7 research outputs found
Ultra-fast 1-bit comparator using nonlinear photonic crystalbased ring resonators
- Publication venue
- Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch
- Publication date
- 01/08/2019
- Field of study
In this paper, a photonic crystal structure for comparing two bits has beenproposed. This structure includes four resonant rings and some nonlinear rods. Thenonlinear rods used inside the resonant rings were made of a doped glass whose linearand nonlinear refractive indices are 1.4 and 10-14 m2/W, respectively. Using Kerr effect,optical waves are guided toward the correct output ports. In this study, plane waveexpansion and finite difference time domain methods were used for calculation ofphotonic bandgap and simulation of optical wave propagation, respectively. The size ofthe proposed structure is 1585 μm2 which is more compact than the previous works.Furthermore, the obtained maximum delay time is about 2 ps that is proper to highspeedprocessing. The normalized output power margins for logic 0 and 1 are calculatedas 25% and 71%, respectively. According to the obtained results, this structure can beused for optical integrated circuits
Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
- Author
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abejie Ayenew Negesse
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Acharya Dilaram
- Adabi Maryam
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adhena Beyene Meressa
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Ahmad Sohail
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmed Anwar E.
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Rushdia
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alamene Genet Melak
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alipour Vahid
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amini Saeed
- Amit Arianna Maever L.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Anoushiravani Amir
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Benny
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aref Hany Mohamed Amin
- Aremu Olatunde
- Armoon Bahram
- Arora Amit
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Atalay Hagos Tasew
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Athari Seyyede Masoume
- Atre Sachin R.
- Ausloos Marcel
- Awoke Nefsu
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Aynalem Yared Asmare
- Azari Samad
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Babaee Ebrahim
- Babalola Tesleem Kayode
- Badawi Alaa
- Bairwa Mohan
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Bali Ayele Geleto
- Banach Maciej
- Banoub Joseph Adel Mattar
- Barac Aleksandra
- Barnighausen Till Winfried
- Basaleem Huda
- Basu Sanjay
- Baumann Mathew M.
- Bay Vo Dinh
- Bayati Mohsen
- Baye Estifanos
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beheshti Mahya
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Behzadifar Meysam
- Bekele Bayu Begashaw
- Belayneh Yaschilal Muche
- Bell Michelle L.
- Bennett Derrick A.
- Berbada Dessalegn Ajema
- Bernstein Robert S.
- Bhat Anusha Ganapati
- Bhattacharyya Krittika
- Bhattarai Suraj
- Bhaumik Soumyadeep
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bin Zaman Sojib
- Birihane Binyam Minuye
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Blacker Brigette F.
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bojia Hunduma Amensisa
- Boufous Soufiane
- Brady Oliver J.
- Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle B.
- Busse Reinhard
- Butt Zahid A.
- Camera Luis Alberto
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R.
- Cano Jorge
- Car Josip
- Cardenas Rosario
- Carvalho Felix
- Castaneda-Orjuela Carlos A.
- Castro Franz
- Chanie Wagaye Fentahun
- Chatterjee Pranab
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chichiabellu Tesfaye Yitna
- Chin Ken Lee
- Christopher Devasahayam J.
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Cormier Natalie Maria
- Costa Vera Marisa
- Culquichicon Carlos
- Daba Matiwos Soboka
- Damiani Giovanni
- Dandona Lalit
- Dandona Rakhi
- Dang Anh Kim
- Darwesh Aso Mohammad
- Darwish Amira Hamed
- Daryani Ahmad
- Das Gupta Rajat
- Das Jai K.
- Dash Aditya Prasad
- Davey Gail
- Davila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
- Davis Adrian C.
- Davitoiu Dragos Virgil
- de Hidru Hagos Degefa
- De la Hoz Fernando Pio
- Demis Asmamaw Bizuneh
- Demissie Dereje Bayissa
- Demissie Getu Debalkie
- Demoz Gebre Teklemariam
- Denova-Gutierrez Edgar
- Deribe Kebede
- Desalew Assefa
- Deshpande Aniruddha
- Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda
- Dhillon Preeti
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Dhungana Govinda Prasad
- Diaz Daniel
- Dipeolu Isaac Oluwafemi
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Doyle Kerrie E.
- Dubljanin Eleonora
- Duko Bereket
- Duraes Andre Rodrigues
- Edinur Hisham Atan
- Effiong Andem
- Eftekhari Aziz
- El Nahas Nevine
- El Sayed Iman
- El Tantawi Maha
- El-Jaafary Shaimaa I.
- Elema Teshome Bekele
- Elhabashy Hala Rashad
- Elkout Hajer
- Elsharkawy Aisha
- Elyazar Iqbal R. F.
- Endalamaw Aklilu
- Endalew Daniel Adane
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- Esteghamati Alireza
- Esteghamati Sadaf
- Etemadi Arash
- Ezekannagha Oluchi
- Fareed Mohammad
- Faridnia Roghiyeh
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fazlzadeh Mehdi
- Feigin Valery L.
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Fernandes Eduarda
- Filip Irina
- Fischer Florian
- Foigt Nataliya A.
- Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin
- Foroutan Masoud
- Franklin Richard Charles
- Fukumoto Takeshi
- Gad Mohamed M.
- Gayesa Reta Tsegaye
- Gebre Teshome
- Gebremedhin Ketema Bizuwork
- Gebremeskel Gebreamlak Gebremedhn
- Gesesew Hailay Abrha
- Gezae Kebede Embaye
- Ghadiri Keyghobad
- Ghashghaee Ahmad
- Ghimire Pramesh Raj
- Gill Paramjit Singh
- Gill Tiffany K.
- Ginindza Themba G.
- Gomes Nelson G. M.
- Gopalani Sameer Vali
- Goulart Alessandra C.
- Goulart Barbara Niegia Garcia
- Grada Ayman
- Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
- Gugnani Harish Chander
- Guido Davide
- Guimaraes Rafael Alves
- Guo Yuming
- Gupta Rajeev
- Hafezi-Nejad Nima
- Haile Dessalegn H.
- Hailu Gessessew Bugssa
- Haj-Mirzaian Arvin
- Haj-Mirzaian Arya
- Hamadeh Randah R.
- Hamidi Samer
- Handiso Demelash Woldeyohannes
- Haririan Hamidreza
- Hariyani Ninuk
- Hasaballah Ahmed I.
- Hasan Md Mehedi
- Hasanpoor Edris
- Hasanzadeh Amir
- Hassankhani Hadi
- Hassen Hamid
- Hawariat Feleke Gebremeskel W.
- Hay Simon I.
- Hegazy Mohamed I.
- Heibati Behzad
- Heidari Behnam
- Hendrie Delia
- Henry Nathaniel J.
- Herteliu Claudiu
- Heydarpour Fatemeh
- Hird Thomas R.
- Hoang Chi Linh
- Hoogar Praveen
- Hoseini Mohammad
- Hossain Naznin
- Hosseini Mostafa
- Hosseinzadeh Mehdi
- Househ Mowafa
- Hsairi Mohamed
- Hu Guoqing
- Hussen Mohammedaman Mama
- Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel
- Igumbor Ehimario U.
- Il Shin Jae
- Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen
- Ilic Milena D.
- Imani-Nasab Mohammad Hasan
- Iqbal Usman
- Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iwu Chinwe Juliana
- Izadi Neda
- Jabbari Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
- Jaca Anelisa
- Jahanmehr Nader
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- Jalali Amir
- Jayatilleke Achala Upendra
- Jha Ravi Prakash
- Jha Vivekanand
- Ji John S.
- Johnson Kimberly B.
- Jonas Jost B.
- Jose Bruno Piassi Sao
- Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy
- Kabir Ali
- Kabir Zubair
- Kahsay Amaha
- Kalan Mohammad Ebrahimi
- Kalani Hamed
- Kanchan Tanuj
- Karch Andre
- Karim Mohd Anisul
- Karki Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Surendra
- Karyani Ali Kazemi
- Kasaeian Amir
- Kasahun Gebremicheal Gebreslassie
- Kasahun Yawukal Chane
- Kasaye Habtamu Kebebe
- Kassa Gebrehiwot G.
- Kassa Getachew Mullu
- Kayode Gbenga A.
- Kebede Mihiretu M.
- Keiyoro Peter Njenga
- Kelbore Abraham Getachew
- Kengne Andre Pascal
- Ketema Daniel Bekele
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif
- Khalid Nauman
- Khalilov Rovshan
- Khan Ejaz Ahmad
- Khan Junaid
- Khan Md Nuruzzaman
- Khan Muhammad Shahzeb
- Khatab Khaled
- Khater Amir M.
- Khater Mona M.
- Khayamzadeh Maryam
- Khazaei Mohammad
- Khazaei Salman
- Khosravi Mohammad Hossein
- Khubchandani Jagdish
- Kiadaliri Ali
- Kim Yun Jin
- Kimokoti Ruth W.
- Kisa Adnan
- Kisa Sezer
- Kissoon Niranjan
- Kochhar Sonali
- Kolola Tufa
- Komaki Hamidreza
- Kosen Soewarta
- Koul Parvaiz A.
- Koyanagi Ai
- Kraemer Moritz U. G.
- Krishan Kewal
- Kugbey Nuworza
- Kumar G. Anil
- Kumar Manasi
- Kumar Pushpendra
- Kusuma Vivek Kumar Dian
- La Vecchia Carlo
- Lacey Ben
- Lad Sheetal D.
- Lal Dharmesh Kumar
- Lam Felix
- Lami Faris Hasan
- Lamichhane Prabhat
- Lasrado Savita
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Lee Paul H.
