The Limitations of the Role of Parents in Informed Consent For Children

DergiPark: 379056tmsjVaccines are one of the most successful methods used for preventing infectious diseases. However, there has been an increased public concern regarding the adverse effects of vaccines, especially among parents who are concerned about the false link between autism and vaccine. Evidence shows there is an increasing incidence of parental vaccine refusal resulting in outbreaks. This recent emergence puts a limitation on the role of parents in autonomous determination for their children, under the age of consent. In this review, we aim to identify vaccine safety concerns among parents and to evaluate the role of parents in giving informed consent on behalf of their children Autonomy, although an ethical principle afforded to the parents of under-age children must be reviewed in the context of the results of the studies reviewed as parental refusal seems prevalent with the false belief that vaccines cause more harm to children than good

Efficiency of thin film photovoltaic paint: a brief review

The integration of thin film solar paint in the field of photovoltaics has received much attention because of its potential to replace the conventional solar cells. The solar paint has shown enormous potential due to its tunable size characteristics, flexibility and cost-effective way of manufacturing. However, there is still a need for the improvement in the power conversion efficiencies of these paints, which emphasise this study to do further for characterizing the optimum materials for the paint. The aim of this study is to find the materials for the paint from reviewing the related published materials, which would have high electrical and thermal conductivities. This study also focuses on the techniques to improve the solar power conversion efficiency by using the paint just applying on any conductive surface. The manuscript presents the recent developments of materials and synthesis techniques for developing photovoltaic paints. Consequently, it describes the suitable material and deposition technique to improve the efficiency of thin film photovoltaic paint

Biotransformation of polycylic aromatic compounds by fungi and an investigation into the oxidation of alkylbenzenes by Mortierella isabellina NRRL 1757

Incubations of several polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds and two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a series of common fungi have been performed. The fungi Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 26269, Rhizopus arrhizus ATCC 11145, and Mortierella isabellina NRRL 1757 were studied in this regard. Of the aza heteroaromatics, only dibenzopyrrole gave a ring hydroxylated product following the incubation with C. elegans. From the thio heteroaromatics studied, dibenzothiophene was metabolized by all the three fungi and thioxanthone by C. elegans and M. isabellina giving sulfones and sulphoxides. Thiochromanone was metabolized stereoselectively to the corresponding sulphoxide by C. elegans. Methyl substituted thioxanthones on incubation with C. elegans produced oxidative products, arising from S -oxidation and hydroxylation at the methyl group. Of the cyclic ketones studied, only fluorenone was reduced to hydroxyfluorene and this metabolism is compared with that reported with cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases of hepatic microsomes. A series of para-substituted ethylbenzenes has been transformed stereoselectively to the 1-phenylethanols by incubation with M. isabellina. Comparisons of the enantiomeric purities obtained from products with their respective para substituent of the same steric size but different electronic properties indicate that the stereoselectivity of hydroxylation at benzylic carbon may be susceptible to electron donating or withdrawing factors in some cases, but that observation is not va lid in all the comparisons. The stereochemistry of the reaction is discussed in terms of three possible steps, ethylbenzene ---) 1-phenylethanol ---) acetophenone ---) 1-phenylethanol. This metabolic pathway could account for the inconsistencies observed in the comparisons of optical purities and electronic character of para substituents. Furthermore, formation of 2-phenylethanol (in some cases), l-(p-acetylphenyl)ethanol from p-diethylbenzene, and N-acetylation of p-ethylaniline was observed. n-Propylbenzene was also converted to optically active 1-phenylpropanol. Acetophenone, p-ethylacetophenone, and o(,~,~-trifluoroacetophenone were transformed to 1-phenylethanol, l-(p-ethylphenyl)ethanol, and 1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, respectively, with high chemical and excellent optical yields. The 13 C NMR spectra of several substrates and metabolic products have been reported and assigned for the first time

A qualitative investigation into the Critical Success Factors for UK FinTech Start-ups

