Blurred Vision in a Patient Suffering from Endometriosis and Epilepsy

A 25-year-old lady was referred to Basir eye clinic for the visual evoked potential examination. Her medical history showed she had endometriosis and epilepsy, for which she used dienogest and carbamazepine. Certain drugs produce visual disturbances, which can be diagnosed based on the visual evoked potential examination

Secondary Brain Lymphoma in a Case of Breast Diffused Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Case Report

Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) is known as a rare disease. The risk factor of developing SCNSL is primary lymphoma type and site of involvement. We present a patient with an altered mental status known case of breast diffused large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who underwent stereotactic biopsy because of a left periventricular mass lesion, which diagnosed as secondary brain lymphoma after pathologic typing. Because of limited data about the secondary central nervous system, lymphoma and it is a risk factor, we reported an aggressive breast DLBCL with brain involvement

Assessment of the toxicity effects of nicotine on sperm and IVF and the potential protective role of silymarin—an experimental study in mice

Abstract Background: Male infertility is usually caused via the inability to produce adequate quantities of healthy and active sperms. Nicotine (NIC) is an alkaloid organic compound, predominantly found in the leaves of the tobacco plant. The major part of the nicotine is not ionized, so it can easily pass through cell membranes. Meanwhile, most of the disorders are caused by oxidative stress due to oxygen free radicals and other reactive species. Antioxidant supplements and antioxidant-rich foods can reduce induced oxidative stress without becoming destabilized themselves. This study aimed to examine spermato-protective potential of silymarin (SIL), on sperm and in vitro fertility (IVF) rate in nicotine-treated mice. Results: Our results show a significant increase in the number of abnormal sperm morphology after nicotine exposure, when compared to control groups (p < 0.05). On the other hand, SIL had a significant effect on the sperm count at each of the treated doses. Further, in the mice that received nicotine plus silymarin, the viable sperm percentage and the progressive sperm motility were significant (p < 0.05). Also, a significant reduction in the number of two-cell embryos and blastocyst-derived embryo was seen with increment in the number of dead embryos in mice receiving nicotine alone (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, SIL could support prevention of the adverse reproductive effects of nicotine. Moreover, SIL200 mg/kg may be therefore considered as a spermato-protective agent in dietary and herbal supplements. © 2020, The Author(s). Author:Antioxidant, Fertility, In vitro fertility, Nicotine, Silymarin, Spermatogenesi

Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Different Educational Aspects of Surgical Specialties’ Residency Program: A Preliminary Report

Introduction: The lifestyle and learning of trainees from different surgical specialties have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the growing body of research, the extent to which their surgical or educational performance is affected is not yet well-understood. We investigated the Iranian multi-specialty surgical residents nationwide to clarify the extent this new pandemic’s has affected their surgical and educational activities. Material and Methods: Our specialized board designed a questionnaire which was sent to residents from the 18th of May to 12th of Jun 2020. The questionnaire comprised demographic data, questions on the clinical, surgical, and educational activities during and before the pandemic. Results: Out of 700 eligible residents, 543 (77%) submitted their answers to all questions. 417 (76.8%) of the respondents declared they had spent their residency program at a hospital that was the main referral center for patients with COVID-19 infection. The weekly number of the outpatient and emergent visits decreased by one third (P&lt;0.001) and one-half (P&lt;0.001), respectively, following the pandemic. Also, the amount of surgeries has dramatically decreased (P&lt;0.001). The median weekly hours devoted to face-to-face activities decreased, while the study time increased and the share of virtual education has a five-fold increase (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: This pandemic had a significant impact on many aspects of training in surgical specialties’ residency program in Iran. Increasing the time available to study is an opportunity, and online education, despite its challenges, has been effective

An Interpretative Structural Model on Effective Factors of The Suppliers’ Selection Based on CSR

Nowadays many organizations involved in environmental, social and economic concerns and measure supplier performance on the fields; including the effect that "corporate social responsibility" could have on the suppliers’ selection. The aim of this study is determine of a model to selection of suppliers based on corporate social responsibility. By a review of research literature and obtaining the opinion of experts, the issues were identified in the 5 dimensions (organizational commitment, employee, commitment to society and citizenship, moral commitments, environmental commitments) and 17 indicators. Then the matrix structured questionnaire was developed to determine the intermediate relationship of these indicators. Questionnaire's obtained data analyses using ISM so it was traced 6 levels in an interactive network that indicator "focus on sustainable development" was at the highest level. Also, influence and dependence of the indicators relative to each other on the matrix influence-dependence was evaluated. The most influential indicator in the matrix influence-dependence is "Providing relevant training in CSR to the suppliers”; so the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the selection of suppliers depends on their training and to be with this attitude, long-term plans would be design on the basis of social responsibility training specifically for supplier