- LeGrand Kate E.
- Leili Mostafa
- Lenjebo Tsegaye Lolaso
- Leshargie Cheru Tesema
- Levine Aubrey J.
- Li Shanshan
- Lindstedt Paulina A.
- Linn Shai
- Liu Shiwei
- Liu Simin
- Lodha Rakesh
- Longbottom Joshua
- Lopez Jaifred Christian F.
- Mahasha Phetole Walter
- Mahesh P. A.
- Mahotra Narayan B.
- Majeed Azeem
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malta Deborah Carvalho
- Mamun Abdullah A.
- Manafi Navid
- Manda Ana Laura
- Manohar Narendar Dawani Dawanu
- Mansournia Mohammad Ali
- Mapoma Chabila Christopher
- Maravilla Joemer C.
- Martinez Gabriel
- Martini Santi
- Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlandio
- Masaka Anthony
- Massenburg Benjamin Ballard
- Mathur Manu Raj
- Matin Behzad Karami
- Mayala Benjamin K.
- Mazidi Mohsen
- McAlinden Colm
- Meharie Birhanu Geta
- Mehndiratta Man Mohan
- Mehta Kala M.
- Mekonnen Tefera Chane
- Meles Gebrekiros Gebremichael
- Memiah Peter T. N.
- Memish Ziad A.
- Mendoza Walter
- Menezes Ritesh G.
- Mereta Seid Tiku
- Meretoja Tuomo J.
- Mestrovic Tomislav
- Mezerji Naser Mohammad Gholi
- Miazgowski Bartosz
- Mihretie Kebadnew Mulatu
- Miller Ted R.
- Mini G. K.
- Mirrakhimov Erkin M.
- Moazen Babak
- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohamadi-Bolbanabad Amjad
- Mohammad Dara K.
- Mohammad Karzan Abdulmuhsin
- Mohammad Yousef
- Mohammadibakhsh Roghayeh
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammed Jemal Abdu
- Mohammed Shafiu
- Mohebi Farnam
- Mokdad Ali H.
- Molokhia Mariam
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Moodley Yoshan
- Moore Catrin E.
- Moradi Ghobad
- Moradi Masoud
- Moradi-Joo Mohammad
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moraga Paula
- Morales Linda
- Mosapour Abbas
- Motlagh Soraya Nouraei
- Mouodi Simin
- Mousavi Seyyed Meysam
- Mozaffor Miliva
- Muchie Kindie Fentahun
- Mulaw Getahun Fentaw
- Munro Sandra B.
- Muriithi Moses K.
- Murray Christoper J. L.
- Murthy G. V. S.
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
- Muthupandian Saravanan
- Nabhan Ashraf F.
- Naderi Mehdi
- Nagaraja Sharath Burugina
- Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman
- Naidoo Kovin S.
- Naik Gurudatta
- Najafi Farid
- Nangia Vinay
- Nansseu Jobert Richie
- Nascimento Bruno Ramos
- Nazari Javad
- Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith
- Negoi Ionut
- Netsere Henok Biresaw
- Ngunjiri Josephine W.
- Nguyen Cuong Tat
- Nguyen Huong Lan Thi
- Nguyen Trang Huyen
- Nigatu Dabere
- Nigatu Solomon Gedlu
- Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini
- Nnaji Chukwudi A.
- Nojomi Marzieh
- Nong Vuong Minh
- Norheim Ole F.
- Noubiap Jean Jacques
- Oancea Bogdan
- Ogah Okechukwu Samuel
- Ogbo Felix Akpojene
- Oh In-Hwan
- Olagunju Andrew T.
- Olagunju Tinuke O.
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Onwujekwe Obinna E.
- Oren Eyal
- Ortega-Altamirano Doris V.
- Osarenotor Osayomwanbo
- Osei Frank B.
- Owolabi Mayowa O.
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Pakhale Smita
- Patel Sangram Kishor
- Paternina-Caicedo Angel J.
- Pathak Ashish
- Patton George C.
- Paudel Deepak
- Paulos Kebreab
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Pereira Alexandre
- Perico Norberto
- Pervaiz Aslam
- Pescarini Julia Moreira
- Piroozi Bakhtiar
- Pirsaheb Meghdad
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pourjafar Hadi
- Pourmalek Farshad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poustchi Hossein
- Prada Sergio I.
- Prasad D. R. Mahadeshwara
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
- Quintana Hedley
- Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala
- Rabiee Navid
- Rad Enayatollah Homaie
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiei Alireza
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahman Shafiur
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rana Saleem Muhammad
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Rasella Davide
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawasia Wasiq Faraz
- Reiner Robert C., Jr.
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Resnikoff Serge
- Reta Melese Abate
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
- Ribeiro Ana Isabel
- Rickard Jennifer
- Rios-Blancas Maria
- Roever Leonardo
- Ronfani Luca
- Roro Elias Merdassa
- Ross Jennifer M.
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Rubino Salvatore
- Saad Anas M.
- Sabde Yogesh Damodar
- Sabour Siamak
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Safari Yahya
- Safari-Faramani Roya
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi S. Mohammad
- Salahshoor Mohammad Reza
- Salam Nasir
- Salamati Payman
- Salem Hosni
- Salem Marwa Rashad
- Salimi Yahya
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanabria Juan
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M.
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Sarkar Kaushik
- Sarker Abdur Razzaque
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Sathian Brijesh
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Sawhney Monika
- Saxena Sonia
- Schaeffer Lauren E.
- Schwebel David C.
- Senbeta Anbissa Muleta
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Servan-Mori Edson
- Shabaninejad Hosein
- Shafieesabet Azadeh
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shalash Ali S.
- Shallo Seifadin Ahmed
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsi MohammadBagher
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Shannawaz Mohammed
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sharifi Hamid
- Shehata Hatem Samir
- Sheikh Aziz
- Shetty B. Suresh Kumar
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw
- Shifti Desalegn Markos
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shivakumar K. M.
- Siabani Soraya
- Siddiqi Tariq Jamal
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Narinder Pal
- Singh Virendra
- Sisay Malede Mequanent
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Sobhiyeh Mohammad Reza
- Sokhan Anton
- Soltani Shahin
- Somayaji Ranjani
- Soofi Moslem
- Sorrie Muluken Bekele
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Sudaryanto Agus
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Sultana Marufa
- Sunguya Bruno Fokas
- Sykes Bryan L.
- Tabares-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Tadesse Degena Bahrey
- Tarigan Ingan Ukur
- Tasew Aberash Abay
- Tefera Yonatal Mesfin
- Tekle Merhawi Gebremedhin
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Tesfay Berhe Etsay
- Tesfay Fisaha Haile
- Tessema Belay
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thomas Nihal
- Toma Alemayehu
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Traini Eugenio
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Tran Khanh Bao
- Ullah Irfan
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Usman Muhammad Shariq
- Uzochukwu Benjamin S. Chudi
- Valdez Pascual R.
- Van Lansingh Charles
- Varughese Santosh
- Velasquez Ilais Moreno
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vollmer Sebastian
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Weaver Marcia
- Weji Bedilu Girma
- Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay
- Welgan Catherine A.
- Werdecker Andrea
- Westerman Ronny
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolde Haileab Fekadu
- Wondafrash Dawit Zewdu
- Wonde Tewodros Eshete
- Worku Getasew Taddesse
- Wu Ai-Min
- Xu Gelin
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yatsuya Hiroshi
- Yeshaneh Alex
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yisma Engida
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yousof Hebat-Allah Salah A.
