IN VITRO DEMONSTRATION OF DALBERGIA SISSOO (INDIAN ROSEWOOD) METHANOLIC EXTRACTS AS POTENTIAL AGENTS FOR SUNSCREENING AND DNA NICK PREVENTION

Objective: This report is an attempt to evaluate methanolic extracts of leaves, fruits and bark from Dalbergia sissoo for photoprotective and DNA protective potential in vitro and to get an insight into its phytochemical constituents.Methods: Total methanolic extracts of leaves, fruits and bark from D. sissoo were examined for total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity. Extracts alone, as well as part of gel formulations, were used to assess their sun protection factor (SPF) by spectrophotometry. Potential of extracts to prevent plasmid DNA damage by hydroxyl radicals generated through Fenton and ultraviolet+hydrogen peroxide (UV+H2O2) system was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis. GC-MS analysis was done to detect the presence of bioactive compounds in active fractions.Results: TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity and SPF values of bark methanolic extract (BME) were found to be highest among the three extracts. Dose-dependent protection of DNA was observed in the extracts. Phytol, lupeol, squalene, palmitic acid and phytosterol etc. were the key constituent of the extracts.Conclusion: As per the available literature, this is the first time exploration of D. sissoo methanolic extract as photoprotective and DNA protective agents. Total extracts or its purified fractions can be exploited as Cosmeceutical ingredient.Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, SPF, pBluescript, Fenton, H2O2 and U

ANALYSIS OF IQBAL'S POETRY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDIAN CIVILIZATION

Every artist reflects the culture and civilization in which he reaches the age of consciousness, in his writings. In Allama Iqbal's poetry, glimpses of the different nations living in India and the civilization born from their cooperation are seen consciously and unconsciously, sometimes he creates religious characters to express it, and sometimes he describes the social style and philosophy of the people living in his surroundings by using poetic figures. The beauty of his poetry is that he takes care of all the aspects related to a specific culture. He has also described this cultural diversity in his style of expression and choice of poetic vocabulary; thus, his poetry emerges as a representative of Indian civilization and culture. In this paper, Allama Iqbal's poetry has been examined in the background of Indian culture and civilization

Respiratory Health and Indoor Air Pollution at High Elevation

In this research, the authors sought to provide experimental data on indoor air quality, and the resulting respiratory impact, for a high-elevation (4550 m), rural community in Ladakh, India. This community is of interest because the primarily nomadic residents burn biomass inside the home for heating and cooking. The concentrations of particulate matter (PM), endotoxin, and carbon monoxide were determined for 6 homes. Lung function data and induced sputum samples were collected for 9 female test-home subjects. In addition, lung function data were collected for 84 additional Ladakhi highlanders at this location. Sputum from 3 visiting scientists (sojourners) was collected and analyzed as well. The average PM concentration ranged from 2 mg/m3 to 7 mg/m3, with 85% of the sampled PM sized as respirable. The average endotoxin concentration ranged from 2.4 ng/m3 to 19 ng/m3, and average carbon monoxide levels ranged from 50 ppm to 120 ppm. Lung function values for the highlander population and the test-home subjects were equal to or greater than predicted, despite the highlanders’ significant exposure to indoor pollutants. An induced sputum analysis revealed a significantly greater total inflammatory cell count (M ± SD, 105 cell/mg) in the Ladakhi natives than in the sojourners (107.5 ± 75.2 vs 7.1 ± 8.1, p .01). Although the high levels of indoor pollutants did not correlate with significant decrements in lung function, the induced sputum analysis revealed marked airway inflammation dominated by macrophages and neutrophils. It appears that augmented lung mechanics of this high-altitude population are adaptive to reduce the work of breathing; thus, decrements in lung function go undetected because the true predicted values are greater than expected

Risk of Advanced-Stage Breast Cancer among Older Women with Comorbidities

Comorbidities have been suggested influencing mammography utilization and breast cancer stage at diagnosis. We compared mammography use, and overall and advanced-stage breast cancer rates, among female Medicare beneficiaries with different levels of comorbidity

HNF1B and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Results from the PAGE study

