16 research outputs found
Microwave-Induced Chemotoxicity of Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Nanocubes
Polydopamine-coated FeCo nanocubes (PDFCs) were successfully synthesized and tested under microwave irradiation of 2.45 GHz frequency and 0.86 W/cm2 power. These particles were found to be non-toxic in the absence of irradiation, but gained significant toxicity upon irradiation. Interestingly, no increase in relative heating rate was observed when the PDFCs were irradiated in solution, eliminating nanoparticle (NP)-induced thermal ablation as the source of toxicity. Based on these studies, we propose that microwave-induced redox processes generate the observed toxicity
Coronary Artery Bypass grafting (CABG) versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in the treatment of multivessel coronary disease
BackgroundRevascularization for patients who suffer multivessel coronary artery disease is a common procedure around the world. Taking United about 700,000 patients have multivessel coronary revascularization per year ¼ of these patients are diagnosed with diabetes. AimsTo summarize the current evidence that compare CABG to PCI in multivessel coronary disease in form of cardiac death, stroke, MI and unplanned devascularization.Methods This is a systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining randomized trials of treatment of multivessel coronary disease to summarize the major RCT concerning this topic.Results The review included five randomized studies that compare coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention. The findings showed that CABG show better result with less mortality rate.ConclusionThis review concluded that there revascularization in treating coronary artery disease could be conducted either by CABG or PCI, CABG show better result as it cause less death, MI and revascularization rates, but the usage of new additions such as second generation DES, can also improve the safety and efficacy of PCI when added to it
Magnetotactic bacterial cages as safe and smart gene delivery vehicles
In spite of the huge advances in the area of synthetic carriers, their efficiency still poorly compares to natural vectors. Herein, we report the use of unmodified magnetotactic bacteria as a guidable delivery vehicle for DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). High cargo loading is established under anaerobic conditions (bacteria is alive) through endocytosis where AuNPs are employed as transmembrane proteins mimics (facilitate endocytosis) as well as imaging agents to verify and quantify loading and release. The naturally bio-mineralized magnetosomes, within the bacteria, induce heat generation inside bacteria through magnetic hyperthermia. Most importantly after exposing the system to air (bacteria is dead) the cell wall stays intact providing an efficient bacterial vessel. Upon incubation with THP-1 cells, the magnetotactic bacterial cages (MBCs) adhere to the cell wall and are directly engulfed through the phagocytic activity of these cells. Applying magnetic hyperthermia leads to the dissociation of the bacterial microcarrier and eventual release of cargo
“Light-on” Sensing of Antioxidants Using Gold Nanoclusters
Depletion
of intracellular antioxidants is linked to major cytotoxic
events and cellular disorders, such as oxidative stress and multiple
sclerosis. In addition to medical diagnosis, determining the concentration
of antioxidants in foodstuffs, food preservatives, and cosmetics has
proved to be very vital. Gold nanoclusters (Au-NCs) have a core size
below 2 nm and contain several metal atoms. They have interesting
photophysical properties, are readily functionalized, and are safe
to use in various biomedical applications. Herein, a simple and quantitative
spectroscopic method based on Au-NCs is developed to detect and image
antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. The sensing mechanism is based
on the fact that antioxidants can protect the fluorescence of Au-NCs
against quenching by highly reactive oxygen species. Our method shows
great accuracy when employed to detect the total antioxidant capacity
in commercial fruit juice. Moreover, confocal fluorescence microscopy
images of HeLa cells show that this approach can be successfully used
to image antioxidant levels in living cells. Finally, the potential
application of this “light-on” detection method in multiple
logic gate fabrication was discussed using the fluorescence intensity
of Au-NCs as output
Photoresponsive Bridged Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles with Tunable Morphology for Light-Triggered Plasmid DNA Delivery
Bridged silsesquioxane nanocomposites
with tunable morphologies
incorporating <i>o</i>-nitrophenylene–ammonium bridges
are described. The systematic screening of the sol–gel parameters
allowed the material to reach the nanoscale with controlled dense
and hollow structures of 100–200 nm. The hybrid composition
of silsesquioxanes with 50% organic content homogeneously distributed
in the nanomaterials endowed them with photoresponsive properties.
Light irradiation was performed to reverse the surface charge of nanoparticles
from +46 to −39 mV via a photoreaction of the organic fragments
within the particles, as confirmed by spectroscopic monitorings. Furthermore,
such nanoparticles were applied for the first time for the on-demand
delivery of plasmid DNA in HeLa cancer cells via light actuation
Photoresponsive Bridged Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles with Tunable Morphology for Light-Triggered Plasmid DNA Delivery
Bridged silsesquioxane nanocomposites
with tunable morphologies
incorporating <i>o</i>-nitrophenylene–ammonium bridges
are described. The systematic screening of the sol–gel parameters
allowed the material to reach the nanoscale with controlled dense
and hollow structures of 100–200 nm. The hybrid composition
of silsesquioxanes with 50% organic content homogeneously distributed
in the nanomaterials endowed them with photoresponsive properties.
Light irradiation was performed to reverse the surface charge of nanoparticles
from +46 to −39 mV via a photoreaction of the organic fragments
within the particles, as confirmed by spectroscopic monitorings. Furthermore,
such nanoparticles were applied for the first time for the on-demand
delivery of plasmid DNA in HeLa cancer cells via light actuation
Engineering Hydrophobic Organosilica Nanoparticle-Doped Nanofibers for Enhanced and Fouling Resistant Membrane Distillation
Engineering and scaling-up new materials
for better water desalination
are imperative to find alternative fresh water sources to meet future
demands. Herein, the fabrication of hydrophobic poly(ether imide)
composite nanofiber membranes doped with novel ethylene-pentafluorophenylene-based
periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles is reported for enhanced
and fouling resistant membrane distillation. Novel organosilica nanoparticles
were homogeneously incorporated into electrospun nanofiber membranes
depicting a proportional increase of hydrophobicity to the particle
contents. Direct contact membrane distillation experiments on the
organosilica-doped membrane with only 5% doping showed an increase
of flux of 140% compared to commercial membranes. The high porosity
of organosilica nanoparticles was further utilized to load the eugenol
antimicrobial agent which produced a dramatic enhancement of the antibiofouling
properties of the membrane of 70% after 24 h
Endosomal Escape and Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery Enabled by Nanoscale Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework
CRISPR/Cas9 is a
combined protein (Cas9) and an engineered single
guide RNA (sgRNA) genome editing platform that offers revolutionary
solutions to genetic diseases. It has, however, a double delivery
problem owning to the large protein size and the highly charged RNA
component. In this work, we report the first example of CRISPR/Cas9
encapsulated by nanoscale zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) with
a loading efficiency of 17% and enhanced endosomal escape promoted
by the protonated imidazole moieties. The gene editing potential of
CRISPR/Cas9 encapsulated by ZIF-8 (CC-ZIFs) is further verified by
knocking down the gene expression of green fluorescent protein by
37% over 4 days. The nanoscale CC-ZIFs are biocompatible and easily
scaled-up offering excellent loading capacity and controlled codelivery
of intact Cas9 protein and sgRNA