Giant dipole resonance with exact treatment of thermal fluctuations

The shape fluctuations due to thermal effects in the giant dipole resonance (GDR) observables are calculated using the exact free energies evaluated at fixed spin and temperature. The results obtained are compared with Landau theory calculations done by parameterizing the free energy. The Landau theory is found to be insufficient when the shell effects are dominating.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

CAAS: an atmospheric correction algorithm for the remote sensing of complex waters

The current SeaDAS atmospheric correction algorithm relies on the computation of optical properties of aerosols based on radiative transfer combined with a near-infrared (NIR) correction scheme (originally with assumptions of zero water-leaving radiance for the NIR bands) and several ancillary parameters to remove atmospheric effects in remote sensing of ocean colour. The failure of this algorithm over complex waters has been reported by many recent investigations, and can be attributed to the inadequate NIR correction and constraints for deriving aerosol optical properties whose characteristics are the most difficult to evaluate because they vary rapidly with time and space. The possibility that the aerosol and sun glint contributions can be derived in the whole spectrum of ocean colour solely from a knowledge of the total and Rayleigh-corrected radiances is developed in detail within the framework of a Complex water Atmospheric correction Algorithm Scheme (CAAS) that makes no use of ancillary parameters. The performance of the CAAS algorithm is demonstrated for MODIS/Aqua imageries of optically complex waters and yields physically realistic water-leaving radiance spectra that are not possible with the SeaDAS algorithm. A preliminary comparison with in-situ data for several regional waters (moderately complex to clear waters) shows encouraging results, with absolute errors of the CAAS algorithm closer to those of the SeaDAS algorithm. The impact of the atmospheric correction was also examined on chlorophyll retrievals with a Case 2 water bio-optical algorithm, and it was found that the CAAS algorithm outperformed the SeaDAS algorithm in terms of producing accurate pigment estimates and recovering areas previously flagged out by the later algorithm. These findings suggest that the CAAS algorithm can be used for applications focussing in quantitative assessments of the biological and biogeochemical properties in complex waters, and can easily be extended to other sensors such as OCM-2, MERIS and GOCI

Fat feeding potentiates the diabetogenic effect of dexamethasone in Wistar rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The role of cortisol and its increased action/availability is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome but the mechanism of increased action/availability is not known. Availability of several other lipophilic hormones, drugs and pollutants are also reported to be increased in obesity. Increased lipids in the circulation are reported to alter the fluidity and permeability of membranes. Hyperlipidemia is also reported to alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lipophilic molecules and also membrane fluidity and permeability. In this context we assumed that the hyperlipidemia associated with human obesity might play a role in the altered action/availability of cortisol and this in turn might have initiated the metabolic complications. To evaluate our assumption we have administered dexamethasone [low [50 μg/kg/day] or high [250 μg/kg/day] dose] to high-fat [coconut oil & vanaspati] fed rats and the results were compared with rats administered with either dexamethasone or high-fat.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Within two weeks, the rats co-administered with high-fat and dexamethasone developed severe hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance compared to rats treated either of them alone. High-fat fed rats treated with higher dose of dexamethasone were presented with severe hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and also severe glycosuria. The hyperlipidemia caused by high-fat feeding might have altered the transport and distribution of dexamethasone, probably by altering the physical state of membranes and transport proteins.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>From the results obtained, it can be speculated that the altered lipid and cortisol metabolism could affect one another, forming a vicious cycle.</p

Lifestyle and Language in Thirumurugatrupadai

Tamil literature clearly reflects the lifestyle of the ancient Tamils. In the field of anthropology Tamil literature plays an important role. The richness of a country's language is judged by the richness of its literature in the regional language spoken by the people of that country. The ideas found in those literary works shapes the mind and lifestyle of both the present and future generation too. Thirumurugatrupadai which is one among the Pattuppattu (anthology) is about a person who is blessed by the lord Murugan, comforting another servant to Murugan. In this text author Nakkiranar has sung songs in six sections about the places where Murugan used to stay such as Tiruparanguntram, Tiruchendur, Palani, Swamimalai, Palamuthircholai and Kuntuthoradal. Thus, the article briefly explains about the Kurinji land people, their customs, how they worshipped lord Murugan, their clothing, accessories, the sense of solidarity with relatives, the spirit of living together, chastity, and the development of virtue. All these things strengthen the richness of the Tamil language

Reference solar irradiance spectra and consequences of their disparities in remote sensing of the ocean colour

