Frequency-dependent photothermal measurement of thermal diffusivity for opaque and non-opaque materials; Application to crystals of TIPS-pentacene

We propose the use of a frequency-dependent photothermal measurement as a complement to light-flash, i.e. time-dependent, measurements to determine the through-plane thermal diffusivity of small, thin samples, e.g. semiconducting polymers and small organic molecule crystals. The analysis is extended from its previous use with some opaque conducting polymers to materials with finite absorption coefficients, such as crystals of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene ("TIPS-pentacene"). Taking into account the finite absorption coefficients of the latter gives a value of diffusivity, D=0.10 mm2/s, much smaller than previously estimated and more consistent with its expected value. We also briefly discuss the effects of coating samples for the measurement to improve their optical properties.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Journal of Applied Physic

Democratization of Nepal: Towards Consolidation? Perspectives on Rule of Law & Civil Liberties

After popular uprisings that started in 1989, Nepal declassed the 200-year old absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy in 1990 and entered into an era of parliamentary democracy. The road to democratization was to be proven tumultuous when the Maoists launched an insurgency in 1996. In 2003, citing democratic government’s inability to end the bloody insurgency and political parties’ utter ineptitude in governance, King Gyanendra dismissed the parliament and retook the reign in an attempt to re-establish absolute monarchy. Just three years after, the Maoists and an alliance of seven political parties reached an agreement to end the insurgency, abolish monarchy and re-write the country’s constitution declaring Nepal a Federal Republic, and launched yet another peaceful movement against the monarchy. In the face of formidable protests against which the military refused to use lethal force, the king relented and Nepal was declared a democratic republic in 2016. The process of democratization in one of the poorest countries in the world has proven to be an arduous task. The lingering feudal social mindset from the era of absolute monarchy, initial absence of proper institutions to foster democracy, rampant corruption, lack of order, to name a few factors, have raised questions about Nepal’s prospects for democratic consolidation. This thesis will apply theories on democracy, democratization, and democratic consolidation to explore Nepali democratization and assess where Nepal stands in the process. In particular, this thesis will delve into rule of law and civil liberties – two critical indicators of democracy - in the current Nepali context to see how strong the case for democratic consolidation in that country can be made

Detector Geometry Simulation Using GEANT4

Neutrino oscillation is an important phenomenon to explain the massive nature of neutrinos. this quantum mechanical phenomenon can be understood as mixing in quark sector just like the one we have in lepton sector. Observed deficit of solar neutrino flux is explained through neutrino oscillations and this study is the only way to investigate for small difference of neutrino masses thus gives signatures for the physics beyond Standard Model. Experimental results by Superkamiokande put a huge interest of experimentalists in neutrino field. In the present article after discussing the theoretical background of neutrinos and their status in standard model, latest important long baseline neutrino oscillations experiments as NOvA and lBNE has been discussed. Straw tube Detector, an important part of lBNE-near detector, has been reviewed the geometry of which is studied through a software geometry and tracking (geant4). using geant4, an important aspect of detector geometry and simulation has been studied

Assessment of maintenance breeding methods in maize (Zea mays L.)

An investigation was conducted at IASc. BHU, Varanasi (Rabi 2014-15 to Kharif 2017) with four maize inbreds using three maintenance methods (selfing, half-sibbing and full-sibbing) for four generations in which a significant amount of genetic correlation was found between the morphological and molecular analyses. The comparison offour inbreds revealed a deviation in the clustering pattern after the four generations of maintenance. A maximum similarity coefficient was recorded between HKI 193-1 FS and LM 10 FS lines; full-sibbing showed the highest similarity between the first and fourth generation. Most of the inbreds followed a similar clustering pattern in morphological as well as in molecular diversity analyses. HKI 1105 is considered as most stable inbred in terms of giving a wide range of partitioning the regression coefficient. The quadratic and cubic trend through the graphical method showed self-ingled to a negative [cb1] response as well as maximum changes whereas, the full-sibbingmethod recorded with the minimum changes over the generations. Comparison of the combining ability of the inbreds by three methods revealed that CML-161 followed by HKI 1105 recorded maximum and LM 10 recorded minimum significant GCA effects. Through all the experiments it was proved that selfing caused the highest lossof vigour whereas full-sibbing was most stable