Gross energy requirement in fishing operations

Energy is a key input into the fish harvesting process. Efficient use of energy helps in reducing operational costs and environmental impact, while increasing profits. Energy optimisation is an important aspect of responsible fishing as enunciated in the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Gross Energy Requirement (GER) is the sum of all non-renewable energy resources consumed in making available a product or service and is expressed in energy units per physical unit of product or service delivered. GER is a measure of intensity of non-renewable resource use and it reflects the amount of depletion of earth’s inherited store of non-renewable energy in order to create and make available a product or service. In this study, GER in fish harvesting up to the point of landing is estimated in selected fish harvesting systems in the small-mechanised sectors of Indian fisheries and compared with reported results from selected non mechanised and motorised fishing systems to reflect the situation during 1997-1998. Among the fish harvesting systems studied, GER t fish-1 ranged from 5.54 and 5.91 GJ, respectively, for wooden and steel purse seiners powered by 156 hp engines; 6.40 GJ for wooden purse seiner with 235 hp engine; 25.18 GJ for mechanised gillnet/line fishing vessel with 89 hp engines; to 31.40 and 36.97 GJ, respectively, for wooden and steel trawlers powered by 99-106 hp engines

Strategies for the development and management of purse seine fishing in India

Purse seine, an important bulk catching method was first evolved In the Atlantic Coast during the last quarter of the 19th century and in India the developmental efforts were initialed by the Indo-Norwegian Project in 1954 and the operations on commercial lines were taken up from 1976 onwards. Enterprising fishermen of Karnataka were the first to Introduce this modern method of fishing, switching over from the traditional rampant nets. The purse seines spread to Kerala and Goa later. Inilially boats of different length and deck arrangements were tried and after gaining competency, 15 m boat emerged as the suitable vessel with deck arrangement for portside operation of purse seine net of 600 m length and 55 m 'depth

On the little known species of threadfin breams Nemipterus mesoprion (Bleeker) and Nemipterus delagoae (Smith)

Among the fish species of the family Nemipteridae, the two little known species, namely, Nemipterus mesoprion (Bleeker) and Nemipterus delagoae (Smith) are recorded from the Cochin waters. Nemipterus mesoprion is a new distributional record from the west coast of India. N. delagoae is described with adequate numbers of specimen for the first time from Indian waters. Moreover, the results of the present study show that the colour of the viscera, the number of pyloric caeca and the gill rakers can also be used for the diagnosis of the species of the genus Nemipterus. The affinity of the above species with other related species of the genus Nemipterus and their geographical distribution are presented

On a record of the spiny lobster Panulirus penicillatus Olivier from Madras

The occurrence of the spiny lobster, Panulirus penicillatus off Madras is reported for the first time. Eight species of palinurid loteters, namely, Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus), P. omatus (Fabridus), P. paiyphagus (Herbst), P. txrsicolor (Latreille), P. longipes longipes (A. Milne Edwards), P. penicillatus (Olivier), Palinustus mossambicus (Barnard), and Puerulus sewelli (Ramadan) are recorded from Indian waters. While four spedes, P. homarus, P. omatus, P. polyphagus and the deep sea lobster, P. sewelli form fairly good fishery, P. versicolor, P. penicillatus, P. longipes longipes and P. mossambicus are caught in small numbers

IMPACT OF ICT KNOWLEDGE, LIBRARY INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ON STUDENTS’ USAGE OF E-RESOURCES - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

E-resources play a major role in current educational scenario. Most of the institutions have been shifting their all type of resources / data into e resources. Reason of technological up-gradation the students’ community is having facilities to access e resources in any time at any places. Researcher focuses on the usage of e-resources by students of central university of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the leading universities in Tamil Nadu which has successfully maintained e-resources in their campus in order to benefit their students. The main objective of the paper is to analysis the impact of ICT knowledge, Library Infrastructure facilities and Motivational factors on Students’ usage of E-resources. For this purpose, researcher has collected 110 questionnaires from the students. The data was collected using systematic random sampling method. Tool is validated through Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to analysis the data. The major findings are ICT knowledge of student is the main source to increase the usage of e-resources and professors & Library staff members are the major motivator to boost the usage of e-resources of student. So, library members and Professors may conduct various seminars and workshops in order to enhance the ICT knowledge of students

On the troll line investigations off Cochin during five fishing seasons. Pt. 3. Investigations during 1965-66 and 1966-67 seasons

During these two seasons investigations were carried out with a view to exploring the possibility of this operation on commercial basis and to study the effect of certain meteorological factors on catch

