Treatment of food processing industrial wastewater using two stages anaerobic system

The wastewater produced by food manufacturing industry is known for its high concentration of COD and suspended solid. In wastewater treatment, anaerobic process is favorable due to its low cost, biogas production, low sludge production and more. In this study, upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and hybrid-UASB (HUASB) reactors, were combined with anaerobic filter (AF) bioreactors forming two stages system to treat food processing industry wastewater. This study was focused on the performance of UASB-AF (R1) and HUASB-AF (R2) treatment systems and the granules development. Seed sludge was deposited into HUASB column up to a third of the height. Palm oil shells were then packed into the HUASB (above seed sludge) as well as AF reactors to promote growth of microorganisms. The R1 and R2 systems were operated simultaneously, fed with raw food manufacturing wastewater taken from Azhar Food Manufacturing Factory. Parameters measured to evaluate the performance of the process were pH, COD, NH3-N, oil and grease and total phosphorus. The highest average COD removal efficiency, at 99%, were detected in R1 and R2 systems, both at OLR 10.56 g COD/L.d. Moreover, the presence of aggregated bio particles with diameter ranges from 2.934 to 5.00 mm were observed in both UASB and HUASB reactors. The highest percentage of 2.934 to 5.00 mm diameter granules were 7.6 % and 10.7% in the UASB and HUASB respectively. In addition, the highest removal rate coefficient, k values for UASB and HUASB were 2.1981 and 3.3950, occurred at OLR 8.59 and 10.56 g COD/L.d, respectively. Overall, the k values have proved that HUASB reactor had performed better than UASB reactor

Note taking organizer application based on #Hashtag / Shahrul Afiq Asyraaf Shahrul Azman

This research was about developing a mobile application that allows the user to create note by adding other media content such as images and audio. Besides that this application can be search by hashtag. The hashtag act as the header or title of each note. The problem statement was the user can actually create a same title to a different note. It may be hard and time consuming for the user to search or find the previous note and some notes even end up missing. There were three objectives that need to be achieved in this project which were, to gather and analyze the requirement from the students about their way of note taking using smartphones, to design mobile application that can store note taking and some media content and to develop a Note Taking Organizer Application Based On #Hashtag. There are one actor involved in this application which is the student. This project used the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which consists of three phases which are the requirement gathering and analysis, the design phase and development phase with each of the phases had its own activities involved and the deliverables. Each phases achieved each objectives of the project. The findings of this project is to enable the user to search or find their notes easier by using the hashtag tagging as their header or title. The application can be used by many user from their own device. The limitations for this project is the storage of the notes itself must be reliable with the space storage of the phone. The recommendations for the project are the notes can be shared among other users in the future

Job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Tawau, Sabah

In order for the teachers to function effectively in a school system, it is important that teachers need to seek satisfaction and happiness not only in the intrinsic aspects of teaching job but also in other dimensions related to the teacher work experience in the wider social environment. This paper examines the level and differences in the job satisfaction of 200 Sabah secondary school teachers with respect to the various teachers characteristics identified as gender, service category, job title, tenure and place of origin. Data was collected through survey questionnaire. The finding reveals that secondary school teachers in Tawau, Sabah are generally satisfied with their job. There is significant relationship between job satisfaction and gender, whereby the male teachers are generally more satisfied than female teachers. The graduate teachers are more satisfied than non-graduate teachers. The higher ranking teachers are more satisfied than the ordinary teachers. Also, older teachers are more satisfied than younger teachers. However, there is no significant relationship between places of origin of teachers with job satisfaction. Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed

Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Contractor in Industrialised Building System (IBS) Implementation

this paper is identifying and ranking the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for contractors in implementing lBS and also creating a project management guideline for contractor in order to implement IBS. This is done by relating the CSFs and the basic concept of construction project management. In general, the CSFs highlighted from both literatures and interview session from pilot survey are categorised as business strategies, finance, partnering and contract, enabling factors, roles and in-house manufacturing, lean and advanced planning, skills, process management and finally training and education

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of plume behavior from an eccentric annulus cylinder

In this paper, a double-population thermal lattice Boltzmann was applied to solve two dimensional, incompressible, thermal fluid flow problems. The simplest lattice BGK D2Q4 model was applied to determine the temperature field while D2Q9 for the density and velocity fields. The simulation of natural convection from a concentrically and eccentrically placed inner heated cylinder inside cold outer cylinder with Prandtl number 0.71 and Rayleigh number 5 x was observed that the combination of D2Q4 and D2Q9 10 5 were carried out and discussed quantitatively. It was able to reproduce the effect of buoyancy force in the system. We also found that the flow pattern including the boundary layers and vortices with heat transfer mechanisms is significantly influenced by the position of heated cylinder in the enclosure and excellent comparisons with previous studies

The Comparison of Adiponectin Level between Metabolic Syndrome Patients and Naive Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Aim: To show the adiponectin concentration in metabolic syndrome which compared to naïve type 2 diabetic.Method: We conducted the adiponectin serum level cross sectionals from 16 metabolic syndrome patients (criteria from IDF 2005) and 16 naïve type 2 diabetic patients (criteria from WHO). For comparison adiponectin level between metabolic syndrome and diabetic patient were used t independent if the distribution weResults: The adiponectin serum level in metabolic syndrome patients is lower compared to naïve type 2 diabetic patients but the differences is not statistically significant (3.7413 ± 1.61 vs 4.7538 ± 2.09; p= 0.135). The adiponectin level has negative correlation with waist circumference (r= -0.373, p= 0.035), white blood cell (r= -0.39, p= 0.027) and positive correlation with HDL cholesterol (r= +0.457, p= 0.009)Conclusion: There was no significant differences of adiponectin level between metabolic syndrome and naïve type 2 diabetic, level adiponectin not only determined by blood glucose. The adiponectin serum is important marker, which can be used to measure inflammation level. Keywords : Adiponectin, metabolic syndrome, naïve type 2 diabetes, inflammatio