Situation of Speech Therapy Information Management in Rehabilitation Centers Affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Science

Introduction: Health Information Management is a profession that attends to the nature, structure, and translation of data into usable forms of information to promote health and health care of individuals and populations. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the situation of speech therapy information management in rehabilitation centers affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Science. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2013 to assess the speech therapy information management in rehabilitation centers affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool is a check list designed based on previous studies and also analyzed using SPSS21and One Sample t Test (to compare the average of statistical sample with that of statistical population). Results: There Result of total rate was so: demographic data (2/15 ± 42/0) method of storing and retrieving information (1/54 ± 48/0) data processing (1/45 ± 48/0) and calculation of indices (1/73 ± 56/0).This indicates that the demographic sub-scales are favorable, but the other sub-scales of speech therapy information management are unfavorable at the rehabilitation centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Conclusion: The existence of dynamic and efficient speech therapy information management system is necessary. Therefore, the rules and standards should be suitable to collect, store, and analyze the data, retrieve the information, and regularly report to ensure effectiveness of service

FeMn2O4 nanoparticles coated dual responsive temperature and pH-responsive polymer as a magnetic nano-carrier for controlled delivery of letrozole anti-cancer

Objective(s): For cancer cells, an efficient and selective drug delivery vehicle can remarkably improve therapeutic approaches. This paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic MnFe2O4 NPs and their incorporation in a dual temperature and pH-responsive polymer, which can serve as an efficient drug carrier. Materials and Methods: MnFe2O4 NPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation technique and coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and modified with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). Then, it was used in the reaction medium during the synthesis of a temperature and pH-responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinyl acetate-co-methacrylic acid). The prepared vehicle was characterized by FESEM, XRD, VSM, and FT-IR. Letrozole was used as a model drug and its loading and release and LCST of the vehicles were evaluated. Results: The results for LCST measurements reveal that the phase transition of polymer occurs at temperatures in the range of 37-40 ºC which is in the range of body conditions. Results for loading efficiency shows that maximum loading occur in about 10 h. The loading % for nano-carrier was lower than plain polymer which was due to lower polymer content in the nano-carrier with the same weight compare to the plain polymer. The results for drug release showed that the release of letrozole in pH 1.2, 5.5 and 7.2 was about 80, 45 and 35% for plain polymer and 81, 56 and 50% for the nano-carrier respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the prepared magnetic nano-carrier can be a suitable candidate for site-specific and controlled anti-cancer delivery through oral administration

In vitro evaluation of the effect of black tea decoction extract on Leishmania major promastigotes

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran and parasites disease without an effective medical treatment.  In this study we attempted to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of the black tea decoction extract as herbal medicines. L. major promastigotes were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium enriched with 10% FCS in the presence of 10, 20, 30 and 40% of extracts. Parasites behavioral reaction and growth pattern was monitored after 0.5, 1, 5, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-seeding by counting fixed parasites in a haemocytometer chamber and observing their motility pattern and shape by invert microscopy. Parasite viability was evaluated by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.  The results indicated that the number of promastigotes in groups containing 10, 20, 30 and 40% extract had decreased after 24, 28 and 72 hours while normal growth was observed in the control group which was significantly different (

The Nessesity and Quality of Management Education in MD Program in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Leadership and management skills are intrinsic to medical care, but low attention has been paid to them in educational curriculum for general practitioners in many countries including Iran. This study, based on Kern’s curriculum planning cycle, has investigated key informants` experiences and point of views about necessity and quality of management education in order to develop management courses to be embeded in general practitioner educational curriculum. Methods: In this qualitative study, using content analysis and purposeful sampling, data were collected by 2 focus group discussions and 28 semi-structured interviews, with key informants in healthcare management and medical education, physician directors and organizational colleagues such as nurses, administrative and insurance experts, till data saturation was achieved in 2011. Sampling was done in Iranian medical sciences universities and Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences. Data was analysed using constant comparison based on Strauss and Corbin’s method. Results: After data analysis, 6 main categories emerged:Necessity of management courses for undergraduate medical students, Required Knowledge, Required Skills, Properties and objectives of the management course and its appropriate education setting, Educational strategies and methods, Evaluation and feedback methods. Conclusion: In addition to showing the necessity of formal inclusion of management courses in general practitioner curriculum, results of this study introduced the required educational settings and methods based on participants` experiences. Future studies are needed to examine the efficiency and detect the administrative problems involved

