The Socio-Cultural, Historical, and Political Allusions in the Translation of the Saudi National Day Poetry: “Peace, O Gracious King” as a Case Study

The aim of this paper is to explore the cultural, social, political, and linguistic aspects of Saudi poems sung on patriotic occasions such as the Saudi National Day. The focus of the study will be on “Peace, O gracious King”, a poem composed by Dr. Abdulaziz Khuja and sung by the famous Saudi singer, Mohamed Abdu in 2010. The use of eulogy has a long tradition in Arabic poetry. It could be traced back to the classic ages. Classic Arab poets used to live on the eulogy’s bounty granted to them by rulers. For them, eulogy was both a means of surviving and to have the privileges of being close to the ruler. Furthermore, it was a way to fame and good reputation. The language of the song gains its power not only from its musicality and lyricism but also from its literariness and poeticness, the most obvious aspects of Abdul-Aziz Khuga’s songs. The song is written in al-fushā or what is known as the modern standard form of Arabic. Dr. Khuga, presently the Minister of Information and Culture in Saudi Arabia, is a Saudi poet. He is one of the contemporary poets who use standard Arabic to express the concerns of the Saudi people using simple language, though exceptionally of poetic and high style. It is a language that can be said to be appealing and accessible to a large audience in society. This language is set up to answer the new needs of the modern Saudi society. Khuga’s language has also managed to bring the audience closer to poetic songs, particularly the national ones. The poem/song is permeated by the age-old metaphor of the King as “pater patriae”; “father” to his subjects’ or “the father of the country”. The representation of the King as the nation’s father taking care of his subjects and having allegiance to the nation’s stability is a salient feature of national songs. In addition, the poet populates his song with other native traditional symbols – the palm tree is an example- that are rooted in the Saudi world and are reflective of its indigenous cultural experience. As will be shown in the discussion, the Saudi national culture, natural world, and common heritage are the sources for his material. He relies on the past experience of the Saudi people to express their present situation and future aspirations. A study of the local national poem/song examined here is meant to give readers a hint at: First, the Saudi notion of what a nation is. Second, the social, cultural, religious, historical, political and emotive implications of the song, and Third, the difficulties encountered when translating such a eulogizing poem/song into English and the procedures the translator should adopt to overcome such difficulties

Efficiency of dispersive wave generation in dual concentric core microstructured fiber

We describe the generation of powerful dispersive waves that are observed when pumping a dual concentric core microstructured fiber by means of a sub-nanosecond laser emitting at the wavelength of~1064 nm. The presence of three zeros in the dispersion curve, their spectral separation from the pump wavelength, and the complex dynamics of solitons originated by the pump pulse break-up, all contribute to boost the amplitude of the dispersive wave on the long-wavelength side of the pump. The measured conversion efficiency towards the dispersive wave at 1548 nm is as high as 50%. Our experimental analysis of the output spectra is completed by the acquisition of the time delays of the different spectral components. Numerical simulations and an analytical perturbative analysis identify the central wavelength of the red-shifted pump solitons and the dispersion profile of the fiber as the key parameters for determining the efficiency of the dispersive wave generation process.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure

Spatiotemporal Characterization of Supercontinuum Extending from the Visible to the Mid-Infrared in Multimode Graded-Index Optical Fiber

We experimentally demonstrate that pumping a graded-index multimode fiber with sub-ns pulses from a microchip Nd:YAG laser leads to spectrally flat supercontinuum generation with a uniform bell-shaped spatial beam profile extending from the visible to the mid-infrared at 2500\,nm. We study the development of the supercontinuum along the multimode fiber by the cut-back method, which permits us to analyze the competition between the Kerr-induced geometric parametric instability and stimulated Raman scattering. We also performed a spectrally resolved temporal analysis of the supercontinuum emission.Comment: 5 pages 7 figure

