Parameters of passive working bodies of potato digging machine

The major working housing of potato digging machines is a plowshare on which energy costs and the quality of potato digging depend. The examination aims to justify the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the combined digging working body. The constructive scheme of a potato-digging machine with a combined digging working body, the results of theoretical studies on the substantiation of the primary parameters of the main and intermediate plowshares and the divider, are presented. A special laboratory installation was used to conduct experiments. During the experiments, dividers with different capture widths were made, and the angle of the plowshare installation to the horizon was changed. The degree of damage and loss of the tuber and the traction resistance of the plowshares were taken as evaluation criteria. The outcome of the experimental investigation to determine the parameters of the plowshare is presented. Based on theoretical studies, analytical dependencies, and mathematical models were obtained that allow determining the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the potato digging machine. It was found that for intensive destruction of the tuberous formation with minimal energy consumption and uniform transportation, the width of the colter of the combined working housing must be 45 cm, the perspective of the plowshare razor solution 90°, the perspective of inclination of the plowshare to the skyline within 27-30°, the length of the plowshare 40 cm, the width of the divider should be 45 cm, its length 39 cm, the angle the solution is 60°, the angle of installation of the working surface to the horizon in the transversely vertical plane is 65° and the range from the toe of the intermediate plowshare to the divider is 32.6 cm

Evolution of <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> El Tor and Detection of Their Gene-Variants in the Caucasus

, rstC genes), and 7 strains – to the genotype I. Genotypes I and II (genetically altered ones) are the hybrid variants of the El Tor biovar producing CT of the first type

Протезирование аортального клапана у больных пожилого и старческого возраста: анализ предоперационных факторов риска

Background. Despite an increase in the number of surgeries performed in elderly patients, conventional aortic valve replacement is associated with high postoperative mortality in comparison to young adults. The risk of surgical intervention in elderly patients is associated not only with the age, but also with the presence of a large number of concomitant diseases.Aim. To evaluate the immediate results of conventional aortic valve replacement and assess the impact of preoperative risk factors on surgical treatment.Methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of aortic valve replacement was performed in patients older than 65 years operated in the period from 2011 to 2015 (a total of 253 cases). The mean age of the patients was 70.4±4.14 years. The mean EuroSCORE was 6.09±4.45%. The impact of more than 30 preoperative risk factors on the in-hospital mortality and development of postoperative complications has been analyzed.Results. The overall in-hospital mortality was 10.3%. In-hospital mortality of isolated aortic valve replacement was 4.8%. In-hospital mortality of aortic valve replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting was 8.8%. High postoperative mortality rate was reliably associated with the urgency of surgery, a positive history of stroke, obesity, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, a positive history of malignant neoplasms, polyvascular disease, pre-operative atrial fibrillation, IV class NYHA, post-stenotic aortic dilation, severe calcification, small aortic root.Conclusion. Aortic valve replacement in elderly and advanced age patients have relatively similar results to those of the younger patients. High risk of surgery in advanced age patients is mainly associated with the presence of concomitant extracardiac pathology and preoperative risk factors.Актуальность. Несмотря на увеличение количества операций у больных старшей возрастной категории, протезирование аортального клапана характеризуется высокой госпитальной летальностью по сравнению с более молодым контингентом больных. Риск хирургического вмешательства в группе пожилых пациентов связан не только с возрастом, но и с наличием большого количества сопутствующих заболеваний.Цель. Изучить непосредственные результаты протезирования аортального клапана и оценить степень влияния дооперационных факторов риска на показатели хирургического лечения.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов протезирования аортального клапана у больных старше 65 лет, прооперированных в период с 2011 по 2015 гг. (всего 253 случая). Средний возраст пациентов был 70,4±4,14 лет. Риск операции по шкале EuroSCORE составил 6,09±4,45%. Проанализировано влияние на показатели летальности и послеоперационных осложнений более 30 различных факторов риска.Результаты. Общая госпитальная летальность составила 10,3%. Летальность при изолированном протезировании аортального клапана была на уровне 4,8%, а при сопутствующем коронарном шунтировании – 8,8%. С послеоперационной летальностью статистически достоверно были связаны срочность хирургического вмешательства, наличие острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения в прошлом, ожирение, хроническая почечная недостаточность, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, легочная гипертензия, злокачественные новообразования в анамнезе, мультифокальный атеросклероз, дооперационная мерцательная аритмия, IV функциональный класс сердечной недостаточности по NYHA, постстенотическое расширение восходящей аорты, выраженный кальциноз и узкое фиброзное кольцо аортального клапана.Заключение. Протезирование аортального клапана у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста продемонстрировало результаты, близкие к показателям более молодой категории больных. Высокий риск операции у возрастных пациентов обусловлен, главным образом, сопутствующей экстракардиальной патологией и предоперационными факторами риска