CYTOTOXICITY OF PUNARNAVA (BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA L.) IN BREAST CELL LINE

The incidence of cancer especially breast cancer is increasing alarmingly worldwide with a high percentage of death especially in developing countries. The Ayurvedic system treasures a host of medicinal formulations that have been shown to possess cytotoxic effects on tumor cell lines. Recently herbal medicines are coming to play a more vital role in the reduction and prevention of cancer. Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Punarnava), an annual herb has been used for managing wide range of diseases including cancer. This herb was also screened for various pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic activities and others. The decoction of root of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Punarnava) was not scientifically evaluated for cytotoxicity. So the current study investigates the In vitro Cytotoxicity of root of decoction of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa L.) in breast cell line (MCF-7). The five different concentrations of decoction of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.) were used for In vitro Cytotoxicity by MTT assay at 24 hours and 48 hours. The test sample exhibits cytotoxicity of about 65.1±1.2at 800 µg/ ml concentration (48 hours) of incubation in MCF-7 breast cell line. The results were also analyzed statistically. It showed that there is highly significant difference in the percentage of inhibition of test sample in concentration from 50µg/ml -800µg/ml. The findings of this investigation concluded that the study drug Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Punarnava) has anti-cancer activity in MCF-7 breast cell line

Energy analysis of the ring seine operations, off Cochin, Kerala

Ring seines are lightly constructed purse seines adapted for operation in the traditional sector. Fish production and energy requirement in the ring seine operations, off Cochin, Kerala, India are discussed in this paper, based on data collected during 1997- 1998. The results reflect the Gross Energy Requirement (GER) situation that existed during 1997-1998. Mean catch per ring seiner per year worked out to be 211.9 t of which sardines (Sardinella spp.) constituted 44.3%, followed by Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) 29.7%, carangids 11.4%, penaeid prawns 2.2%, pomfrets 1.1% and miscellaneous fish 11.3%. Total energy inputs into the ring seine operations were estimated to be 1300.8 GJ. Output by way of fish production was determined to be 931.85 GJ. GER is the sum of all non-renewable energy resources consumed in making available a product or service and is a measure of intensity of non-renewable resource use. GER per tonne of fish landed by ring seiners was estimated to be 6.14. Among the operational inputs, kerosene constituted 73.4% of the GER, followed by petrol (12.7%), diesel (6.7%) and lubricating oil (2.4%). Fishing gear contributed 3.8%, engine 0.8% and fishing craft 0.3% of the GER. Energy ratio for ring seining was 0.72 and energy intensity 1.40

Energy efficiency in trawling operations

Diurnal variation in trawl catches and its influence on energy efficiency of trawler operations are discussed in this paper, based on data on landings of a Japanese factory trawler which operated in the Indian waters during 1992-93. The factory vessel equipped for stern trawling had a length overall of 110 m, GT of 5460 and installed engine power of 5700 hp. Operations were conducted off west coast of India between 31 and 278 m depth contours, using a 80.4 m high opening bottom trawl with an adjusted vertical opening of 7.60.9 m. The catch data was grouped according to the median towing hour, by the time of the day. CPUE obtained was 3713.4 kg.h-1 for day time operations and 1536.6 kg.h-1 for night-time operations. Mean daily catches were 31367 kg.day-1 (SE: 2743) for day time operations and 9430 kg.day-1 (SE: 966) for night-time operations. Fuel consumption were 0.399 and 0.982 kg fuel.kg fish-1, respectively for day and night-time operations. Total catch and catch components such as threadfin bream, bulls eye, hairtails, trevelly, lizard fish showed significant improvement during day-time operations while swarming crabs showed a significant improvement in the night-time operations. The difference in catch rates between day and night could be attributed to diurnal variation in the spatial distribution and schooling behaviour of the catch categories, their differential behaviour in the vicinity of trawl systems under varying light levels of day and night and consequent effect on catching efficiency and size selectivity at different stages in the capture process. The results obtained in addition to its importance in the operational planning of trawling in order to realise objectives of maximising catch per unit effort and minimising fuel consumption per unit volume of fish caught, has added significance in the use of bottom trawl surveys in stock abundance estimates

Incidence of pseudohermaphroditism in the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (linnaeus)

Specimens of the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus ranging in size from 22.3 - 97.5 mm carapace length (67 - 245 mm total length) with well developed male genital system, but with biramous pleojxxls (as in females) were recorded in 1987,1988 and 1989 from trammel net catches off Kovalam, near Madras. The probable factors responsible for this sexual abnormality have been discussed