: 5 figures in main text, and 4 figures in Supplementary Informatio