Spatial beam self-cleaning in second-harmonic generation

We experimentally demonstrate the spatial self-cleaning of a highly multimode optical beam, in the process of second-harmonic generation in a quadratic nonlinear potassium titanyl phosphate crystal. As the beam energy grows larger, the output beam from the crystal evolves from a highly speckled intensity pattern into a single, bell-shaped spot, sitting on a low energy background. We demonstrate that quadratic beam cleanup is accompanied by significant self-focusing of the fundamental beam, for both positive and negative signs of the linear phase mismatch close to the phase-matching condition

Weak mutually unbiased bases

Quantum systems with variables in ${\mathbb Z}(d)$ are considered. The properties of lines in the ${\mathbb Z}(d)\times {\mathbb Z}(d)$ phase space of these systems, are studied. Weak mutually unbiased bases in these systems are defined as bases for which the overlap of any two vectors in two different bases, is equal to $d^{-1/2}$ or alternatively to one of the $d_i^{-1/2},0$ (where $d_i$ is a divisor of $d$ apart from $d,1$). They are designed for the geometry of the ${\mathbb Z}(d)\times {\mathbb Z}(d)$ phase space, in the sense that there is a duality between the weak mutually unbiased bases and the maximal lines through the origin. In the special case of prime $d$, there are no divisors of $d$ apart from $1,d$ and the weak mutually unbiased bases are mutually unbiased bases

Therapeutic efficacy of anti-ErbB2 immunoliposomes targeted by a phage antibody selected for cellular endocytosis

AbstractMany targeted cancer therapies require endocytosis of the targeting molecule and delivery of the therapeutic agent to the interior of the tumor cell. To generate single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies capable of triggering receptor-mediated endocytosis, we previously developed a method to directly select phage antibodies for internalization by recovering infectious phage from the cytoplasm of the target cell. Using this methodology, we reported the selection of a panel of scFv that were internalized into breast cancer cells from a nonimmune phage library. For this work, an immunotherapeutic was generated from one of these scFv (F5), which bound to ErbB2 (HER2/neu). The F5 scFv was reengineered with a C-terminal cysteine, expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli, and coupled to sterically stabilized liposomes. F5 anti-ErbB2 immunoliposomes were immunoreactive as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and were avidly internalized by ErbB2-expressing tumor cell lines in proportion to the levels of ErbB2 expression. F5-scFv targeted liposomes containing doxorubicin had antitumor activity and produced significant reduction in tumor size in xenografted mice compared to nontargeted liposomes containing doxorubicin. This strategy should be applicable to generate immunotherapeutics for other malignancies by selecting phage antibodies for internalization into other tumor types and using the scFv to target liposomes or other nanoparticles

Spatiotemporal Nonlinear Interactions in Multimode Fibers

We observe experimentally a novel spatiotemporal dynamics of multimode fibers allowing for a new type of parametric instability and an original phenomenon of light self-organisation. Our experiments agree well with theoretical predictions and numerical simulations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Geochemical Fractionation of Trace Elements between Calcite and Dolomite Fractions Separated from Their Mixture in Some Egyptian Dolomitic Limestone Rocks

Abstract: The present work is an attempt to separate calcite and dolomite fractions from dolomitic limestone samples. Fifty recognized dolomitic limestone samples were selected from several localities to cover most types of the Egyptian dolomitic limestone varieties. A series of experiments was carried out to determine the best conditions for the dissolution of calcite only and hence the chemical separation of calcite from dolomite in the dolomitic limestone samples. Calcite and dolomite were quantitatively differentiated from dolomitic limestone rocks by a method based on the quantitative dissolution of calcite in pH 4 buffer solution. The remaining dolomite is then dissolved in 1 N-HCl. The trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sr & Ba) concentrations in both calcite and dolomite fractions were determined to through light on their distribution. Fe, Mn and Ni show a similar distribution being present in great amount in dolomite fraction than calcite fraction. Sr and Ba also are present to a great extent in dolomite fraction than calcite fraction. Cd, Co, Zn and Pb show distinctly different behavior to that of other elements, they rarely exceed 20 ppm in both calcite and dolomite fraction