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zandian Hamed
- Zepro Nejimu Biza
- Zerfu Taddese Alemu
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Ziapour Arash
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zuniga Yves Miel H.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
- Author
- Aaron E Osgood-Zimmerman (8383062)
- Abbas Azadmehr (12151653)
- Abbas Mosapour (9154247)
- Abbas Sheikhtaheri (9715088)
- Abdallah M Samy (8383428)
- Abdelrahman I Abushouk (9714446)
- Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani (9714923)
- Abiy H Sinke (12150585)
- Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot (9715364)
- Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi (9715730)
- Adel Spotin (7384796)
- Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki (8595675)
- Adnan Kisa (6419198)
- Adrian Pana (5814992)
- Afsaneh Arzani (9153932)
- Agus Sudaryanto (1979845)
- Ahad Bakhtiari (6192659)
- Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan (9154253)
- Ahmad Ghashghaee (9154076)
- Ahmed Abdelalim (8673294)
- Ahmed I Hasaballah (9154109)
- Ahmed Omar Bali (9154271)
- Ai Koyanagi (430702)
- Ai-Min Wu (561245)
- Aisha Elsharkawy (9154031)
- Alaa Badawi (521535)
- Aleksandra Barac (8673444)
- Alem Girmay (8173929)
- Ali Almasi (9153917)
- Ali Bijani (8383632)
- Ali H Mokdad (8383332)
- Ali Kabir (9154145)
- Ali Kazemi Karyani (8383668)
- Ali S Shalash (9154358)
- Ali Yadollahpour (8674665)
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam (9714485)
- Alireza Esteghamati (7321373)
- Alireza Rafiei (3572492)
- Alireza Zangeneh (9715643)
- Alyssa N Sbarra (9154352)
- Amin Mousavi Khaneghah (8042255)
- Amin Reza Nikpoor (3745657)
- Amin Soheili (9715106)
- Amir Almasi-Hashiani (3713032)
- Amir Hasanzadeh (9154112)
- Amir Jalali (6521300)
- Amir Radfar (8383398)
- Amir Taherkhani (9715133)
- Amira A Shaheen (8674446)
- Amira Hamed Darwish (7455509)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar (1452028)
- Ammas Siraj Mohammed (9115649)
- Ana Isabel Ribeiro (9154319)
- Anamika Pandey (2575252)
- Anas M Saad (9154328)
- Andem Effiong (4855597)
- Andre Karch (8673945)
- Andre MN Renzaho (8383410)
- Andre Rodrigues Duraes (9714668)
- Andrea Farioli (519624)
- Andrea Werdecker (8383503)
- Andrew T Olagunju (6568496)
- Andrey Nikolaevich Briko (8383143)
- Angel J Paternina-Caicedo (9715526)
- Aniruddha Deshpande (4377094)
- Anthony Masaka (8383299)
- Anton Sokhan (7224590)
- Arash Sarveazad (8069816)
- Arash Tehrani-Banih Ashemi (12151713)
- Arash Ziapour (9154436)
- Ardeshir Khosravi (34489)
- Arianna Maever L Amit (9715253)
- Arvin Haj-Mirzaian (8383218)
- Arya Haj-Mirzaian (8383221)
- Asadollah Gholamian (9714734)
- Ashish D Badiye (9714518)
- Ashley Marks (8674074)
- Asif Hanif (9715949)
- Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis (9154001)
- Aso Mohammad Darwesh (8383326)
- Assefa Ayalew Gebreslassie (11414228)
- Assefa Desalew (8832854)
- Atalay Goshu Muluneh (8967911)
- Atanu Biswas (1547824)
- Atif Amin Baig (9715856)
- Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso (9714686)
- Aubrey J Cook (12151662)
- Ayesha Humayun (792622)
- Ayman Grada (8377551)
- Aziz Eftekhari (9154019)
- Aziz Rezapour (5797373)
- Aziz Sheikh (18504)
- Babak Eshrati (8383182)
- Babak Moazen (8383323)
- Bahram Armoon (8956276)
- Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart (9154085)
- Barthelemy Kuate Defo (3663751)
- Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla (8383119)
- Behzad Karami Matin (8673942)
- Bekalu Amare (9715826)
- Belay Tessema (3181893)
- Ben Lacey (3488513)
- Benjamin K Mayala (8383305)
- Benn Sartorius (435930)
- Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot (9715595)
- Berhe Etsay Tesfay (9154385)
- Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali (9153914)
- Bhageerathy Reshmi (9716171)
- Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan (451146)
- Biagio Simonetti (9715775)
- Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam (9714713)
- Birhan Tamene Alemnew (9153908)
- Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya (8383374)
- Borhan Mansouri (9714905)
- Brandon Cunningham (11792102)
- Brijesh Sathian (479264)
- Carl Abelardo T Antonio (8383107)
- Carlo La Vecchia (360033)
- Carlos Miguel Rios-Gonzalez (12151701)
- Catalina Liliana Andrei (8383104)
- Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy (8383752)
- Charles Shey Wiysonge (8674653)
- Chhabi Lal Ranabhat (8383716)
- Chidozie CD Iwu (9714806)
- Chinwe Juliana Iwu (9154139)
- Christopher JL Murray (8383350)
- Christopher Sabo Yilgwan (9715190)
- Chuanhua Yu (838257)
- Chuc TK Nguyen (12151689)
- Chukwudi A Nnaji (8383368)
- Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo (5900753)
- Claudiu Herteliu (7722107)
- Cyrus Alinia (9714464)
- Daiane Borges Machado (9439251)
- Damaris K Kinyoki (8383059)
- Daniel Diaz (4677346)
- Dara K Mohammad (8383695)
- David C Schwebel (8383434)
- David Laith Rawaf (8383407)
- David M Pigott (6949178)
- Davide Rasella (632392)
- Davood Anvari (5341238)
- Davoud Adham (9153887)
- Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash (9154412)
- Deborah Carvalho Malta (7394537)
- Deepak Kumar Pasupula (9714986)
- Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso (9154100)
- Desilu Mahari Desta (8447592)
- Dessalegn Ajema Berbada (9153956)
- Dharmesh Kumar Lal (9154178)
- Dhirendra Narain Sinha (8383452)
- Dian Kusuma (9154172)
- Dickson A Amugsi (9714479)
- Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum (8383707)
- Dinh-Toi Chu (4592866)
- Donal Bisanzio (359800)
- Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe (8383353)
- Ebrahim Babaee (9153944)
- Edgar Denova-Gutierrez (8673642)
- Edris Hasanpoor (8851391)
- Eduarda Fernandes (336628)
- Edward J Mills (9154223)
- Efat Mohamadi (9042013)
- Ehsan Sadeghi (8383032)
- Ejaz Ahmad Khan (8383257)
- Emerito Jose A Faraon (9154040)
- Emily Dansereau (610260)
- Emma Elizabeth Spurlock (9715778)
- Enayatollah Homaie Rad (8673882)
- Endalkachew Worku Mengesha (9714917)
- Ensiyeh Jenabi (9096905)
- Era Upadhyay (9715157)
- Erkin M Mirrakhimov (8383320)
- Ernoiz Antriyandarti (9153929)
- Evanson Zondani Sambala (9154346)
- Fahad Mashhour Alanezi (9714458)
- Fakher Rahim (582745)
- Farah Daoud (702901)
- Farahnaz Joukar (6898190)
- Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh (7385609)
- Fariba Dorostkar (9714662)
- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei (6898178)
- Faris Hasan Lami (8383275)
- Farnam Mohebi (7382846)
- Farshad Farzadfar (439490)
- Farshad Pourmalek (3663784)
- Farzad Jalilian (9294615)
- Fatemeh Amiri (9714476)
- Fatemeh Ghaffarifar (7370873)
- Fatemeh Heydarpour (8673861)
- Fatemeh Rajati (8383404)
- Fatemeh Zarei (9631064)
- Feleke Mekonnen Demeke (9153998)
- Felix Carvalho (8383638)
- Felix Lam (3556970)
- Fereshteh Ansari (4230772)
- Fereshteh Mehri (9714914)
- Firooz Esmaeilzadeh (9715349)
- Florian Fischer (3479447)
- Foad Abd-Allah (3663727)
- Francesco S Violante (8030678)
- Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo (8383296)
- Franz Castro (3129276)
- G Anil Kumar (8383269)
- Gbenga A Kayode (2847506)
- Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel (9154067)
- Gebremariam Woldu (6557171)
- Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu (12151716)
- George C Patton (8383386)
- George J Milne (9715727)
- Getnet Azeze Gedefaw (9154070)
- Ghobad Moradi (8383335)
- Gillian I Hollerich (12151677)
- Giovanni Damiani (9153989)
- Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel (9154406)
- Gloria Ikilezi (673010)
- Godfrey M Rwegerera (9715067)
- Govinda Prasad Dhungana (9154004)
- Guoqing Hu (528155)
- GVS Murthy (4260016)
- Hadi Hassankhani (8673843)
- Hadi Pourjafar (4230769)
- Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria (9154376)
- Hailemariam Abiy Alemu Abiy (12151644)
- Hala Rashad Elhabashy (9715343)
- Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo (12151671)
- Hamed Kalani (9154148)
- Hamed Mirzaei (3878266)
- Hamed Zandian (9154424)
- Hamid Reza Mirzaei (9313913)
- Hamid Reza Tohidinik (9715145)
- Hamid Sharifi (525162)
- Hamidreza Haririan (9154103)
- Hamidreza Komaki (9715709)
- Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi (9714989)
- Hasan Yusefzadeh (6053639)
- Hassan Abolhassani (2287858)
- Hedayat Abbastabar (8673288)
- Hedley Quintana (8383395)
- Heidi Jane Larson (9715985)
- Hesam Alizade (9714467)
- Hesam Ghiasvand (8449719)
- Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi (8673366)
- Hisham Atan Edinur (12150642)
- Hoa Thi Do (9714659)
- Hosein Shabaninejad (8118599)
- Hosni Salem (6742205)
- Hossein Samadi Kafil (7477919)
- Hussen Mohammed (9714929)
- Huyen Nguyen Trang (11596291)
- Iman El Sayed (9154022)
- In-Hwan Oh (680029)
- Ionut Negoi (4320520)
- Irena M Ilic (9714794)
- Ireneous N Soyiri (8383749)
- Irfan Ullah (847820)
- Irina Filip (8383191)
- Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu (12151668)
- Ismael R Campos-Nonato (8673519)
- Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak (8383248)
- Jacob Olusegun Olusanya (8383377)
- Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal (9715247)
- Jae Il Shin (8112179)
- Jagadish Rao Padubidri (9154280)
- Jagdish Khubchandani (9154163)
- Jai K Das (9153992)
- Jalal Arabloo (7525406)
- Jan-Walter De Neve (4221829)
- Jason Q Nguyen (12151641)
- Jasvinder A Singh (8383449)
- Javad Javidnia (8459763)
- Javad Nazari (9154256)
- Jennifer Rickard (7306331)
- Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia (9714596)
- Jobert Richie Nansseu (8674182)
- John S Ji (8383665)
- Jon Wakefield (162318)
- Jonathan F Mosser (8383341)
- Jonathan IS Silverberg (12150717)
- Josephine W Ngunjiri (8383356)
- Joshua A Salomon (8674386)
- Josip Car (167739)
- Julia Moreira Pescarini (5492573)
- Junaid Khan (4276162)
- Kaja M Abbas (9714437)
- Kala M Mehta (7422068)
- Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad (8674140)
- Kate E LeGrand (9714884)
- Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan (4100038)
- Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie (9715496)
- Kebede Embaye Gezae (8383203)
- Kedir Hussein Abegaz (9153872)
- Keivan Ahmadi (8383086)
- Ken Lee Chin (8673567)
- Kerrie E Doyle (9715682)
- Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin (9154064)
- Kewal Krishan (653723)
- Keyghobad Ghadiri (8673786)
- Keyvan Pakshir (9715745)
- Khaled Khatab (3148695)
- Khalid A Altirkawi (9714470)
- Khalil Eskandari (9715910)
- Kiana Ramezanzadeh (9154307)
- Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam (9154061)
- Kidanemaryam Berhe (6458825)
- Kimberly B Johnson (9154142)
- Kiomars Sharafi (4058200)
- Kirsten E Wiens (9153854)
- Krishna K Aryal (8383620)
- Lal Rawal (4383832)
- Lalit Dandona (23174)
- Lan Thi Nguyen Huong (8383359)
- Lauren E Schaeffer (8383068)
- Leeberk Raja Inbaraj (9154136)
- Leila Doshmangir (7402085)
- Leila R Kalankesh (9714836)
- Leila Zaki (7370867)
- Leili Tapak (6793934)
- Leonardo Roever (5404535)
- Lorenzo Monasta (123739)
- Lucas Earl (5722877)
- Lucas Guimaraes Abreu (9153875)
- Luis Alberto Camera (9715880)
- M Carolina Danovaro (12151665)
- M Mofizul Islam (9714800)
- Maarten J Postma (7209776)
- Maciej Banach (3939116)
- Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib (9714860)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh (4090483)
- Mahmoud Yousefifard (8069843)
- Mahsa Ghajarzadeh (5392949)
- Maigeng Zhou (565131)
- Man Mohan Mehndiratta (9154205)
- Manasi Kumar (3492104)
- Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi (8673318)
- Manoochehr Karami (3521042)
- Manzoor Ahmad Malik (11401808)
- Marcel Ausloos (748325)
- Marcos Roberto Tova Ni-Palone (12151719)
- Maria Rios-Blancas (12151698)
- Mario Poljak (212447)
- Martin Amogre Ayanore (4559878)
- Marwa Rashad Salem (9716174)
- Maryam Adabi (9153881)
- Maryam Khayamzadeh (6578180)
- Maryam Mirzaei (344796)
- Maryam Vaezi (6045914)
- Maryam Zamanian (6824174)
- Masood Ali Shaikh (8383443)
- Masoud Behzadifar (4780317)
- Masoud Foroutan (7370870)
- Masoud Moghadaszadeh (9715499)
- Masoud Moradi (8180409)
- Mayowa O Owolabi (9714980)
- Maysaa El Sayed Zaki (8383176)
- Maziar Moradi-Lakeh (3663766)
- Md Mehedi Hasan (8130036)
- Md Nuruzzaman Khan (3717736)
- Meghdad Pirsaheb (8383389)
- Mehdi Fazlzadeh (9154049)
- Mehdi Hosseinzadeh (8383239)
- Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh (9294612)
- Mehdi Naderi (3246183)
- Mehran Alijanzadeh (8383092)
- Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi (8383110)
- Mehran Shams-Beyranvand (8383731)
- Melese Abate Reta (9154316)
- Meresa Berwo Mengesha (9715493)
- Michael RM Abrigo (9153878)
- Michelle L Bell (8383131)
- Mihajlo Jakovljevic (656157)
- Mika Shigematsu (45986)
- Milena D Ilic (9154133)
- Mina Anjomshoa (8383617)
- Mina Maheri (12150666)
- Minyichil Birhanu (10125414)
- Mohamed M Gad (9714707)
- Mohammad Abdollahi (22677)
- Mohammad Aghaali (9715241)
- Mohammad Ali Mansournia (8383293)
- Mohammad Ali Sahraian (7868096)
- Mohammad Amin Bahrami (4090486)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi (12151686)
- Mohammad Chehrazi (11734651)
- Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan (8383647)
- Mohammad Farahmand (9423183)
- Mohammad Fareed (8383185)
- Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab (9715697)
- Mohammad Hassan Emamian (9715346)
- Mohammad Khammarnia (9714854)
- Mohammad Moradi-Joo (9154244)
- Mohammad Rabiee (9154301)
- Mohammad Reza Salahshoor (9154334)
- Mohammad Sadegh Rezai (9715541)
- Mohammad Zamani (8383506)
- MohammadBagher Shamsi (8444550)
- Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari (9714440)
- Mohsen Afarideh (8673339)
- Mohsen Bayati (641335)
- Mohsen Naghavi (34491)
- Mojtaba Khazaei (4909786)
- Mokhtar Mahdavi Mahdavi (9714896)
- Molly K Miller-Petrie (9154220)
- Mona M Khater (8383260)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan (7290512)
- Moritz UG Kraemer (5147651)
- Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie (8383677)
- Morteza Arab-Zozani (6192656)
- Morteza Jafarinia (9714818)
- Morteza Mansourian (5803472)
- Morteza Oladnabi (7423226)
- Morteza Rostamian (9715760)
- Morteza Shamsizadeh (8383734)
- Moslem Soofi (8383455)
- Mostafa Amini-Rarani (9714473)
- Mostafa Dianatinasab (9714653)
- Mostafa Hosseini (235898)
- Mowafa Househ (9154124)
- Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan (8383458)
- Muhammad Ali (266260)
- Muhammad Shahzeb Khan (8673975)
- Muhammad Shariq Usman (7042442)