FinTech is an industry that is expanding and evolving at a rapid pace. In spite of FinTech’s increase in global presence and monumental growth, there still remains a lack of literature that aims to understand what contributes to the success of a start-up within this industry. This research aims to investigate the Critical Success Factors for UK FinTech start-ups and also aims to study what the challenges faced by these start-ups are. In order to do this, nine semi structured interviews with executive level UK FinTech employees who work within various segments of the UK FinTech industry were conducted. Data collected through the primary research was then analysed using thematic analysis which illustrated common themes amongst the participants. The results of the empirical study demonstrated that two additional factors could be added to the five-factor framework originally derived from an accumulated assessment of the literature. The seven factor CSF framework for UK FinTech start-ups included technological innovation, regulatory knowledge, customer centricity, security management, scalability with the two new additions being access to the right talent and access to capital

Surgical Outcome of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Patients Having High ETV Success Score: One-Year Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background & Objective:  Endoscopic third Ventriculostomy (ETV) is an accepted alternative to VP shunt in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. We will share our experience and outcome. Materials & Methods:  Thirty consecutive ETV cases performed by a single surgeon during 1 year in patients with an ETV success score of 60 or higher were included in this study. Patients’ demographics, outcomes, and complications are reported. Results:  (60%) were male and 12 (40%) were female. The mean age in our study was 6.1 years ± 9 (mean ± SD). Posterior fossa tumor was the most common etiology in our series (46.6%) followed by aqueductal stenosis (23.3%). Eighty percent of our patients did not experience an ETV failure. The complication rate was 20%. Inadequate ventriculostomy in 6.6% of the patients was the commonest complication. Conclusion:  ETV is safe and effective in patients with high ETV success scores

Challenges in diagnosis of disease reported 100 years back: Cushing syndrome; recent advances

Treatment of Cushing syndrome depends on diagnosis of etiology responsible for hypercortisolism in the body, which sometimes presents with a challenge. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling for ACTH levels, followed by peripheral venous sampling is a proven tool to be a gold standard for differentiating between peripheral and central cause of ACTH dependent Cushing syndrome. This case report is of an elderly female who presented as an outpatient in the endocrinology clinic of Aga Khan university hospital on 22/6/2017 with clinical features of hypercortisolism. After workup she was found to have cushing syndrome secondary to ACTH secreting bronchial carcinoid tumou

Synthesis & Vibrational Spectra of Dioxouranium(VI), Th(IV), Zr(IV) & Oxozirconium(IV) Chlorosulphates &Their Complexes with Some Organic Donors

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Empirical Evidence of Co-Movement between the Canadian CDS, Stock Market And TSX 60 Volatility Index: A Wavelet Approach

Purpose- The prime objective of this study was to find the co-movement between the Canadian credit default swaps market, the Stock market and volatility index (TSX 60 Index) Design/ Methodology- To achieve this purpose, daily data containing 2870 observations starting from the 1st of January 2009 to the 30th of December 2019 were analyzed. This study employed the wavelet approach to present results in short-term, medium-term, long-term, and very long time. Findings- The findings of this study showed a negative correlation between the CDS market, stock market, and the TSX 60 index in the short-term as well as in the long-term term, while in medium-term and very long-term period correlation is strongly positive. The wavelet co-movement results in the short-term and long-term were negative, while this relationship in the medium-term and very long-term period was strongly positive. Practical Implications- This research provides simultaneous valuable information for investment decisions in the short, medium, and long term time horizons, as well as for the policymakers in the Canadian credit default swaps market, stock market, and the volatility index (TSX 60 Index)

Characterization and application of nano-composite zinc oxide/poly vinyl alcohol thin-film in solar cell performance enhancement

Flexible, economical, and low-toxic organic solar cells are becoming highly popular in photovoltaic research. Interestingly, its efficiency of energy conversion remains lower than that of silicon-based solar cells. As a result, it is unavoidable to focus on organic solar cell efficiency enhancement. This article presents a nano-composite thin-film developed using zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a solution casting technique varying weight per- centage (wt.%) of ZnO into the PVA matrix. The characterization of the thin-film of ZnO/PVA has been made using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The characterization re- veals that the ZnO nanoparticle network forms an excellent path for electron flow in the PVA matrix at the optimal ZnO concentration of 16.66 % and a PVA concentration of 83.33 %. The thin film was applied to an organic solar cell of architecture consists of carbon fiber reinforced with ZnO-epoxy resin/CuO-epoxy resin for performance investigation. The solar cell's maxi- mum efficiency was determined to be 9.01 % before and 14.65 % after using the nano- composite film. 5.64 % increase in the efficiency of organic solar cells are observed after the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite thin film is applied