We examined the association between HNF1B variants identified in a recent genome-wide association study and endometrial cancer in two large case-control studies nested in prospective cohorts: the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) and the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. A total of 1,357 incident cases of invasive endometrial cancer and 7,609 controls were included in the analysis (MEC: 426 cases/3,854 controls; WHI: 931cases/3,755 controls). The majority of women in the WHI were European American, while the MEC included sizable numbers of African Americans, Japanese and Latinos. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) per allele and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each SNP using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, and four principal components of ancestry informative markers. The combined ORs were estimated using fixed effect models. Rs4430796 and rs7501939 were associated with endometrial cancer risk in MEC and WHI with no heterogeneity observed across racial/ethnic groups (P≥0.21) or between studies (P≥0.70). The ORper allele was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.89; P = 5.63×10−6) for rs4430796 (G allele) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.87; P = 3.77×10−7) for rs7501939 (A allele). The associations with the risk of Type I and Type II tumors were similar (P≥0.19). Adjustment for additional endometrial cancer risk factors such as parity, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone use, and smoking status had little effect on the results. In conclusion, HNF1B SNPs are associated with risk of endometrial cancer and that the associated relative risks are similar for Type I and Type II tumors

Screening mammography beliefs and recommendations: a web-based survey of primary care physicians

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The appropriateness and cost-effectiveness of screening mammography (SM) for women younger than 50 and older than 74 years is debated in the clinical research community, among health care providers, and by the American public. This study explored primary care physicians' (PCPs) perceptions of the influence of clinical practice guidelines for SM; the recommendations for SM in response to hypothetical case scenarios; and the factors associated with perceived SM effectiveness and recommendations in the US from June to December 2009 before the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently revised guidelines.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A nationally representative sample of 11,922 PCPs was surveyed using a web-based questionnaire. The response rate was 5.7% (684); (41%) 271 family physicians (FP), (36%) 232 general internal medicine physicians (IM), (23%) 150 obstetrician-gynaecologists (OBG), and (0.2%) 31 others. Cross-sectional analysis examined PCPs perceived effectiveness of SM, and recommendation for SM in response to hypothetical case scenarios. PCPs responses were measured using 4-5 point adjectival scales. Differences in perceived effectiveness and recommendations for SM were examined after adjusting for PCPs specialty, race/ethnicity, and the US region.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared to IM and FP, OBG considered SM more effective in reducing breast cancer mortality among women aged 40-49 years (<it>p </it>= 0.003). Physicians consistently recommended mammography to women aged 50-69 years with no differences by specialty (<it>p </it>= 0.11). However, 94% of OBG "always recommended" SM to younger and 86% of older women compared to 81% and 67% for IM and 84% and 59% for FP respectively (<it>p = </it>< .001). In ordinal regression analysis, OBG specialty was a significant predictor for perceived higher SM effectiveness and recommendations for younger and older women. In evaluating hypothetical scenarios, overall PCPs would recommend SM for the 80 year woman with CHF with a significant variation by specialty (38% of OBG, 18% of FP, 17% of IM; <it>p </it>= < .001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A majority of physicians, especially OBG, favour aggressive breast cancer screening for women from 40 through 79 years of age, including women with short life expectancy. Policy interventions should focus on educating providers to provide tailored recommendations for mammography based on individualized cancer risk, health status, and preferences.</p

علامہ اقبال بہ طور بچوں کے شاعر

Allama Iqbal was a multi-faceted personality. His poetry covered a wide range of topics for people from all walks of life. He was a poet not only of adults but also of children. According to Iqbal, today's children are tomorrow's youth and will be the vanguard of the Islam's future. The poetry Iqbal wrote for children has significance in children's literature today. Some of the poems in the early period were written especially for children. Many of these poems are derived from English poems. There are also some poems for children which were included in Waheed-ud-Din Faqir's book "Rozgar e Faqir" these poems were not included in any of Iqbal's collections. All these poems teach empathy, love, mysticism, humanity and humanity. He calls children and Muslim youth by the name of Shaheen because this bird has the characteristics of high flight, sharp eyesight, strong body and "Faqr". Iqbal also wrote an article titled "Children's Education and Training" and also developed school children's textbooks in which he has tried to highlight the best education as well as training aspects of children. In Iqbal's view, mental nurturing of children is an important need of the hour. The revolutionary message of Iqbal added depth to his words and promised a bright future for Muslim Youth.

An Exact Solution of MHD Boundary Layer Flow of Dusty Fluid over a Stretching Surface

This paper deals with the boundary layer flow of electrically conducting dusty fluid over a stretching surface in the presence of applied magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations of the problem are transformed to nonlinear nondimensional coupled ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The problem is now fully specified in terms of characterizing parameters known as fluid particle interaction parameter, magnetic field parameter, and mass concentration of dust particles. An exact analytical solution of the resulting boundary value problem is presented that works for all values of the characterizing parameters. The effects of these parameters on the velocity field and the skin friction coefficient are presented graphically and in the tabular form, respectively. We emphasize that an approximate numerical solution of this problem was available in the literature but no analytical solution was presented before this study