16,608 research outputs found
Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation of travelling wave solutions in pipe flow
The appearance of travelling-wave-type solutions in pipe Poiseuille flow that
are disconnected from the basic parabolic profile is numerically studied in
detail. We focus on solutions in the 2-fold azimuthally-periodic subspace
because of their special stability properties, but relate our findings to other
solutions as well. Using time-stepping, an adapted Krylov-Newton method and
Arnoldi iteration for the computation and stability analysis of relative
equilibria, and a robust pseudo-arclength continuation scheme we unfold a
double-zero (Takens-Bogdanov) bifurcating scenario as a function of Reynolds
number (Re) and wavenumber (k). This scenario is extended, by the inclusion of
higher order terms in the normal form, to account for the appearance of
supercritical modulated waves emanating from the upper branch of solutions at a
degenerate Hopf bifurcation. These waves are expected to disappear in
saddle-loop bifurcations upon collision with lower-branch solutions, thereby
leaving stable upper-branch solutions whose subsequent secondary bifurcations
could contribute to the formation of the phase space structures that are
required for turbulent dynamics at higher Re.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures (pdf and png). Submitted to J. Fluid Mec
Seeing many-body effects in single- and few-layer graphene: Observation of two-dimensional saddle-point excitons
Significant excitonic effects were observed in graphene by measuring its
optical conductivity in a broad spectral range including the two-dimensional
{\pi}-band saddle-point singularities in the electronic structure. The strong
electron-hole interactions manifest themselves in an asymmetric resonance
peaked at 4.62 eV, which is red-shifted by nearly 600 meV from the value
predicted by ab-initio GW calculations for the band-to-band transitions. The
observed excitonic resonance is explained within a phenomenological model as a
Fano interference of a strongly coupled excitonic state and a band continuum.
Our experiment also showed a weak dependence of the excitonic resonance in
few-layer graphene on layer thickness. This result reflects the effective
cancellation of the increasingly screened repulsive electron-electron (e-e) and
attractive electron-hole (e-h) interactions.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, In PR
Cryo-EM structure of the E. coli translating ribosome in complex with SRP and its receptor
We report the 'early' conformation of the Escherichia coli signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor FtsY bound to the translating ribosome, as determined by cryo-EM. FtsY binds to the tetraloop of the SRP RNA, whereas the NG domains of the SRP protein and FtsY interact weakly in this conformation. Our results suggest that optimal positioning of the SRP RNA tetraloop and the Ffh NG domain leads to FtsY recruitment
Three-dimensional carrier-dynamics simulation of terahertz emission from photoconductive switches
A semi-classical Monte Carlo model for studying three-dimensional carrier
dynamics in photoconductive switches is presented. The model was used to
simulate the process of photoexcitation in GaAs-based photoconductive antennas
illuminated with pulses typical of mode-locked Ti:Sapphire lasers. We analyzed
the power and frequency bandwidth of THz radiation emitted from these devices
as a function of bias voltage, pump pulse duration and pump pulse location. We
show that the mechanisms limiting the THz power emitted from photoconductive
switches fall into two regimes: when illuminated with short duration (<40 fs)
laser pulses the energy distribution of the Gaussian pulses constrains the
emitted power, while for long (>40 fs) pulses, screening is the primary
power-limiting mechanism. A discussion of the dynamics of bias field screening
in the gap region is presented. The emitted terahertz power was found to be
enhanced when the exciting laser pulse was in close proximity to the anode of
the photoconductive emitter, in agreement with experimental results. We show
that this enhancement arises from the electric field distribution within the
emitter combined with a difference in the mobilities of electrons and holes.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Comparison of the magneto-Peltier and magneto-Seebeck effects in magnetic tunnel junctions
Understanding heat generation and transport processes in a magnetic tunnel
junction (MTJ) is a significant step towards improving its application in
current memory devices. Recent work has experimentally demonstrated the
magneto-Seebeck effect in MTJs, where the Seebeck coefficient of the junction
varies as the magnetic configuration changes from a parallel (P) to an
anti-parallel (AP) configuration. Here we report the study on its
as-yet-unexplored reciprocal effect, the magneto-Peltier effect, where the heat
flow carried by the tunneling electrons is altered by changing the magnetic
configuration of the MTJ. The magneto-Peltier signal that reflects the change
in the temperature difference across the junction between the P and AP
configurations scales linearly with the applied current in the small bias but
is greatly enhanced in the large bias regime, due to higher-order Joule heating
mechanisms. By carefully extracting the linear response which reflects the
magneto-Peltier effect, and comparing it with the magneto-Seebeck measurements
performed on the same device, we observe results consistent with Onsager
reciprocity. We estimate a magneto-Peltier coefficient of 13.4 mV in the linear
regime using a three-dimensional thermoelectric model. Our result opens up the
possibility of programmable thermoelectric devices based on the Peltier effect
in MTJs
Multiscale lattice Boltzmann approach to modeling gas flows
For multiscale gas flows, kinetic-continuum hybrid method is usually used to
balance the computational accuracy and efficiency. However, the
kinetic-continuum coupling is not straightforward since the coupled methods are
based on different theoretical frameworks. In particular, it is not easy to
recover the non-equilibrium information required by the kinetic method which is
lost by the continuum model at the coupling interface. Therefore, we present a
multiscale lattice Boltzmann (LB) method which deploys high-order LB models in
highly rarefied flow regions and low-order ones in less rarefied regions. Since
this multiscale approach is based on the same theoretical framework, the
coupling precess becomes simple. The non-equilibrium information will not be
lost at the interface as low-order LB models can also retain this information.
The simulation results confirm that the present method can achieve model
accuracy with reduced computational cost
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