- Muhammed Ahmed Rameto (12151695)
- Muktar Beshir Ahmed (8673351)
- Muktar Omer Omer (9714971)
- Muluken Bekele Sorrie (4336303)
- Mustafa Geleto Ansha (8673408)
- Mustafa Z Younis (5643812)
- Nader Jahanmehr (8673921)
- Nancy Fullman (243628)
- Naohiro Yonemoto (468815)
- Narayan B Mahotra (12151683)
- Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji (9154238)
- Nasir Salam (51588)
- Natalie C Galles (9715361)
- Natalie Maria Cormier (11198418)
- Nataliya A Foigt (8383194)
- Nathaniel J Henry (8383080)
- Navid Rabiee (9154304)
- Nazir Fattahi (9714692)
- Naznin Hossain (5198204)
- Neda Kianipour (9715439)
- Neeraj Bedi (8383125)
- Neeti Kapoor (7047992)
- Nefsu Awoke (8087573)
- Nelson GM Gomes (9154082)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi (6931424)
- Nicole Davis Weaver (8067497)
- Nikolay Ivanovich Briko (9153968)
- Nima Hafezi-Nejad (8673822)
- Nima Rezaei (783910)
- Nuno Taveira (232622)
- Obinna E Onwujekwe (6251951)
- Oladimeji M Adebayo (8383605)
- Olatunde Aremu (366449)
- Olatunji O Adetokunboh (9153884)
- Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi (8383659)
- Oliver J Brady (8673504)
- Oommen John (8376381)
- PA Mahesh (7805306)
- Palash Chandra Banik (9715265)
- Paramjit Singh Gill (8383209)
- Parvaiz A Koul (7112864)
- Parvaneh Mirabi (9154229)
- Parvaneh Taymoori (12151707)
- Pascual R Valdez (8383479)
- Patrick Y Liu (12151680)
- Paul H Lee (8383278)
- Paul Yip (255215)
- Paula Moraga (845998)
- Peter Njenga Keiyoro (8383671)
- Peter TN Memiah (8674107)
- Phetole Walter Mahasha (9154190)
- Platon D Lopukhov (9154187)
- Prateek Rastogi (9715535)
- Praveen Hoogar (8673885)
- Priya Rathi (4325434)
- Pushpendra Kumar (1469635)
- Rafael Alves Guimaraes (9154091)
- Rahmatollah Moradzadeh (9714935)
- Rahul Gupta (358711)
- Rajan Nikbakhsh (9714959)
- Rajesh Sagar (261387)
- Rakhi Dandona (23178)
- Raman Ahmadi (12151647)
- Ramu Rawat (9715046)
- Ranjitha S Shetty (9715571)
- Reza Alipoor (12151650)
- Reza Ghaffari (7319852)
- Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh (10959909)
- Reza Heidari-Soureshjani (9714773)
- Reza Mohammadpourhodki (9714926)
- Reza Pourmirza Kalhori (9715532)
- Reza Rawassizadeh (9715043)
- Reza Shirkoohi (2919449)
- Riaz Uddin (9715154)
- Ritesh G Menezes (9154214)
- Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader (8673297)
- Robert Ancuceanu (9714482)
- Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez (8674416)
- Roghiyeh Faridnia (9154043)
- Rohollah Kalhor (9714839)
- Roman Topor-Madry (3561521)
- Ronny Westerman (471272)
- Rosario Cardenas (8383635)
- Roya Mirzaei (4519990)
- Ruth W Kimokoti (8383263)
- S Mohammad Sajadi (9154331)
- Saad MA Dahlawi (9714632)
- Saeed Amini (8383101)
- Saeed Shahabi (7525403)
- Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam (8294337)
- Sahel Valadan Tahbaz (9154400)
- Salah Eddin Karimi (9715424)
- Salman Khazaei (6829442)
- Salman Rawaf (2229601)
- Salvatore Rubino (160017)
- Sam Rolfe (9715547)
- Samad Azari (6192668)
- Saman Esmaeilnejad (9714683)
- Samaneh Asgari (834755)
- Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne (8673657)
- Sameer Vali Gopalani (8383215)
- Sandra B Munro (9153866)
- Sanjay Basu (94828)
- Sanjay Prakash (9715754)
- Sanni Yaya (3743083)
- Saravanan Muthupandian (5132528)
- Satish Saroshe (12151704)
- Savita Lasrado (9154181)
- Sebastian Vollmer (388995)
- Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye (9154130)
- Senthilkumar Balakrishnan (9153950)
- Sergio I Prada (9154295)
- Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari (8674668)
- Seyed Mohammad Riahi (3723622)
- Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani (8383662)
- Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad (532457)
- Seyedmohammad Saadatagah (9716066)
- Seyyed Meysam Mousavi (8383344)
- Sezer Kisa (6941222)
- Shafiu Mohammed (8383329)
- Shahin Soltani (9715109)
- Shahram Saeidi (9715553)
- Shaimaa I El-Jaafary (9154028)
- Shanshan Li (114847)
- Sharareh Eskandarieh (8673702)
- Sharath Burugina Nagaraja (9153971)
- Shaun Wen Huey Lee (3756442)
- Sheetal D Lad (8383272)
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam (6195494)
- Shekoufeh Nikfar (4535857)
- Shirin Djalalinia (2742145)
- Shiva Borzouei (9714572)
- Shokofeh Maleki (9714899)
- Shymaa Enany (827422)
- Siamak Sabour (8689300)
- Siddhesh Zadey (9716126)
- Simin Mouodi (8674161)
- Simon I Hay (6949175)
- Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy (9154349)
- Soewarta Kosen (8383266)
- Soheil Hassanipour (9540686)
- Sojib Bin Zaman (3692353)
- Somayeh Bohlouli (9153965)
- Soraya Siabani (8383737)
- Sowmya J Rao (9715037)
- Srinivasa Rao Bolla (9715874)
- Stephen S Lim (8673273)
- Subramanian Senthilkumaran (9154355)
- Suraj Bhattarai (8383140)
- Susanna J Dunachie (9154013)
- Syed Amir Gilani (6943472)
- Syed Mohamed Aljunid (4814136)
- Taddese Alemu Zerfu (5851382)
- Tahereh Pashaei (2587489)
- Takeshi Fukumoto (8383197)
- Tanuj Kanchan (451145)
- Tanvir M Huda (7329743)
- Taraneh Yousefinezhadi (9715202)
- Tariq Jamal Siddiqi (7042445)
- Tauseef Ahmad (4503826)
- Taweewat Wiangkham (773494)
- Telma Zahirian Moghadam (9715208)
- Teshome Bekele Elema (12151674)
- Tewodros Eshete Wonde (9154415)
- Thirunavukkarasu Sathish (4100035)
- Thomas Pilgrim (339922)
- Tomas Y Yeheyis (9715187)
- Tomislav Mestrovic (8383692)
- Tomohide Yamada (138371)
- Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo (9154184)
- Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot (8383200)
- Tufa Kolola (3221214)
- Turki M Alanzi (9153902)
- Ulrich Otto Mueller (8383347)
- Usman Iqbal (492423)
- Vahid Alipour (8383095)
- Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi (6718919)
- Van Charles Lansingh (4957303)
- Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito (9154286)
- Venkatesh Maled (9715478)
- Victor Adekanmbi (4752543)
- Victoria Pando-Robles (12151692)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu (8673555)
- Vinay Nangia (346734)
- Vinod C Nayak (9714953)
- Vishnu Renjith (725448)
- Vivekanand Jha (430559)
- Walter Mendoza (8383311)
- Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw (8716917)
- Xiaofeng Liang (652367)
- Xiu-Ju George Zhao (9715217)
- Xuan Tran Bach (11596300)
- Yafeng Wang (330852)
- Yared Asmare Aynalem (8716926)
- Yasir Waheed (8383494)
- Yasser Vasseghian (8180403)
- Yeshambel T Nigatu (9714956)
- Yibeltal Tebekaw Bayou (12151659)
- Yigizie Yeshaw (7253771)
- Yonatal Mesfin Tefera (12151710)
- Yousef Mohammad (9154235)
- Yousef Saleh Khader (8383254)
- Yousef Veisani (8383485)
- Yuan-Pang Wang (184231)
- Yuming Guo (162863)
- Yun Jin Kim (2133199)
- Yunquan Zhang (4815927)
- Zabihollah Yousefi (9715199)
- Zahid A Butt (8383149)
- Zahiruddin Quazi Syed (9715019)
- Zahra Atafar (9714503)
- Zahra Baradaran-Seyed (12151656)
- Zemenu Tadesse Tessema (8383464)
- Zhi-Jiang Zhang (539386)
- Zubair Kabir (394455)
- Zul Kamal (6426083)
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta (8051936)
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 21/01/2021
- Field of study
The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children
Poster presentations.
- Author
- Abarghoeai Parviz Rayegan
- Abarghoeai Parviz Raygan
- Abarghoeai Roozbeh Rayegan
- Abbasi Hamed