Glioblastoma Simultaneously Present with Adjacent Meningioma: Case report

In this article, we report a 49-year-old woman with simultaneous meningioma and astrocytoma occurrence in the same patients without radiotherapy, phacomatosis, or any genetic disorders. We aimed to define surgical management and the etiopathogenic correlations of meningioma with glioblastoma

Ankylosing Spondylitis associated with intracranial aneurysms: report of 2 cases

ABSTRACTCerebral  aneurysms  are  the  major  cause  of  subarachnoid  hemorrhage.  Common  ascribed  etiologies  arehemodynamic  factors  such  as  atherosclerosis,   hypertension,  infection,  trauma,  polycyctic   kidney  disease, connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos disease, Marfan syndrome, and familial predisposition. However, its association with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is not clear. Here, we report 2 patients with AS who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage which was finally confirmed to be due to cerebral aneurysms, one in posterior communicating artery and the other in basilar artery tip). The patients had no history of hypertension or any other disease. Our data may not strongly suggest that vascular changes due to AS are etiological factors for developing intracranial aneurysm, but this report may show the possibility for existence of an association between these diseases, which has to be confirmed by more genetic and pathologic studies

Factors Contributing to Postanesthetic Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Anaesthesia

Emergence Agitation that has been first described by Eckenhoff et al. in 1960’s is a dissociated state of consciousness in which the child is inconsolable, irritable, uncooperative, typically thrashing, crying, moaning or incoherent. It is also a common problem in pediatric postanesthetic care unit with an incidence ranging from 10 to 80%. This literature review focused on presence of Emergence Agitation and contributing factors in children under general anaesthesia. It was conducted on Medline in PubMed area, Alta Vista Data bases, CINHAL and Google scholar in January 2013 for publications written in English with the following keywords: “Emergence Agitation, Etiology, Treatment, Pediatric Anaesthesia, Postanesthetic Care Unit, Children, inhaled anesthetics, intravenous anesthetics and Post Anesthetic Emergence Delirium”. In this paper, we intend to review the factors contributing postanesthetic emergence agitation in children to improve our vision in this area

Genetic linkage Analysis of DFNB1)GJB6 (and DFNB4 (SLC26A4) loci with Autosomal Recessive Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss (ARNSHL) in Kermanshah, a western province of Iran

Background: Hearing Loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder in human with an incidence of about one in 650 alive neonates. It is estimated that at least 50% of pre-lingual HL has a genetic basis. Almost 70% of genetic HL are non-syndromic (NSHL) and of NSHL cases, the autosomal recessive form (ARNSHL) comprises about 80%. Iranian population especially the Kurdish ethnicity with high consanguinity rate offers suitable opportunity for the study of ARNSHL. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of DFNB1 (GJB6) and DFNB4 (SLC26A4) loci in ARNSHL in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: DFNB1 (GJB6) and DFNB4 (SLC26A4) loci were analysed in a cohort study on 28 ARNSHL families (GJB2- negative) from Kermanshah province in Iran. Genetic linkage analysis was applied on 140 samples from 140 individuals by polymerase chain reaction – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PCR-PAGE) technique. Silver staining was used for visualizing the bands. At least, two informative screening markers were analyzed for each locus. Haplotypes were analyzed to determine linkage.Results: None of the families studied showed linkage to DFNB1 and DFNB4 loci.Conclusions: Our experiment, similar to previous studies, imply the absence of GJB6 mutations in Iran. None of the families showed linkage to DFNB4 locus. As it normally ranks second after DFNB1 in Iran and other parts of the world, more studies are warranted on more families to elucidate the role of this locus as well as other loci in etiogy of ARNSHL

Geometry effect on fracture behavior of V-notched specimens

Geometric constraint is one of the important issues that affect the fracture behavior of different notched components. Specimens with the same notch geometry can have different fracture strengths due to the geometric constraints around the notch tip. In this paper, the fracture behavior of three different testing specimens made of General Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS) has been studied using an energy-based criterion namely the Average Strain Energy Density (ASED) criterion. According to the formulation of the ASED criterion, all the stress terms around the notch tip were taken into account by considering a volumetric energy-based criterion and the brittle fracture of different GPPS specimens with various geometry constraints were well predicted