Possibilities of rehabilitation after interruption of undeveloped pregnancy: complex impact of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation and peloidotherapy on the state of cytokine status

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined effect of ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the uterine cavity and peloid dyspnea with hyposulfitic mud on the change in the level of proinflammatory cytokines in women after the interruption of an undeveloped pregnancy. 80 women were included in the study after the interruption of an undeveloped pregnancy in a period of up to 12 weeks. In the complex of therapy, the patients underwent cavitation ultrasonic irrigation of the uterine cavity with 0.05% chlorhexidine solution in combination with the rectal administration of mud tampons and applications to the "panties" zone. Using the method of ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the uterine cavity in combination with peloidotherapy in women with regressing pregnancy leads to a decrease in the level of primary mediators of the inflammatory response.In the group using only standard therapy, no significant reduction was observed.Целью исследования явилось оценить эффективность комплексного воздействия ультразвукового кавитационного орошения полости матки и пелоидотерпапии гипосульфитными грязями на изменение уровня провоспалительных цитокинов у женщин после прерывания неразвивающейся беременности. В исследование включены 80 женщин после прерывания неразвивающейся беременности в сроке до 12 недель. В комплексе терапии пациенткам проводилось кавитационное ультразвуковое орошение полости матки 0,05 % раствором хлоргексидина посредством аппарата Фотек серии ак100 в сочетании с ректальным введением грязевых тампонов и аппликаций на зону «трусиков». Использование метода ультразвукового кавитационного орошения полости матки в комбинации с пелоидетерапией у женщин после прерывания регрессирующей беременности приводит к достоверному снижению уровня первичных медиаторов воспалительного ответа. В группе с использованием только стандартной терапии значительного снижения не наблюдалось

Novel SMAC-mimetics synergistically stimulate melanoma cell death in combination with TRAIL and Bortezomib

BACKGROUND: XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is an anti-apoptotic protein exerting its activity by binding and suppressing caspases. As XIAP is overexpressed in several tumours, in which it apparently contributes to chemoresistance, and because its activity in vivo is antagonised by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI, small molecules mimicking SMAC (so called SMAC-mimetics) can potentially overcome tumour resistance by promoting apoptosis. METHODS: Three homodimeric compounds were synthesised tethering a monomeric SMAC-mimetic with different linkers and their affinity binding for the baculoviral inhibitor repeats domains of XIAP measured by fluorescent polarisation assay. The apoptotic activity of these molecules, alone or in combination with tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and/or Bortezomib, was tested in melanoma cell lines by MTT viability assays and western blot analysis of activated caspases. RESULTS: We show that in melanoma cell lines, which are typically resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, XIAP knock-down sensitises cells to TRAIL treatment in vitro, also favouring the accumulation of cleaved caspase-8. We also describe a new series of 4-substituted azabicyclo[5.3.0] alkane monomeric and dimeric SMAC-mimetics that target various members of the IAP family and powerfully synergise at submicromolar concentrations with TRAIL in inducing cell death. Finally, we show that the simultaneous administration of newly developed SMAC-mimetics with Bortezomib potently triggers apoptosis in a melanoma cell line resistant to the combined effect of SMAC-mimetics and TRAIL. CONCLUSION: Hence, the newly developed SMAC-mimetics effectively synergise with TRAIL and Bortezomib in inducing cell death. These findings warrant further preclinical studies in vivo to verify the anticancer effectiveness of the combination of these agents

INCREASING THE CONDUCTIVITY CAPACITY OF PIPES

This article provides information on the fundamentally new possibilities of reducing hydraulic resistance in pipes, i.e. increasing the permeability of pipes. A fundamentally new method known as the Toms effect results in the reduction of hydraulic resistance in pipe walls as a result of the addition of a small amount (per thousandth) of a high molecular weight polymer to the liquid

IN THE FIRE OF ELECTROMOBILES METHODS OF DELIVERY

The article describes the fires that occur in electromobile. Based on the analysis of fires in electromobile, recommendations for their extinguishing are given