- Abolidokht A
- Acar Halil Ibrahim
- Acar Tolgahan
- Acer Niyazi
- Acikel Cengiz
- Adiguzel Esat
- Afshar Mohammad
- Aghaee Fereshteh
- Ahi Mohammad
- Ahmadpoor Mahmood Erfanian
- Ai Jafar
- Aikaterini Vassiliki Kouki
- Akbari Asghar
- Akbay Emrah
- Akcanal Betul
- Akcer Sezer
- Akdogan Ilgaz
- Akkaya Muzaffer
- Akkaya Taylan
- Akkin Salih Murat
- Akkin Salin Murat
- Akkus Murat
- Akpinar Burhan
- Aksakalli Elif
- Aksu Funda
- Aktan Ikiz Z Asli
- Aktas Ayfer
- Akyer Pinar
- Alanbay Ibrahim
- Aland Rachel Claire
- Alavi S Hasan
- Alavi S Hassan
- Albay Soner
- Albayrak Nural
- Alboghobeish Naeim
- Alemdar Murat
- Alicioglu Banu
- Alkoc Ozan
- Alkoc Ozan Alper
- Allahvaisi Ozra
- Almiron Carina
- Almirón Carina
- Alsaffar Raith
- Alshammary Hussien
- Altun Idris
- Altun Serdar
- Altunkaynak B Zuhal
- Aluclu Mehmet Ufuk
- Aluclu Ufuk
- Amani A
- Amani Zahra
- Amini Abdollah
- Amirsam Banino
- Anagnostopoulou Sophia
- Anastasiou Aikaterini
- Arazi Mehmet
- Ari Ilknur
- Arifoglu Yasin
- Arman Candan
- Arráez-Aybar L A
- Arslan Seda
- Asalgoo Sara
- Asgari Alireza
- Ashrafi Ali Reza
- Ashrafi Alireza
- Ashrafi H R
- Ashwood Neil
- Astaneh Mohammad Ebrahim
- Atac Aytul
- Atlasi Mohammad Ali
- Atli Yalcin
- Audenaert Emmanuel
- Ayala Inacio
- Ayas Bulent
- Ayaz Ercan
- Aycan Kenan
- Aycan Ozlem
- Aycicek Abdullah
- Aydin Mennan Ece
- Ayhan Egemen
- Azarhosh Ramin
- Azizi Hasan
- Baca Vaclav
- Bacakoglu Kadir
- Bademkiran Fikret
- Bagdatli Dilek
- Bagriyanik Husnu Alper
- Bahadori Mohammad Hadi
- Bahceci Selen
- Bahmanpour Soghra
- Bakhshayesh Masoomeh
- Bakhtiari Mehrdad
- Bakhtiary Mehrdad
- Bakirci Sinan
- Balajadeh Babak Kabiri
- Balikci Nilgun
- Balioglu Mehmet Bulent
- Bamac Belgin
- Baqer Zohreh
- Baran Ozlem
- Baran Ozlem Pamukcu
- Barlas Barcin Orhan
- Baroncini Marc
- Barut Cagatay
- Bas Orhan
- Baskan Emel Bulbul
- Basman Deniz
- Bayat Mohamad
- Bayram Sule Biyik
- Bayramoglu Alp
- Bayramoglu Aysegul
- Bayramoglu Gokhan
- Beden Umit
- Bedi Kuldip
- Benninger Brion
- Berjis Nezamedin
- Bideskan Ali Reza Ebrahimzadeh
- Biegaj Ewa
- Bilge Nuray
- Bilgin M Dincer
- Bilgin Murat
- Boka Sarmite
- Bolekova Adriana
- Bordei Petru
- Boroujeni Mandana Beigi
- Bozkurt Mehmet Cem
- Bozkus Ferdi Sefa
- Bulbuc Ionut
- Burukoglu Dilek
- Buyukmumcu Mustafa
- Caglar Veli
- Caglayan Cigdem
- Cagli Sedat
- Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur
- Calka Jaroslaw
- Campos-López Raúl
- Can Mehmet Ali
- Canbek Mediha
- Cankara Neslihan
- Castro Gabriela
- Cavdar Safiye
- Cech Pavel
- Celbis Osman
- Celebi Baris
- Celik Fahrettin
- Celik H Hamdi
- Celikoz Bahattin
- Cetin Nil
- Cevli Salih Cenap
- Chachulska Agata
- Chegini Hamidreza
- Chiba Shoji
- Chmelova Jana
- Choi Hyun-Gon
- Choi Jong-Hoon
- Cicekcibasi Aynur Emine
- Cicekcibasi Emine Aynur
- Ciftci Nusret
- Ciftcioglu Engin
- Cilingiroglu Serpil
- Cimen Mehmet
- Ciobotaru Camelia
- Ciralik Harun
- Cirillo Angela
- Clemente Alberto
- Climent Maria
- Climent Salvador
- Colak Enis
- Colak Tuncay
- Colakoglu Neriman
- Comert Ayhan
- Conejo-Menor J L
- Corumlu Ufuk
- Cosar Emine
- Coskun Nigar Keles
- Covaleov Anatoli
- Crisostomo Verónica
- Cupka Tomas
- D'Herde Katharina
- Dabak Durrin Ozlem
- Dabiri Shahriar
- Dabiri Shahryar
- Dalcik Cannur
- Dalili Naser
- Damar Ozlem
- Das Srijit
- Dashti Golamreza
- Davari Mohammad Hossein
- De Caro Raffaele
- De la Garza Castro Oscar
- Decuadro German
- Degirmenci Irfan
- Deilami Masood
- Demir Bunyamin
- Demir Mehmet
- Demir Mehmet T
- Demir Mehmet Tevfik
- Demirant Ayda
- Demirci Serafettin
- Demirci Tuba
- Demirtas Abdullah
- Demiryurek Deniz
- Denk C Cem
- Desdicioglu Kadir
- Dikici Fatih
- Dimitrova Mashenka
- Dina Constantin
- Dinc Gulten
- Dincer Ozgur
- Diramali Murat
- Doassans Ines
- Doassans Inés
- Dogan Kamil Hakan
- Dogan Zumrut
- Dokur Mehmet
- Douvetzemis Stergios
- Duman Serdar
- Duman Sunay
- Dundar Gulmine
- Dzupa Valer
- Ebrahimzadeh Alireza
- Edizer Mete
- Eftekhar Vaghefi Seyd Hasan
- Eftekhar Vaghefi Seyed Hasan
- Eftekhar Vaghefy Seyed Hasan
- Eftekharvaghefi Rana
- Eftekharvaghefi Seyed Hasan
- Ekinci Nihat
- Elcioglu Omur
- Elevli Levent
- Elhan Alaittin
- Elian Amir Hossein
- Elyasi Leila
- Emlik Dilek
- Enyedi Mihali
- Ercan Ilker
- Erdil F Hayat
- Erdinc Levent
- Erdinc Meral
- Erdogan Ali Riza
- Erdogan Aliriza
- Ergul Zafer
- Ergur Bekir Ugur
- Ergur Ipek
- Erkal Haldun Sukru
- Eroglu Esra
- Ertekin Cumhur
- Erturk Mete
- Eser Olcay
- Esfandiary Ebrahim
- Esmaeilpour Tahereh
- Esmer Ali Firat
- Estakhr Jasem
- Evcil E Hilal
- Evcil Emine Hilal
- Ezzatabadypour Massood
- Farjah Gholamhosseine
- Faroki Mohamad
- Fazel Ali Reza
- Fazeli Seyyed Amirhossein
- Fazliogullari Zeliha
- Fidan Mustafa
- Filipoiu Florin Mihail
- Fogg Quentin
- Francisco Margarida
- Francke Jean-Paul
- Freire Diego
- Gamsizkan Mehmet
- Garzon I
- Gayretli Ozcan
- Gedikli Semin
- Genc Abdurrahman
- Georgieva Lilia
- Ghaem Reza Montazer
- Ghafar Norzana
- Ghafari Soraya
- Ghalebi Seyed Razi
- Ghanadi M
- Gharravi Anneh Mohammad
- Gharravi Annen Mohammad
- Ghazi Seyed Reza
- Ghiasi Fateme
- Gholami Mohammad Reza
- Gil Francisco
- Gilanpour Hassan
- Ginus Partadiredja
- Girón F
- Golalipoor Mohammad Jafar
- Golalipour Mohammad Jafar
- Golmohammadi Rahim
- Gomes Germano T
- Gonul Yucel
- Gonzáles-Gómez C C
- Gorgi Ali
- Gorji Ali
- Govsa Figen
- Greco Pietro
- Grill Robert
- Guirao Miguel
- Guirao-Piñeiro Miguel
- Gulati Adarsh K
- Gulati Nidhi K
- Gumus Cesur
- Gumus Haluk
- Gumus Serter
- Gumusalan Yakup
- Gunaslan Pervin
- Gunay Turkan
- Gundogmus Umit Naci
- Gunes Hakki
- Guney Ahmet
- Gurses Ilke Ali
- Gutierrez-Semillera M
- Guven Gul
- Guvencer Mustafa
- Habibi Aliasghar
- Hacialiogullari Mehtap
- Haghir Hosein
- Haghparast Elham
- Haida Munetaka
- Hainoglou Roxani
- Haktanir Alpay
- Halici Mehmet
- Hamedi Somayeh
- Hami Javad
- Han Seung-Ho
- Hancerlioglu Oguz
- Harma Ahmet
- Haruki Yasuo
- Hasanovic Aida
- Hasanzadeh Taheri Mohammad Mehdi
- Hassanzade Mohamad Mahdi
- Hassanzadeh Taheri Mohammad Mehdi
- Hatami Leili
- Hatipoglu Eyup Savas
- Havasi Masoumeh
- Hedley Gil
- Hekimoglu Emre
- Hlaing Khin Pa Pa
- Hnatek Lukas
- Hong Hee-Suk
- Horak Zdenek
- Hoseini Mahmood
- Hosseini Mahmood
- Hosseini Melina
- Hosseini Mohammad
- Hosseinipanah Seyed Mohammad
- Hosseinpoor Kanizreza
- Hu Kyung-Seok
- Hur Mi-Sun
- Hwang Eu-Na
- Icke Cigdem
- Icke Suleyman
- Icten Nihal
- Ikiz Ihsaniye Coskun
- Ilhan Necip
- Iliescu Dan
- Iliescu Madalina
- Imai Yutaka
- Imre Nurcan
- Incesu Lutfi
- Ionescu A
- Ionescu Constantin
- Is Merih
- Iyigun Omer
- Jaczewski Grzegorz
- Jafar-Kazemi Koroush
- Jafarpour Mokhtar
- Jafarpur Mokhtar
- Jafaryan Maryam
- Jahanshahi Mehrdad
- Jalali Mahdi
- Jamalpour Zahra
- Javad Hami
- Javadnia Fatemeh
- Javan Nima
- Jayakaran Flossie
- Jazi Homa Rasooli
- Jhand Poya
- Jissendi Patrice
- Jo-Osvatic Ana
- Joghataei Mohammad Taghi
- Joghataie Mohammad Taghi
- Jovevska Svetlana
- Jurkovik Dragica
- Kabay Sahin
- Kacar Dundar
- Kachap Mokhtar Jafarpoor
- Kachlik David
- Kacira Burkay Kutluhan
- Kafa Ilker Mustafa
- Kahraman Guler
- Kalaycioglu Ahmet
- Kalcioglu M Tayyar
- Kale Aysin
- Kamburoglu Kivanc
- Kaner Tuncay
- Kapitonova Marina Yurievna
- Kaplan Suleyman
- Kaplanoglu Iskender
- Kapolka Robert
- Kapur Eldan
- Kara Alev
- Kara Engin
- Karabulut Ahmet Kagan
- Karabulut Ozlen
- Karabulut Zulfu
- Karaca Omur
- Karacan Kezban
- Karadede Aziz
- Karagoz Huseyin
- Karakas Hakki Muammer
- Karakas Sacide
- Karakurt Lokman
- Karalezli Aylin
- Karapinar Nevin
- Karatosun VASFÄ° AKINCI
- Karimfar Mohammad Hassan
- Karimzade Fariba
- Kassim Normadiah
- Katebi Majid
- Kavak Vatan
- Kavakli Ahmet
- Kaya Ahmet Hilmi
- Kaya Oskay
- Kayalioglu Gulgun
- Kaygusuz Mehmet Akif
- Kazkayasi Mustafa
- Keles Bahar
- Kelle Ilker
- Kendir Simel
- Kerckaert Ingrid
- Kermanian Fatemeh
- Keshtkar Abbas Ali
- Khanlarkhani Neda
- Khazei Majid
- Kheck Michal
- Kheck Michal
- Khorshid Alireza
- Kilic Cenk
- Kilincoglu Volkan
- Kim Da-Hye
- Kim Deog-Im
- Kim Gyoo-Cheon
- Kim Hee-Jin
- Kim Ho-Jeong
- Kim Hyeon-Cheol
- Kim Hyun-Joo
- Kim Hyun-Ju
- Kim Soo-Young
- Kim Soon-Heum
- Kim Yi-Suk
- Kim Yoo-Ri
- Kiray Amac
- Kiray Muge
- Kiresi Demet
- Kirici Yalcin
- Kiroglu Yilmaz
- Kirpiko Oguz
- Kizilay Ferah
- Kluchova Darina
- Knize Jakub
- Koc Mustafa
- Kocabiyik Necdet
- Kocaoglu Murat
- Koebke Jürgen
- Koh Ki-Seok
- Kohestani Hamid
- Kohestani Hamid Reza
- Koken Gulengul
- Kolcu Giray
- Kolesnik Adam
- Komurcu Mahmut
- Konarik Marek
- Konstantinidi Maria
- Koplay Mustafa
- Kopuz Cem
- Korkmaz Adnan
- Korkmaz Ozgur
- Korneeva Marina
- Korneti Kostandina
- Kosar Mehmet Ilkay
- Kose Evren
- Kose Hayrullah
- Kosif Rengin
- Koyuncu Esra
- Krasowska Aleksandra
- Krmek Nikola
- Krmek Vlado
- Kucukalic Abdulah
- Kulenovic Amela
- Kunicki Jacek
- Kurkcuoglu Ayla
- Kurklu Mustafa
- Kurt Hulyam
- Kurtoglu Zeliha
- Kurutas Ergul Belge
- Kus Ilter
- Kus Murat Abdulgani
- Kutlu Ali
- Kuvat Samet Vasfi
- Kwak Hyun-Ho
- Lasa Sebastian
- Latiff Azian
- Latifpour Mastafa
- Latorre Rafael
- Laza Sebastian
- Laza Sebastián
- Lazarova Dobrila
- Lee Jae-Gi
- Lee Jeong-Yong
- Lee Ju-Young
- Lee Kyu-Seok
- Leksan Igor
- Lopez Santos Guzman
- Lopez-Albors Octavio
- Lopez-Soler Miguel
- Losilla Sergio
- Loukas Marios
- Lovasova Kvetuse
- Lowy-Benoliel Alejandro
- Lucescu Viorel
- López Santos Guzmán
- López-Soler M
- Maatoq Israa
- Macchi Veronica
- Maghoul Shahin
- Mahmodi Abolghasem Amir
- Mahmoudian Alareza
- Mahmoudian Ali Reza
- Mahmoudian Alireza
- Mahzad-Sadaghiani Mehrzad
- Maiery Ardeshir
- Majewski Mariusz
- Majidi Masoud
- Malakhova Olga
- Malas Mehmet Ali
- Malekpor-Afshar Reza
- Mansouiri Seid Hadi
- Mansouri Seyed Hadi
- Mansourian Azad Reza
- Maranillo Eva
- Maria Ana Santa
- Martin-Oviedo Carlos
- Martinez-Guirado Tomas
- Marzban Mohsen
- Matveeva Niki
- Mavi Ayfer
- Mavili Ertugrul
- Mazaheri Zohreh
- Mazoochi Tahereh
- Mazzoleni Franco
- Medina J
- Medina M T
- Mehdizadeh Mehdi
- Meibodi Mohamad Ali Emami
- Meydan Sedat
- Mitsaki Charikleia
- Mitsakis Ioannis
- Mitsakis Menelaos
- Moaiery Ardesheer
- Moalem Adel
- Moallem S Adel
- Mocan Burce Ozgen
- Mocanu S
- Modiry Navid
- Moeen Abbas Ali
- Mofidpur Hassan
- Mohagery Akrami
- Mohammadi Abbas
- Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
- Mohammadi Shabnam
- Mohammadpour Shahram
- Mola Sima
- Mollaoglu Hakan
- Monabati Ahmad
- Monabbati Ahmad
- Moodi Hesam
- Moosavizadeh Kazem
- Mornjakovic Zakira
- Morra Aldo
- Moshkdanian Ghazale
- Mousavi A
- Mrcela Tomislav
- Muratli S Kivanc
- Musienko Vladimir
- Musil Vladimir
- Mutuberria R
- Nabipour Fatemeh
- Nacitarhan Vedat
- Naderian Homayoun
- Nagato Yasukazu
- Najafipour Hamid
- Najafzadeh Norooz
- Nakhaee Nouzar
- Namavar Mohamad Reza
- Nasir Yasemin
- Nasiri Ebrahim
- Nasu Hisayo
- Natali Arturo
- Nazaroglu Hasan
- Nazhvani Fatemeh Dehghani
- Nazhvani Seifollah Dehghani
- Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noureddin
- Nergiz Yusuf
- Nezhad Dariush Bijan
- Nezhadi Akram
- Nieto-Aguilar R
- Nikkhoo Bahram
- Nikolic Vasilije
- Nikolova Elena
- Nikravesh Mohammad Reza
- Nikzad Hossein
- Nobakht Maliheh
- Noroozinia Farahnaz
- Nourani Mohammad Reza
- Nural Mehmet Selim
- Odaci Ersan
- Ogeturk Murat
- Ogur Gonul
- Ogut Tahir
- Okazaki Tutomu
- Okumus Mehmet
- Omaña Rodrigo Elizondo
- Omidi Hamed
- Omidi Negar
- Oner Mithat
- Onur Sule
- Orbay Hakan
- Orhan Mustafa
- Ortug Gursel
- Otcenasek Michal
- Othman Faizah
- Oygucu I Hakan
- Ozan Hasan
- Ozbag Davut
- Ozbakir Cemal
- Ozbayar Cansu
- Ozbek Ahmet
- Ozbek Aydin
- Ozbek Elvan
- Ozboluk Sener
- Ozcan Ayhan
- Ozdemir Esra
- Ozdemir M Bulent
- Ozdemir Senem Turan
- Ozden Hilmi
- Ozdogmus Omer
- Ozean R Hakan
- Ozen Oguz Asian
- Ozen Tuncer
- Ozener Baris
- Ozer Cenk Murat
- Ozgiray Erkin
- Ozguner Gulnur
- Ozgur Zuhal
- Ozkan Derya
- Ozkan H Mustafa
- Ozkaya Guven
- Ozkaya Sevket
- Ozkaya Vecihi
- Ozlem Sercin
- Ozogul Candan
- Ozsoy M Hakan
- Oztas Emin
- Ozturk A Hakan
- Ozturk Hakan
- Ozturk Kayhan
- Ozturk Nail Can
- Ozyasar Ali
- Ozyurek Hamit
- Paksoy Yahya
- Panahi Marzieh
- Pantu Cosmin
- Papadopoulos Nikolaos
- Papazova Meri
- Park Bong-Soo
- Park Jong-Tae
- Paryani Mohammad Reza
- Pasbakhsh Parichehr
- Pascual Maria Teresa
- Pascual-Font Aran
- Pascual-Morenilla Maria Teresa
- Pavan Piero
- Pavlova Velichka
- Pawlewicz Konrad
- Peirouvi Thmineh
- Pekcetin Cetin
- Pelin Can
- Peltier Johann
- Perez Adolfo
- Perez-Cuadrado Enrique
- Piagkos Giannoulis
- Piagkou Maria
- Pikula Branko
- Pilmane Mara
- Pirzirenli Gokhan
- Poostpasand Aghdas
- Poraboli Ali
- Porzionato Andrea
- Poumayrac Marie
- Poumayrac Marie Catherine
- Pouya Fatemeh
- Poya Fateme
- Prapa Stamatia
- Prevot Vincent
- Prusik Alicja
- Pruvo Jean-Pierre
- Páramo E
- Radic Radivoje
- Rafighdoost Houshang
- Rafighdoust Houshang
- Rahbar Roshanak
- Rahimi Sadegh
- Rajabalian Saeed
- Ramirez Carlos
- Ramirez Gegorio
- Rasoolijazi Homa
- Rassouli Fatemeh Behnam
- Rayegan Parviz
- Rezaian Maryam
- Riasi Hamid Reza
- Rivara Alvaro
- Roda O
- Roda Olga
- Roghani Mehrdad
- Saba Mohamad
- Sabanciogullari Vedat
- Sadeghimehr Mohsen
- Safikhani Zahed
- Sagoo Mandeep Gill
- Saibene Andres
- Salamat Negin
- Salbacak Ahmet
- Salehinejad Parvin
- Saltan Mustafa
- Sancakdar Enver
- Sanchez-Margallo Francisco
- Sanchez-Montesinos I
- Sanchez-Montesinos Indalecio
- Sanchez-Quevedo M
- Sanjarmousavi Nasrin
- Sapmaz Hilal Irmak
- Sapte Elena
- Sarac-Hadzihalilovic Aida
- Sargon Mustafa F
- Saricaoglu Hayriye
- Sarikcioglu Levent
- Sarria Ricardo
- Sarsilmaz Mustafa
- Savari Ahmad
- Saylam Canan Y
- Saylam Canan Yurttas
- Sañudo Jose
- Scola Bartolome
- Seker Muzaffer
- Selekler Macit
- Selthofer Robert
- Sendemir Erdogan
- Senoglu Mehmet
- Senoglu Nimet
- Senol Yesim
- Senturk Hakan
- Serrano Inma
- Serrato D
- Sevinc Ozdemir
- Shams Ali Reza
- Sharifi Mozafar
- Sheibani Vahid
- Shekaari Majid Asadi
- Sheverdin Vadim
- Shomali T
- Siamak Salami
- Sianou Kyriaki
- Sinav Ahmet
- Sindel Muzaffer
- Sirilo Angela
- Skadorwa Tymon
- Skandalakis Panagiotis
- Skobowiat Cezary
- Smrzova Tereza
- Soker Sevda
- Soleimani Mansooreh
- Soleimani Mansoureh
- Soleimanirad Jafar
- Song Wu-Chul
- Songur Ahmet
- Sonmez Osman Fikret
- Soria Federico
- Soria Victor
- Soria VÃctor
- Soroure-Azimzadeh Behzad
- Sorrenti Natalia
- Soyluoglu Ali Ihsan
- Soysal Handan Altinkaya
- Stanciulescu Razvan
- Stecco Carla
- Stefanescu C
- Suhaimi Farihah
- Suhaimi Frihah
- Sulak Osman
- Sulla Igor
- Sun Fei
- Surdu Loredana
- Susar Hatice
- Syed Ahmad Fuad Syed Baharom
- Sánchez-Montesinos I
- Tacar Orhan
- Tadjalli Mina
- Taghavi M Mohsen
