Dramapedagoške tehnike u razvijanju govora u nastavi njemačkog kao stranog jezika

Das Thema dieser Arbeit sind dramapädagogische Techniken zur Förderung des Sprechens im Deutschunterricht als Fremdsprache. Die Arbeit besteht aus zwei Haupteilen, dem theoretischen und dem empirischen Teil. Im theoretischen Teil bespricht man die Grundbedeutung „Dramapädagogik“ und ihre historische Entwicklung, führt die Versuche ihrer Bedeutungsbestimmung und ihre Verbindung mit Theater auf und gibt konkrete Beschreibungen von dramapädagogischen Aufgaben zur „Aufwärmung“ und dramapädagogische Techniken im Unterricht. Der empirische Teil beginnt mit einer Einleitung in die Aktionsforschung und ihren Zweck. Darauffolgend wird die Methodologie der Aktionsforschung vorgestellt, ihre Resultate und die Diskussion über die gewonnenen Daten. Das Hauptziel der Aktionsforschung war die Förderung des Sprechens bei Schülern auf Deutsch durch die Anwendung von dramapädagogischen Techniken. Im Einklang mit den Merkmalen und Charakteristiken der Aktionsforschungen wurde eine Unterrichtstunde entworfen, in der Länge von 45 Minuten, gedacht für die zweite Klasse einer Mittelschule. Die Resultate der Aktionsforschung zeigen, dass die dramapädagogischen Aktivitäten den Schülern interessant sind und ihre Motivation zum aktiven Sprechen im Fremdsprachenunterricht fördern. Die Schüler kamen in Situationen, die nicht nur ihre geistig- sprachlichen Fähigkeiten erfordern, sondern auch die Körpersprache, gemeinsame Aushandlung von Bedeutung und emotionales Verständnis. Durch die Anwendung und Realisierung des dramapädagogischen Zugangs wird das Erlernen einer Fremdsprache auf ein höheres Niveau gebracht, weil es unter anderem die Phantasie, Kreativität, Spontanität und Originalität der Schüler weckt. Somit kann man darauf schließen, dass der dramapädagogische Zugang viel mehr Vorteile aufweist, als der herkömmliche Unterricht, der auf Inhalt und Fakten basiert.Tema ovog rada su dramapedagoške tehnike u procesu razvoja govora u nastavi njemačkog kao stranog jezika. Rad je podijeljen u dvije osnovne cjeline, teorijski i empirijski dio. U teorijskom dijelu rada polazi se od temeljnog pojma „Dramapädagogik“, povijesnog razvoja ove metode, pokušaja definiranja pojma, pojašnjenja temelja dramapedagogije te njezinih poveznica s kazalištem i nastavom stranog jezika. Navedeni dio završava opisom konkretnih dramapedagoških vježbi za „zagrijavanje“ i dramapedagoških tehnika u nastavi. U empirijskom se dijelu daje uvod u akcijsko istraživanje i njegovu svrhu, daje opis metodologije akcijskog istraživanja, prikazuju se rezultati i diskutira o dobivenim podatcima. Osnovni je cilj istraživanja bio unaprijediti i potaknuti razvoj govora učenika na njemačkom jeziku korištenjem dramapedagoških tehnika. U skladu s obilježjima i karakteristikama akcijskog istraživanja, osmišljen je jedan nastavni sat njemačkog jezika kroz dramapedagoški pristup, u trajanju od 45 minuta. Navedeni je sat ostvaren s učenicima drugog razreda srednje škole. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako su dramapedagoške aktivnosti učenicima zabavne te da promiču njihovu interakciju i motivaciju za aktivnim sudjelovanjem i govorom u nastavi stranog jezika. Učenici su se našli u situacijama koje nisu zahtijevale primjenu samo njihovih intelektualnih vještina, već i govor tijela, zajedničko konstruiranje značenja te emocionalno razumijevanje. Ostvarivanjem dramapedagoškog pristupa u nastavi učenje stranog jezika podiže se na višu razinu jer se, između ostaloga, razvija i učenikova mašta, kreativnost, spontanost i originalnost. Prema tome može se zaključiti kako dramapedagoški pristup nastavi ima puno više prednosti u odnosu na konvencionalnu, tradicionalnu nastavu koja je usmjerena samo na sadržaj i činjenično znanje