Parameters of passive working bodies of potato digging machine

The major working housing of potato digging machines is a plowshare on which energy costs and the quality of potato digging depend. The examination aims to justify the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the combined digging working body. The constructive scheme of a potato-digging machine with a combined digging working body, the results of theoretical studies on the substantiation of the primary parameters of the main and intermediate plowshares and the divider, are presented. A special laboratory installation was used to conduct experiments. During the experiments, dividers with different capture widths were made, and the angle of the plowshare installation to the horizon was changed. The degree of damage and loss of the tuber and the traction resistance of the plowshares were taken as evaluation criteria. The outcome of the experimental investigation to determine the parameters of the plowshare is presented. Based on theoretical studies, analytical dependencies, and mathematical models were obtained that allow determining the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the potato digging machine. It was found that for intensive destruction of the tuberous formation with minimal energy consumption and uniform transportation, the width of the colter of the combined working housing must be 45 cm, the perspective of the plowshare razor solution 90°, the perspective of inclination of the plowshare to the skyline within 27-30°, the length of the plowshare 40 cm, the width of the divider should be 45 cm, its length 39 cm, the angle the solution is 60°, the angle of installation of the working surface to the horizon in the transversely vertical plane is 65° and the range from the toe of the intermediate plowshare to the divider is 32.6 cm

POSSIBLE PREDICTORS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE IN LONG-TERM PROPHYLACTIC PROPAFENONE THERAPY

Aim. To identify possible predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in 6-month prophylactic propafenone therapy. Material and methods. Patients (n=63; aged 52.2±12.6 years; 25.4% women) with frequent AF recurrences who restored sinus rhythm with propafenone, were included into the study. Paroxysmal AF was observed in 84.1% of patients, and persistent AF — in 15.9% of patients. ECG, transthoracic echocardiography , chest radiography with the calculation of cardio-thoracic index (CTI) was performed at baseline. All patients received rpropafenone therapy (450–600 mg/day) during 6 months after sinus rhythm conversion. ECG and 24-hours ECG monitoring were performed in 1, 3 and 6 months of the therapy. Patients with 70–100% reduction in AF recurrence rate were included into the 1-st group, and patients with &lt;70% reduction – into the 2-nd group. Results. 92%, 88.5% and 78% of patients were included into the group 1 after 1, 3 and 6 months of follow up, respectively. AF recurrences were observed 4.5, 3.8, and 1.7 times more often in women than these in men after 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively , (p&gt;0.05). Mean age of patients in the group 2 was significantly older than this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). CTI, left atrium size and volume, interventricular septum thickness (IVST) were significantly larger in group 2. Myocardium mass of the left ventricle (MMLV) after 6 months of therapy was larger by 13.9% in patients of the group 2 vs this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. Insufficient preventive effect of propafenone was observed in 8%, 11.5% and 22% of patients in 1, 3 and 6 months of the follow-up, respectively. Propafenone prophylactic efficacy was slightly higher in men and younger patients. Patients with poor preventive effect of propafenone had a significantly larger baseline CTI, size and volume of the left atrium, IVST, and MMLV

POSSIBLE PREDICTORS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE IN LONG-TERM PROPHYLACTIC PROPAFENONE THERAPY

Aim. To identify possible predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in 6-month prophylactic propafenone therapy. Material and methods. Patients (n=63; aged 52.2±12.6 years; 25.4% women) with frequent AF recurrences who restored sinus rhythm with propafenone, were included into the study. Paroxysmal AF was observed in 84.1% of patients, and persistent AF — in 15.9% of patients. ECG, transthoracic echocardiography , chest radiography with the calculation of cardio-thoracic index (CTI) was performed at baseline. All patients received rpropafenone therapy (450–600 mg/day) during 6 months after sinus rhythm conversion. ECG and 24-hours ECG monitoring were performed in 1, 3 and 6 months of the therapy. Patients with 70–100% reduction in AF recurrence rate were included into the 1-st group, and patients with &lt;70% reduction – into the 2-nd group. Results. 92%, 88.5% and 78% of patients were included into the group 1 after 1, 3 and 6 months of follow up, respectively. AF recurrences were observed 4.5, 3.8, and 1.7 times more often in women than these in men after 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively , (p&gt;0.05). Mean age of patients in the group 2 was significantly older than this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). CTI, left atrium size and volume, interventricular septum thickness (IVST) were significantly larger in group 2. Myocardium mass of the left ventricle (MMLV) after 6 months of therapy was larger by 13.9% in patients of the group 2 vs this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. Insufficient preventive effect of propafenone was observed in 8%, 11.5% and 22% of patients in 1, 3 and 6 months of the follow-up, respectively. Propafenone prophylactic efficacy was slightly higher in men and younger patients. Patients with poor preventive effect of propafenone had a significantly larger baseline CTI, size and volume of the left atrium, IVST, and MMLV.</p