International audienceSatellite ocean colour missions require a standard extraterrestrial solar irradiance spectrum in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) for use in the process of radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction and normalization of water-leaving radiances from in-situ measurements. There are numerous solar irradiance spectra (or models) currently in use within the ocean colour community and related domains. However, these irradiance spectra, constructed from single and/or multiple measurements sets or models, have noticeable differences ? ranging from about ±1% in the NIR to ±6% in the short wavelength region (ultraviolet and blue) ? caused primarily by the variation in the solar activity and uncertainties in experimental data from different instruments. Such differences between the applied solar irradiance spectra may have quite important consequences in reconciliation, comparison and validation of the products resulting from different ocean colour instruments. Thus, it is prudent to examine the model-to-model differences and ascertain an appropriate solar irradiance spectrum for use in future ocean colour research and validation purposes. This study first describes the processes which generally require the application of a solar irradiance spectrum, and then investigates the eight solar irradiance spectra (widely in use within the remote sensing community) selected on the basis of the following criteria: minimum spectral range of 350?1200 nm with adequate spectral resolution, completely or mostly based on direct measurements, minimal error range, intercomparison with other experiments and update of data. The differences in these spectra in absolute terms and in the SeaWiFS and MERIS in-band irradiances and their consequences on the retrieval algorithms of chlorophyll and suspended sediment are analyzed. Based on these detailed analyses, this study puts forward the solar irradiance spectrum most appropriate for all aspects of research, calibration and validation in ocean colour remote sensing. For an improved approximation of the extraterrestrial solar spectrum in the ultraviolet-NIR domain this study also proposes a new solar constant value determined from space-borne measurements of the last three decades

Cross-Linguistic Vowel Challenges: Implications for English Pronunciation among Tamil Speakers

Abstract: This article delves into the intricate challenges Tamil speakers encounter when attempting to pronounce English vowels accurately, shedding light on their implications for effective communication. The cross-linguistic disparities between Tamil and English phonetic systems are explored, particularly focusing on the absence of specific vowel sounds like /æ/, /ɔ/, /ɛ/, /ʌ/, and /ə/ in Tamil. The article emphasizes the vital role of precise pronunciation in bridging linguistic gaps, enhancing intelligibility, and facilitating successful cross-cultural interactions. It highlights the significance of incorporating phonetic training in education, the role of well-trained teachers, and the importance of clear pronunciation in professional contexts. By fostering an understanding of these challenges and promoting phonetic accuracy, the article advocates for the creation of stronger language connections and more effective global communication

Toronto extremity salvage score-patient reported outcome measures in upper extremity bone tumors treated with limb salvage surgery

Bone and soft tissue tumors of upper extremity are relatively uncommon than those of lower limb. Treating these patients while retaining a functional limb is quite a challenge. Along with musculoskeletal tumor society score, Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) is most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for sarcomas of upper extremity. Retrospective analysis of patients with upper extremity bone tumors (24) treated with limb salvage surgery (20) from 2014 to 2022 was undertaken.  Mean follow-up period was 26 months and mean age was 30.2 years. Out of 20, 11 humerus cases were of tumors arising from humerus, 5 in radius and 3 in ulna. 9 patients were treated with custom mega prosthesis reconstruction, 6 with fibular free flap, 6 radius underwent simple resection and 1 curettage. Majority of the cases were giant cell tumors (8) followed by osteosarcoma (3), fibromatosis (3), aneurysmal bone cyst (2), simple bone cyst (2), 1 Ewing sarcoma and 1 metastatic bone disease. The mean TESS score of the sample population was 69.7 Most of the patients (11) rated their disability to be of moderate degree and considered themselves to be moderately disabled. The mean TESS score for CMP group was 71.1, while that of autograft reconstruction was 68.3. Despite only half the population having received CMP as a reconstructive option, nearly 40% patients with disease of forearm where the results are not so great, our study population reported a reasonably good patient reported outcome score. A dedicated physiotherapy team with tailor made exercise protocol for each patient depending on their needs can help in improving the quality of life

An Application of Differential Subordination

We apply the general theory of differential subordination to obtain certian interesting criteria for -valent starlikeness and strong starlikeness. Some applications of these results are also discussed

Applicability of shape parameterizations for giant dipole resonance in warm and rapidly rotating nuclei

We investigate how well the shape parameterizations are applicable for studying the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in nuclei, in the low temperature and/or high spin regime. The shape fluctuations due to thermal effects in the GDR observables are calculated using the actual free energies evaluated at fixed spin and temperature. The results obtained are compared with Landau theory calculations done by parameterizing the free energy. We exemplify that the Landau theory could be inadequate where shell effects are dominating. This discrepancy at low temperatures and high spins are well reflected in GDR observables and hence insists on exact calculations in such cases.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure