AN AFFECT CONTROL THEORY OF TECHNOLOGY

Affect control theory is a theory of interaction that takes into account cultural meanings. Affect control research has previously considered interaction with technology, but there remains a lack of theorizing about inclusion of technology within the theory. This paper lays a foundation for an affect control theory of technology by addressing key assumptions, presenting an empirical foundation using a survey of sentiments toward technology, and analyzing those sentiments. AFFECT CONTROL THEORY Affect Control Theory (ACT; Heise 1979; Heise 2007) is a formal, mathematical theory modeled at the level of an observed-situation. There must an observer who is a member of a languageculture (Robinson and Smith-Lovin 2006:139). The observer labels the elements of the situation, including actors, behaviors, setting, and emotions. When labeling elements of a situation, an observer uses labels from her language-culture. These labels evoke affective sentiments that are fairly stable within a language-culture (Osgood, May and Miron 1975). After elements of a situation are labeled, ACT proposes that the observer realizes if the situation is aligned with cultural norms or represents a deflection from cultural norms based on the affective sentiments

1948 Corn Performance Tests, South Dakota

In 1948, as in previous years, the Agronomy Department of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station conducted corn yield trials on commercial hybrid s and varieties. The purpose of these trials was to make available impartial information on the relative performance of the entries when they were grown at selected places in the state. Eleven tests were conducted, with at least one trial being located in each of the eight agricultural areas into which the state has been divided. In all, I06 hybrid s and 13 open-pollinated varieties were tested. An attempt was mad e to include only the more popular hybrids and varieties in each are

1954 South Dakota Corn Performance Tests

As in previous years corn yield trial were conducted by the Agronomy Department of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Results of these trials supply farmers and ranchers with current information on popular hybrids being grown extensively in the various agricultural areas of the state. The trials were replicated plots planted and harvested in an accepted procedure with an unbiased analysis of the data. Methods used in selection of entries, planting, harvesting, and analyzing will be presented under separate headings

South Dakota Corn Performance Tests, 1953

Com yield trials were conducted in 1953 by the Agronomy Department of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station to supply farmers with up-to-date information on popular hybrids which are being grown extensively in the various agricultural areas of the state. These trials were not contests or demonstrations, but were the basis for unbiased analvsis of replicated plots. Methods used in selection of entries, planting, harvesting and analyzing will be presented under separate headings. The information obtained from the 1953 yield trials reflects relative performing ability of the various hybrids in a season which had above-average precipitation and nearly normal temperatures in most areas of the state. May temperatures were below normal, resulting in slow growth during germination and the early seedling stages in many areas. However, killing frost did not come until most of the com in the state had reached maturity, resulting in a high quality crop. The com trials were harvested during the month of October; at that time, most varieties were low enough in moisture content to be normally cribbed. Results of these trials are presented in the tables which follow

Global Management Effectiveness Study: Integrated Social and Ecological Report for Non-node and Node Sites

The purpose of this study is to provide a critical assessment of the implementation, impact, and performance of Marine Managed Area (MMA) projects to serve as a basis for improved planning and implementation of new MMA projects worldwide. The specific objectives of the study are (1) to determine the socioeconomic, governance and ecological effects of MMAs; (2) to determine the critical factors influencing MMA effects, as well as the impact of the timing of those factors on the effects of the MMA; and (3) to provide tools for predicting MMA effects based on ecological, socioeconomic and governance variable

South Dakota Corn Performance Tests, 1957

Yield trials on those corn hybrids currently most popular among farmers are conducted each year by the Agronomy Department of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. The purpose is to supply farmers and ranchers with information on the relative performing ability of the various hybrids when they are subjected to similar environmental conditions such as rainfall, soil moisture, and fertility level. Such information, when used as a guide in selecting hybrids for planting, can aid the farmer in obtaining maximum yields under his field conditions. In 1957, 14 tests were planted throughout South Dakota. Each contained from 20 to 40 entries planted in replicated plots. Yields, moisture percentages at harvest, and in some cases lodging, were obtained and are presented in the tables in this publication. Most areas of the state entered the 1957 season with extremely low reserves of subsoil moisture. Above normal rainfall over most of the state during the months of April, May, and June supplied adequate moisture for abundant growth of corn. There were only two stations, Brookings and Vermillion, which were below normal moisture for the entire growing season. Highmore and Cottonwood were considerably above normal with a plus 8.67 and 7.42 inches for the growing season, respectively. Although adequate moisture was available, corn was retarded in germination and early growth by low temperatures. All areas in which test plots were grown had below normal temperatures for April, May, and June. This below normal temperature was greatest at Vale during May when this station reported an average departure from normal of a minus 4.6 degrees, while Brookings rep01ted an average minus departure of 4.5 degrees for June. July temperatures were near normal, or slightly below, over most of the state; however, the temperatures dropped in August and September so that all stations rep01ted minus departures from normal for both months. The greatest departures were minus 7.5 and 5.2 degrees at Vermillion and Menno, respectively, during September. The low temperatures during August, September, and October resulted in slow maturing of the corn crop over the entire state. Frost held off until into October in many areas. This lack of a killing frost coupled with the low temperatures caused the corn crop to dry slowly. Many fields of corn were picked too wet for cribbing, and considerable corn was still in the field in December at which time kernels on some of the ears of varieties that were of a long season maturity for the area were turning brown while still on the stalk. The moisture content of all test plots harvested was considerably above long time averages. Late maturing hybrids, though producing more weight at harvest time in each test, were carrying so much moisture it would have required ultimate artificial drying to have cribbed such varieties. This year\u27s results would seem to indicate farmers should use extreme care in selecting a hybrid which is adapted to their length of growing season, and refrain from using those hybrids which require excessive length of season to produce cribbable corn