There’s more to Pradaxa’s problems than meets the eye

Pharmaceutical companies don’t have a particularly good reputation, for some very good reasons. But we can’t let suspicions about the motives of such companies cloud our assessments of drug safety because patients may also suffer. People with abnormal heart rhythms and other diseases that cause blood clots (thromboses) often require blood-thinning (anticoagulation) medications. For many decades, warfarin has been the most widely used such drug but it’s associated with a risk of bleeding (including fatal haemorrhage) and requires regular blood tests to monitor safety and efficacy. So the advent of new oral anticoagulant drugs was heralded as a major advance by both patients and clinicians – principally on the grounds that they appeared as effective as warfarin, may be associated with a lower risk of serious bleeding, and are cost-effective because patients don’t need ongoing blood monitoring. For these reasons, a number of these new drugs, including dabigatran (Pradaxa) and rivaroxaban (Xarelto) were fast-tracked through the regulatory approval processes in the United States and in New Zealand. Emerging problems But reports now suggest Pradaxa might be less safe than it appeared to be in clinical trials. Specifically, it’s claimed the drug may be responsible for higher-than-expected levels of abnormal bleeding, including hemorrhagic strokes, and that it may, in fact, be less safe than warfarin

Common coincidence points for Nadler’s type hybrid fuzzy contractions

Abstract In the framework of complete metric spaces, the major objective of this paper is to investigate if a common coincidence point exists for more than two fuzzy mappings meeting the criteria of hybrid fuzzy contractions of Nadler’s type in connection with the Hausdorff metric. Fascinating examples are also provided to show how the strategy can be used. For the presence of a common α-fuzzy fixed point of three and four fuzzy mappings, we have derived sufficient requirements. Further prior observations are offered as corollaries from the relevant literature. Some implications that are clear in this mode and widely covered in literature are expanded upon and included in our study

Focal Screening to Identify the Subpatent Parasite Reservoir in an Area of Low and Heterogeneous Transmission in the Kenya Highlands.

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