Spectral, dyeing and antimicrobial properties of some monoazo naphthalimide dyes on polyamide

A series of monoazo disperse dyes based on naphthalimide has been applied on to the nylon fabrics. The build-up values and dyeing properties of these dyes, such as leveling, and wash, light and rub fastnesses on nylon fabrics have been assessed. The dyes N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide- azo-4″-N,N-diethyl meta toluidine (A) and N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide-azo-2″- acetylamino-4″- N,N- diethyl aniline (B) show higher build-up values on polyamide fabrics as compared to the dyes N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide- azo- 4″- N-hydroxy ethyl-N- ethyl aniline (C) and N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide- azo- 4″- N-hydroxy ethyl-N- ethyl aniline quaternized with 1- bromobutane (D). All of the applied dyes exhibit excellent rub fastness, good wash fastness and moderate light fastness on nylon fabrics. In addition, the molar extinction coefficient, wavelengths of the maximum absorption and solvatochromism effects have also been studied using chloroform, toluene, and DMF as solvents. Positive solvatochromism occurs when toluene is replaced by DMF as solvent. The antimicrobial properties of dyed fabrics are evaluated against various bacteria; the dyed fabrics exhibit antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Embodied Processing at Six Linguistic Granularity Levels: A Consensus Paper

Language processing is influenced by sensorimotor experiences. Here, we review behavioral evidence for embodied and grounded influences in language processing across six linguistic levels of granularity. We examine (a) sub-word features, discussing grounded influences on iconicity (systematic associations between word form and meaning); (b) words, discussing boundary conditions and generalizations for the simulation of color, sensory modality, and spatial position; (c) sentences, discussing boundary conditions and applications of action direction simulation; (d) texts, discussing how the teaching of simulation can improve comprehension in beginning readers; (e) conversations, discussing how multi-modal cues improve turn taking and alignment; and (f) text corpora, discussing how distributional semantic models can reveal how grounded and embodied knowledge is encoded in texts. These approaches are converging on a convincing account of the psychology of language, but at the same time, there are important criticisms of the embodied approach and of specific experimental paradigms. The surest way forward requires the adoption of a wide array of scientific methods. By providing complimentary evidence, a combination of multiple methods on various levels of granularity can help us gain a more complete understanding of the role of embodiment and grounding in language processing

Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: II Intervention Effectiveness Across Time

Implicit preferences are malleable, but does that change last? We tested 9 interventions (8 real and 1 sham) to reduce implicit racial preferences over time. In 2 studies with a total of 6,321 participants, all 9 interventions immediately reduced implicit preferences. However, none were effective after a delay of several hours to several days. We also found that these interventions did not change explicit racial preferences and were not reliably moderated by motivations to respond without prejudice. Short-term malleability in implicit preferences does not necessarily lead to long-term change, raising new questions about the flexibility and stability of implicit preferences. (PsycINFO Database Recor

Processing Ordinality and Quantity: The Case of Developmental Dyscalculia

In contrast to quantity processing, up to date, the nature of ordinality has received little attention from researchers despite the fact that both quantity and ordinality are embodied in numerical information. Here we ask if there are two separate core systems that lie at the foundations of numerical cognition: (1) the traditionally and well accepted numerical magnitude system but also (2) core system for representing ordinal information. We report two novel experiments of ordinal processing that explored the relation between ordinal and numerical information processing in typically developing adults and adults with developmental dyscalculia (DD). Participants made “ordered” or “non-ordered” judgments about 3 groups of dots (non-symbolic numerical stimuli; in Experiment 1) and 3 numbers (symbolic task: Experiment 2). In contrast to previous findings and arguments about quantity deficit in DD participants, when quantity and ordinality are dissociated (as in the current tasks), DD participants exhibited a normal ratio effect in the non-symbolic ordinal task. They did not show, however, the ordinality effect. Ordinality effect in DD appeared only when area and density were randomized, but only in the descending direction. In the symbolic task, the ordinality effect was modulated by ratio and direction in both groups. These findings suggest that there might be two separate cognitive representations of ordinal and quantity information and that linguistic knowledge may facilitate estimation of ordinal information

Engineered Toxins “Zymoxins” Are Activated by the HCV NS3 Protease by Removal of an Inhibitory Protein Domain

The synthesis of inactive enzyme precursors, also known as “zymogens,” serves as a mechanism for regulating the execution of selected catalytic activities in a desirable time and/or site. Zymogens are usually activated by proteolytic cleavage. Many viruses encode proteases that execute key proteolytic steps of the viral life cycle. Here, we describe a proof of concept for a therapeutic approach to fighting viral infections through eradication of virally infected cells exclusively, thus limiting virus production and spread. Using the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model, we designed two HCV NS3 protease-activated “zymogenized” chimeric toxins (which we denote “zymoxins”). In these recombinant constructs, the bacterial and plant toxins diphtheria toxin A (DTA) and Ricin A chain (RTA), respectively, were fused to rationally designed inhibitor peptides/domains via an HCV NS3 protease-cleavable linker. The above toxins were then fused to the binding and translocation domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin A in order to enable translocation into the mammalian cells cytoplasm. We show that these toxins exhibit NS3 cleavage dependent increase in enzymatic activity upon NS3 protease cleavage in vitro. Moreover, a higher level of cytotoxicity was observed when zymoxins were applied to NS3 expressing cells or to HCV infected cells, demonstrating a potential therapeutic window. The increase in toxin activity correlated with NS3 protease activity in the treated cells, thus the therapeutic window was larger in cells expressing recombinant NS3 than in HCV infected cells. This suggests that the “zymoxin” approach may be most appropriate for application to life-threatening acute infections where much higher levels of the activating protease would be expected

Les principaux aspects du droit israélien relatifs à la garde des enfants et notamment l'application de l'« intérêt bien compris de l'enfant »

General : Parental duties before parental « rights ». Multiple tribunals competent to adjudicate and multiple parties competent to intervene in Custody proceedings. Main Principles of the « best interests of the child » — doctrine : (b.i.o.t.c.) B.I.O.T.C. — key to solution of ail conflictual issues : a « weighing of priorities » and a choice of « the lesser evil » ; situation of parents (including morally) — important but not decisive considération ; B.I. O. T. C. — a dynamic and changing determination. Main Complementary Principles of B.I.O.T.C. : Equal Parental Guardianship ; « Tender Age »—presumption ; family integrity ; preferral of child's natural parents ; B.I.O.T.C. — ultimate consideration in religious education ; relative weight to child's wishes in determining his welfare.Ligne générale : les devoirs des parents avant leurs « droits ». La multiplicité des tribunaux compétents à statuer, et des parties qualifiées à intervenir dans les litiges en matière de garde. Les principes essentiels de la doctrine de « l'intérêt bien compris de l'enfant » qui donne la solution de tous les conflits : « peser les priorités », et choisir le « moindre mal ». La situation des parents (notamment quant à leur moralité) est une considération importante, mais pas décisive. « L'intérêt bien compris de l'enfant », un facteur dynamique et changeant à déterminer. Principaux principes complétant la doctrine de l'intérêt bien compris de l'enfant : l'intégrité de la famille ; la préférence donnée aux parents naturels, l'éducation religieuse .une considération ultime. Le poids relatif des désirs de l'enfant pour décider de son bien-être.Shaki A.-H. Les principaux aspects du droit israélien relatifs à la garde des enfants et notamment l'application de l'« intérêt bien compris de l'enfant ». In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 36 N°2, Avril-juin 1984. pp. 333-372