Leadership and management curriculum planning for Iranian general practitioners

Introduction: Leadership and management are two expected features and competencies for general practitioners (GPs). The purpose of this study was leadership and management curriculum planning for GPs which was performed based on Kern’s curriculum planning cycle. Methods: This study was conducted in 2011-2012 in Iran using an explanatory mixed-methods approach. It was conducted through an initial qualitative phase using two focus group discussions and 28 semi-structured interviews with key informants to capture their experiences and viewpoints about the necessity of management courses for undergraduate medical students, goals, objectives, and educational strategies according to Kern’s curriculum planning cycle. The data was used to develop a questionnaire to be used in a quantitative written survey. Results of these two phases and that of the review of medical curriculum in other countries and management curriculum of other medical disciplines in Iran were used in management and leadership curriculum planning. In the qualitative phase, purposeful sampling and content analysis with constant comparison based on Strauss and Corbin’s method were used; descriptive and analytic tests were used for quantitative data by SPSS version 14. Results: In the qualitatively stage of this research, 6 main categories including the necessity of management course, features and objectives of management curriculum, proper educational setting, educational methods and strategies, evolutionary method and feedback result were determined. In the quantitatively stage of the research, from the viewpoints of 51.6% of 126 units of research who filled out the questionnaire, ranked high necessary of management courses. The coordination of care and clinical leadership was determined as the most important role for GPs with a mean of 6.2 from sample viewpoint. Also, team working and group dynamics had the first priority related to the principles and basics of management with a mean of 3.59. Other results were shown in the paper. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated the need to provide educational programs for GPs; it led to a systematic curriculum theory and clinical management using Kern cycle for general practitioner’s discipline. Implementation and evaluation of this program is recommended

Effect of Religious Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Religious Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (3 and 6 months Follow-up)

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disorder that strongly affects one's life and social, emotional, and occupational functioning. Due to the effect of religious beliefs on phenomenology of OCD, in this paper, we assess the effectiveness of religious cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) within 3 and 6 months follow-up. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial with follow-ups which last 2 months consisting eight sessions of 1.5 h of religious CBT. The research is conducted in a group of 40, with pre- and post-test after 3 and 6 months. Used Yale-Brown OCD symptom scale, before, the end, after 3 months and after 6 months of intervention. Treatment is carried out by a psychiatrist and a clergyman through religious CBT. The trial is held in OCD clinic affiliated with Noor Hospital. Results are analyzed by ANOVA repeated measure with SPSS18. Results: The results showed a considerable decrease in OCD symptoms which remained almost persistent after 3 and 6 months (F = 3/54. P = 0/024). It also shows that religious CBT can leave substantial effect on OCD symptoms; permanency of this intervention after 3 and 6 months is noticeable (P < 0/001). In Conclusion this therapy could be helpful for OCD patients with religious content. Conclusion: RCBT have a positive effect on people with religious obsessive -compulsive

Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and Ki67 expression in skin epithelial tumors

Background and Aims: The cellular mechanisms responsible for initiating or limiting the tumors including skin types are of great importance. The p53 is a tumor-inhibiting gene which is believed to be defective in many malignant situations. Ki67 is a non-histonic protein which is mainly interfere with the proliferation and has many controlling effects during the cell cycle. Because of their importance in skin tumor cell growth, this study aimed at evaluating the p53 and Ki67 expression in skin epithelial tumors by immunohistochemical method. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive setting, 50 biopsy samples (30 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 10 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 8 keratoacanthomas (KAs), and 2 trichoepitheliomas (TEs)) were immunohistochemically evaluated for p53 and Ki67 expression during a 14-month period. The incidence and expression rate of these two variables were separately reported in each group of samples. Results: The expression rate of p53 was 67.77% for the BCCs, 50.20% for the SCCs, and null for the KAs. For both TEs, it was 50%. The expression rate of Ki67 was 57.33% for the BCCs, 47.70% for the SCCs, 37.5% for the KAs, and 0.0% for TEs. The incidence of P53+ cells was 100% and 90% in the BCC and SCC samples, respectively. The both TEs were positive in this regard. The incidence of Ki67+ cells was 100% for the BCC, SCC, and KA samples. The both TEs were negative in this regard. Conclusion: This study showed that the incidence rate of p53- and Ki67-positive cells is very high in skin malignant epithelial tumors. The expression rate of these two variables is comparable with reports in the literature. Further studies with large sample size are recommended to be carried out for KA and TE samples