Efficient and Low-Cost RFID Authentication Schemes

Security in passive resource-constrained Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is of much interest nowadays. Resistance against illegal tracking, cloning, timing, and replay attacks are necessary for a secure RFID authentication scheme. Reader authentication is also necessary to thwart any illegal attempt to read the tags. With an objective to design a secure and low-cost RFID authentication protocol, Gene Tsudik proposed a timestamp-based protocol using symmetric keys, named YA-TRAP*. Although YA-TRAP* achieves its target security properties, it is susceptible to timing attacks, where the timestamp to be sent by the reader to the tag can be freely selected by an adversary. Moreover, in YA-TRAP*, reader authentication is not provided, and a tag can become inoperative after exceeding its pre-stored threshold timestamp value. In this paper, we propose two mutual RFID authentication protocols that aim to improve YA-TRAP* by preventing timing attack, and by providing reader authentication. Also, a tag is allowed to refresh its pre-stored threshold value in our protocols, so that it does not become inoperative after exceeding the threshold. Our protocols also achieve other security properties like forward security, resistance against cloning, replay, and tracking attacks. Moreover, the computation and communication costs are kept as low as possible for the tags. It is important to keep the communication cost as low as possible when many tags are authenticated in batch-mode. By introducing aggregate function for the reader-to-server communication, the communication cost is reduced. We also discuss different possible applications of our protocols. Our protocols thus capture more security properties and more efficiency than YA-TRAP*. Finally, we show that our protocols can be implemented using the current standard low-cost RFID infrastructures.Comment: 21 pages, Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications (JoWUA), Vol 2, No 3, pp. 4-25, 201

Do Personality Traits of Accountants Affect Their Performance and Ethical Judgment?

Performance has received much attention in accounting studies. Accounting academics are interested in explaining and predicting performance at the industry, organization, and individual levels. This three-paper dissertation attempts to explain three aspects of accountants’ job performance and ethical judgment with reference to their personality traits.Past literature show the effect of personality on performance. The first study adds to this line of research by testing the mediating effects of task selection on the performance of accountants as predicted by personality. Specifically I hypothesize task-selection mediates the positive effects of Conscientiousness and the negative effects of Extraversion on performance of staff accountants. As a whole the hypotheses are not supported. However, I find that Extraversion negatively affects task-selection and performance, Conscientiousness positively affects performance, and expressed preferences for technical tasks negatively affect performance. Past literature show the effect of supervisor support, abuse, and feedback on subordinate’s performance. In the second study I hypothesize that Openness and Agreeableness positively affect support, Neuroticism positively affects abuse, and Extraversion and Conscientiousness positively affect feedback. I find that Agreeableness positively affects support, Neuroticism positively affects the supervisor’s abuse and Extraversion and Conscientiousness positively affect feedback. Additionally I find Extraversion and Conscientiousness positively affect support, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness negatively affect abuse, and Agreeableness positively affects feedback. In the third study, I test the effects of two of the Big Five personality traits, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, on the ethical decision-making process of accountants. I posit that accountants high in Conscientiousness will tend to form a commitment to act ethically (confront their superior) despite pressure in an ethical dilemma. I also posit that accountants high in Agreeableness will tend to give in to such pressure. Both Conscientiousness and Agreeableness show the hypothesized effects on intention to act ethically, subject to the elimination of responses from those who express certainty that they would confront the superior. Some complexities of observing the effects of Agreeableness in an experiment are revealed. The results of these studies can benefit accounting firms in hiring and positioning the right accountants for the right jobs. It also adds to our understanding of the ethical decision making process

Sustainable Economic Growth: A Challenge to Embrace for Bangladesh

The economy of Bangladesh is moving from a predominantly agricultural economy to a service sector dominated industry-based economy In recent times the word sustainable growth becomes a highly questionable word in Bangladesh However what does it mean And how can Bangladesh make a sustainable economic growth In general terms sustainable growth means a rate of growth which can be maintained without creating other significant economic problems especially for future generations If we extend sustainable growth in terms of GDP growth then indeed Bangladesh is in a way to achieve sustainable growth Between 2003 from 2017 last 14 years Bangladesh averaged a GDP growth rate of 6 3 It is unlikely significant to achieve once 6 GDP growth or higher and plunging in the following year However it is difficult to constantly hold the average GDP rate of 6 or higher In contemporary years despite political turmoil Bangladesh has done a great job to hold the GDP at 6 more or less an average economic growth which is much higher than some other countries in South Asia or South East Asi

On The Non-linear Distortion Effects in an OFDM-RoF Link

Radio over Fiber (RoF) system is a promising technique for microcell and picocell applications for deployment of future ubiquitous wireless data networks. However, the performance of RoF systems can be severely degraded due to non-linear effects in the channel. Also, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), as a standard for broadband wireless networks, is being proposed for deployment with RoF systems to facilitate the total performance of a system. In this research, at first, the performance of OFDM-based RoF link with Mach-Zehnder modulator distortion effects has been analyzed at 5.8 GHz. Evaluation of mean-squared error of the proposed OFDM-RoF system was carried out to compare with the conventional single carrier system based RoF link after the modulator distortion case and also for fixed Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of 20 dB using undistorted OFDM signal. Later, nominal and offset biasing pre-distortion techniques are applied in proposed system to linearize the OFDM-RoF link. Thus, finally a comparison between the aforementioned pre-distortion techniques applied showed important observation in terms of distortion-free dynamic range and SNR to choose offset pre-distortion technique for our proposed system

Sino–Bangla Bilateral Trade (Trade Analysis and Future Development)

Association between Bangladesh and China started long time ago but it get a pace when both the countries started bilateral relationships and trading. In 2010, the leaders from two countries declared to make closer comprehensive partnership of cooperation. The bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and China has maintained a good momentum of development since 2013. This paper analyzed the effect of current trade patterns, regional scenario and trade relations between China and Bangladesh and proposed the counter measures for improving further development. It also describes the strong products and sectors of trade in between these two countries which indicates the future of development sectors too. Keywords: SINO-BANGLA trade statistics, Trade effect, Trade Developmen