Mesenchymal stromal cells pretreated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines promote skin wound healing through VEGFC ‐mediated angiogenesis

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The Implications of Relationships between Human Diseases and Metabolic Subpathways

One of the challenging problems in the etiology of diseases is to explore the relationships between initiation and progression of diseases and abnormalities in local regions of metabolic pathways. To gain insight into such relationships, we applied the “k-clique” subpathway identification method to all disease-related gene sets. For each disease, the disease risk regions of metabolic pathways were then identified and considered as subpathways associated with the disease. We finally built a disease-metabolic subpathway network (DMSPN). Through analyses based on network biology, we found that a few subpathways, such as that of cytochrome P450, were highly connected with many diseases, and most belonged to fundamental metabolisms, suggesting that abnormalities of fundamental metabolic processes tend to cause more types of diseases. According to the categories of diseases and subpathways, we tested the clustering phenomenon of diseases and metabolic subpathways in the DMSPN. The results showed that both disease nodes and subpathway nodes displayed slight clustering phenomenon. We also tested correlations between network topology and genes within disease-related metabolic subpathways, and found that within a disease-related subpathway in the DMSPN, the ratio of disease genes and the ratio of tissue-specific genes significantly increased as the number of diseases caused by the subpathway increased. Surprisingly, the ratio of essential genes significantly decreased and the ratio of housekeeping genes remained relatively unchanged. Furthermore, the coexpression levels between disease genes and other types of genes were calculated for each subpathway in the DMSPN. The results indicated that those genes intensely influenced by disease genes, including essential genes and tissue-specific genes, might be significantly associated with the disease diversity of subpathways, suggesting that different kinds of genes within a disease-related subpathway may play significantly differential roles on the diversity of diseases caused by the corresponding subpathway

Fabrication and Performance of UV Photodetector of ZnO Nanorods Decorated with Al Nanoparticles

In this work, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mediated by aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) was investigated to enhance the ultraviolet (UV) response of the zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) grown by the hydrothermal method. The ZnO NRs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that the morphology and crystalline structure of the ZnO NRs could not be changed before and after decoration with Al NPs, but the absorption rates in the UV range and the photoluminescence (PL) properties were improved. The photo-to-dark current ratio of ZnO NRs with Al NPs was about 447 for 325 nm UV light (5 mW/cm2) at 3.0 V bias, with the sensitivity increasing from 9.5 to 47.8, and the responsivity increasing from 53 to 267 mA/W

Bioremediation of Aquaculture Wastewater with Algal-Bacterial Biofilm Combined with the Production of Selenium Rich Biofertilizer

The discharge of aquaculture wastewater and the excessive selenium in aquaculture effluent caused by selenium addition to aquatic feed are posing a serious risk for the marine environment. In this study, batch tests were carried out to investigate the feasibility of utilizing algal–bacterial biofilm for the treatment of selenium-rich aquaculture wastewater. The effects of four different types of commercial biofilm carriers on the attached growth of biofilms and the contaminant removal capacity were examined. The braided cotton biofilm carrier had the best performance on biofilm growth, while in an exponential growth period the dry weight density of the biofilm was above 2.0 g L−1. By utilizing the braided cotton carrier with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 days, the removal rate of N and P from the raw aquaculture wastewater was 88.5 ± 6.2% and 99.8 ± 0.2%, respectively. After that, the effects of different initial wastewater load ratios (IWLR) and HRT on the effluent quality of the treatment process were studied. The decrease in IWLR and the extension of HRT could improve the treatment performance. The effluent N, P and Se concentrations in the group with 50% IWLR and 6-day HRT were 0.75 ± 0.10 mg L−1, 0.015 ± 0.02 mg L−1, 35.2 ± 3.2 μg L−1, respectively, indicating an effective removal of the main contaminants. The algal–bacterial biofilm harvested from the batch test was rich in N, P and Se, where the Se content was 21.8 ± 3.4 mg kg−1, which has the potential to be used as an Se-rich biofertilizer

Geometrical effects on growth kinetics of interfacial intermetallic compounds in Sn/Cu joints reflowed with Cu nanoparticles doped flux

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. In this study, Cu nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction method, were doped into flux (0–2 wt%) and disseminated to the pure Sn solder ball at 250. The enhanced spreading rate due to use of nanoparticles, increased the base diameter (W) and decreased the height (H) of the solder at constant volume. The finite element analysis for Cu concentration, temperature and velocity; in relation to the magnitudes of W and H show that larger W is responsible for enhancement of supersaturation and radial thermal gradient, whereas smaller H is responsible for reduction in flow velocity. The growth kinetics of interfacial Cu 6 Sn 5 film during isothermal reflow is proportional to W 2/3 during isothermal reflow whereas linearly dependent on H during air cooling. As the ripening at isothermal stage and precipitation at cooling stage contribute to the gross growth behavior of Cu 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compounds layer growth, the combined geometrical effect of base diameter and height of the solder specimen renders solder corresponding to flux with 2.0 wt% nanoparticles to have the overall thickest intermetallics.status: publishe

Research on trajectory detection technology of cavern flow based on inertial navigation

The trajectories detection of carven flow is estimated generally through the calculation of changes in various physical fields and the hydrogeological conditions. This paper uses inertial components to solve the trajectory of carven flow. Due to the characteristics and the complex movement attitude of the inertial components in the flow, the calculation error accumulate over time, even cover the true trajectory. Based on the characteristics of carven flow and inertial components, this paper proposes a new trajectory detection technology to obtain relatively accurate trajectory

Enhancement of hardness of bulk solder by doping Cu nanoparticles at the interface of Sn/Cu solder joint

© 2019 In this study, Cu NPs prepared by chemical reduction method,were doped into flux at weight proportions (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.%) and then reflow soldering was performed for the pure Sn solder (initial diameter = 1400 μm) with Cu substrate at 250 °C for 120 s. The presence of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) in soldering flux was observed to enhance the spreading of solder on Cu substrate. Solder with larger base spread area, characterized with faster diffusion of Cu from substrate attained quicker supersaturation during reflow and larger precipitation of primary Cu 6 Sn 5 intermetallics (IMCs) upon air cooling. The solders containing greater area proportion of primary IMCs are characterized with enhanced effective elastic modulus. Experimentally, the solders prepared with Cu nanoparticles composed flux,were characterized with the increase in Vicker's microhardness. Solder processed with flux containing 2 wt.% Cu nanoparticles possessed Vicker's hardness of 18.6 HV, whereas solder prepared with undoped flux only had hardness of 13.8 HV. Numerical computation of the Cu diffusion and the elasticity have been done using finite element method.status: publishe