Electrospinning and optical properties of polyacrylonitrile / carbon quantum dots fluorescent nanocomposite nanofibres

The optical properties and structural characteristics of polyacrylonitrile nanofibres containing two different types of fluorescent compounds, prepared by an electrospinning technique have been studied. The electrospinning solution has been prepared by dissolving the PAN powder at various concentrations in N,N- dimethyl formamide. Carbon quantum dots nanoparticles (CQD) as a fluorescent agent, and Disperse Blue 354 as a fluorescent dye, have been used to produce fluorescent composite nanofibres. The effect of the fluorescent agent on the optical properties of the nanofibres has been evaluated by producing nanofibres with fluorescent dye or CQD nanoparticles at various concentrations. The structural and optical properties of the collected composites nanofibres are characterized using polarizing optical microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectrometry. The results show that the emission and fluorescent properties of the nanofibres depend on the nanofibres diameter, and the type and concentration of the fluorescent materials. The fluorescence intensity is increased with decreasing diameter of the fluorescent nanofibres. In addition, the emission of the nanofibres containing the CQDs is greater than that of the pure nanofibres and nanofibres with the fluorescent dy

Estimation of fabric color by camera based neuro- fuzzy technique

74-80A new method for measuring the textile fabric color by digital camera has been developed in order to establish a relationship between the digital camera RGB response and the device-independent CIE color space by using neuro-fuzzy technique. The results show that the performance of digital camera based neuro-fuzzy technique depends on the number and type of membership function. The best prediction is obtained in CIELAB color space by using two Gaussian combination membership functions with 2.75 ∆E*ab

Predicting emission spectra of fluorescent materials from their absorbance spectra using the artificial neural network

Artificial neural networks have been shown to be able to approximate any continuous nonlinear functions and have been used to build data based empirical models for nonlinear processes. This work studies primarily the performance of neural networks as a tool for predicting the emission spectra of fluorescent materials from their absorbance, and further, tends to the determination of the optimal topology of the neural network for this purpose. In order to do this, spectral data were initially analyzed by a principal component analysis technique. The first four principal components were used as input nodes of neural networks with various training algorithms – namely cascade- and feed-forward algorithms – and also, various numbers of hidden layers and nodes. The obtained results indicate that the RMS error in a testing data set decreased with increasing the number of neurons and the minimal network architecture for a data prediction problem consists of two hidden layers, respectively with 9 and 1 nodes for both neural networks. Additionally, a better performance was obtained with the cascade-forward neural network, especially in a small number of nodes. The obtained results indicate that the neural networks can be used to provide a relationship between the absorbance as an input and the emission as a target

INKJET DEPOSITED SILVER NANOPARTICLE ELECTRODES

Silver nanoparticles are being given considerable attention because of their interesting properties and potential applications. One such exploitable use is as the major constituent of conductive inks and pastes used for printing various electronic components. This paper presents a novel direct-writing process for fabrication of the first deposited silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (50-200nm) electrode via a thermal inkjet printer. In this method, AgNPs were chemically deposited by ejection of ascorbic acid and silver nitrate solutions onto different substrates such as paper and textile fabrics. Silver deposited patterns were used as electrodes in different electrochemical experiments and their morphology was also investigated in SEM observations. The highest conductivity of deposited electrodes obtained on paper as the substrate was found to be around 5.54x105 S/m. Inkjet fabricated electrodes exhibited acceptable electrochemical behavior in experiments designed for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide as a fundamental procedure for early determination of glucose. This novel inkjet silver deposition technique is introduced to be considered as a promising method for ultimate single step fabrication of different electrochemical bio-sensors