- Taghavi Mohmmad Mohsen
- Tagil Suleyman Murat
- Taheri Mohammad Mehdi Hassanzadeh
- Talaei Tahereh
- Talebpour Freshteh
- Talovic Elvira
- Talpes Raluca
- Tamizi Azadeh
- Tanyeli Ercan
- Tarta Eugen
- Tas Ufuk
- Taser Figen
- Tatar Emel Cadalli
- Tatar Ilkan
- Tayefi Hamid
- Tekdemir Ibrahim
- Tellioglu Ayfer Metin
- Terzi Yuksel
- Tetik Suleyman
- Tiengo Cesare
- Tkachenko Dmitry
- Tokdemir Mehmet
- Toker Serdar
- Toktas Muhsin
- Topacoglu Hakan
- Topal Askin Ender
- Torres-GarcÃa A J
- True Hakan
- Tubbs R Shane
- Tuccar Eray
- Tumkaya Levent
- Tuncer Mehmet Cudi
- Tunik Selcuk
- Turamanlar Ozan
- Turk Yildirim
- Ucerler Hulya
- Ucok Kagan
- Ulcay Tufan
- Ulkur Ersin
- Ulucam Enis
- Ulusoy Mahinur
- Unlu Mehmet
- Unlu R Erkin
- Unur Erdogan
- Unver Dogan Nadire
- Uson Jesus
- Ustundag Sinan
- Ustuner Derya
- Ustuner M Cengiz
- Ustuner Mehmet Cengiz
- Utuk Arzu
- Uyar Mehmet
- Uyar Yavuz
- Uygur Ramazan
- Uysal Hilmi
- Uysal Ismihan Ilknur
- Uysal Murat
- Uysal Onur
- Uzel Mehmet
- Uzmansel Deniz
- Uzum Ibrahim
- Uzun Ahmet
- Uzun Ibrahim
- Vafafar Amir
- Vaghefi Raena Eftekhar
- Vaghefy Raena Eftekhar
- Valderrama-Canales Francisco
- van der Meijs Floris
- Van Hoof Tom
- Vardi Nigar
- Vazquez Teresa
- Vega Edgar Urrutia
- Veleminsky Petr
- Veragara Maria Elena
- Vergara Maria Elena
- Vergara MarÃa Elena
- Verimli Ural
- Verstraete Koenraad
- Voljevica Alma
- Won Sung-Yoon
- Yaghoobfar Akbar
- Yaghoobi Mohammad
- Yalcin Bulent
- Yalin Sevket
- Yang Hun-Mu
- Yazar Fatih
- Yazawa Komazo
- Yikilmaz Ali
- Yildirim Ayse
- Yildirim Fatos B
- Yildirim Mehmet
- Yildiz Altan
- Yildiz Selda
- Yildiz Yuksel
- Yildizhan Begum
- Yilmaz Mediha
- Yilmaz Mehmet Tugrul
- Yilmaz Neslihan Altuntas
- Yilmaz Seher
- Yilmaz Zeki
- Yuksel Dilek
- Yuksel Kasim Zafer
- Yurdakan Gamze
- Yurtgun Mustafa Fahri
- Zabicka Joanna
- Zagyapan Ragiba
- Zahoi Delia Elena
- Zargarpoor Rosa
- Zeybek Ali
- Zeybek Gulsah
- Zhaleh Mohsen
- Zileli Mehmet
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/09/2009
- Field of study
Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
- Abbas Mosapour (9154247)
- Abdallah M Samy (8383428)
- Abdullah A Mamun (8383290)
- Abdur Razzaque Sarker (7542854)
- Aberash Abay Tassew (6388094)
- Achala Upendra Jayatilleke (8673930)
- Addisu Melese (4766802)
- Adnan Kisa (6419198)
- Adrian Pana (5814992)
- Afsaneh Arzani (9153932)
- Agus Sudaryanto (1979845)
- Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan (9154253)
- Ahmad Daryani (3922976)
- Ahmad Ghashghaee (9154076)
- Ahmed Abdelalim (8673294)
- Ahmed I Hasaballah (9154109)
- Ahmed Omar Bali (9154271)
- Ai Koyanagi (430702)
- Ai-Min Wu (561245)
- Aisha Elsharkawy (9154031)
- Ajay Patle (8674287)
- Aklilu Endalamaw (5437283)
- Akram Pourshams (63963)
- Alaa Badawi (521535)
- Alebachew Fasil Ashagre (9153935)
- Aleksandra Barac (8673444)
- Alemayehu Toma Mena (9154211)
- Alex Yeshaneh (8383767)
- Alexandre Pereira (838395)
- Ali Akbar Fazaeli (3607388)
- Ali Almasi (9153917)
- Ali Bijani (8383632)
- Ali H Mokdad (8383332)
- Ali Kabir (9154145)
- Ali Kazemi Karyani (8383668)
- Ali Rostami (1919863)
- Ali S Akanda (9153896)
- Ali S Shalash (9154358)
- Ali Talha Khalil (4845574)
- Ali Yadollahpour (8674665)
- Aliasghar A Kiadaliri (4606114)
- Alireza Esteghamati (7321373)
- Alireza Khatony (5480555)
- Alireza Rafiei (3572492)
- Alyssa N Sbarra (9154352)
- Amaha Kahsay (8383251)
- Amir Almasi-Hashiani (3713032)
- Amir Hasanzadeh (9154112)
- Amir Jalali (6521300)
- Amir Kasaeian (3161763)
- Amir Khater (9154157)
- Amir Radfar (8383398)
- Amira A Shaheen (8674446)
- Amira Hamed Darwish (7455509)
- Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad (9154232)
- Ammas Siraj Mohammed (9115649)
- Ana Isabel Ribeiro (9154319)
- Ana-Laura Manda (8674065)
- Anas M Saad (9154328)
- Anbissa Muleta Senbeta (8383437)
- Andem Effiong (4855597)
- Andre Faro (8383188)
- Andre Karch (8673945)
- Andre MN Renzaho (8383410)
- Andre R Duraes (8383173)
- Andrea Farioli (519624)
- Andrew T Olagunju (6568496)
- Andrey Nikolaevich Briko (8383143)
- Anelisa Jaca (6187739)
- Aniruddha Deshpande (4377094)
- Anthony Masaka (8383299)
- Anton Sokhan (7224590)
- Anusha Ganapati Bhat (9153959)
- Anwar E Ahmed (9153890)
- Aparna Lal (173832)
- Apurba Shil (6019055)
- Arash Etemadi (330880)
- Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi (6636866)
- Arash Ziapour (9154436)
- Arianna Maever Loreche Amit (9153923)
- Arvin Haj-Mirzaian (8383218)
- Arya Haj-Mirzaian (8383221)
- Ashish Awasthi (5420645)
- Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis (9154001)
- Asnakew Achaw Ayele (4621489)
- Aso Mohammad Darwesh (8383326)
- Assefa Desalew (8832854)
- Atalay Goshu Muluneh (8967911)
- Aubrey J Levine (8383281)
- Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke (9154427)
- Ayele Geleto Bali (8673438)
- Ayesha Humayun (792622)
- Ayman Grada (8377551)
- Aziz Eftekhari (9154019)
- Azmeraw T Amare (8673402)
- Bahram Armoon (8956276)
- Bakhtiar Piroozi (9154289)
- Bal Govind Chauhan (9153977)
- Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart (9154085)
- Bartosz Miazgowski (4229929)
- Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla (8383119)
- Behnam Heidari (7926686)
- Behzad Karami Matin (8673942)
- Benjamin K Mayala (8383305)
- Benn Sartorius (435930)
- Bereket Duko Adema (9154010)
- Berhe Etsay Tesfay (9154385)
- Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali (9153914)
- Beyene Meressa Adhena (6388100)
- Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan (451146)
- Bineyam Taye (389608)
- Birhan Tamene Alemnew (9153908)
- Birhanu Geta (9154073)
- Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw (9154418)
- Boikhutso Tlou (4390138)
- Boris Bikbov (5875262)
- Brian James Hall (9154097)
- Brigette F Blacker (8673495)
- Brijesh Sathian (479264)
- Bryan L Sykes (9154379)
- Carl Abelardo T Antonio (8383107)
- Carlo La Vecchia (360033)
- Carlos Miguel Rios Gonzalez (9154322)
- Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio (427719)
- Catalina Liliana Andrei (8383104)
- Catherine A Welgan (9154409)
- Chabila Christopher Mapoma (9154199)
- Chalachew Genet Akal (9153893)
- Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy (8383752)
- Charles Shey Wiysonge (8674653)
- Chhabi Lal Ranabhat (8383716)
- Chi Linh Hoang (8383233)
- Chinwe Juliana Iwu (9154139)
- Christiane Dolecek (74268)
- Christopher E Troeger (9153863)
- Christopher JL Murray (8383350)
- Chuanhua Yu (838257)
- Chukwudi A Nnaji (8383368)
- Claudio Alberto Davila (9153995)
- Claudiu Herteliu (7722107)
- Collins Chansa (3803194)
- Colm McAlinden (752962)
- Cuong Tat Nguyen (9154259)
- Dabere Nigatu (3204267)
- Dadi Marami (6081188)
- Daniel Adane Endalew (9154034)
- Daniel Bekele Ketema (7490318)
- Daniel Diaz (4677346)
- Dara K Mohammad (8383695)
- David C Schwebel (8383434)
- David L Smith (8674497)
- David Laith Rawaf (8383407)
- David M Pigott (6949178)
- David Teye Doku (4506532)
- Davide Guido (3138222)
- Davide Rasella (632392)
- Davoud Adham (9153887)
- Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash (9154412)
- Deborah Carvalho Malta (7394537)
- Degu Abate (8673276)
- Demelash Abewa Elemineh (9154025)
- Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso (9154100)
- Derrick A Bennett (8383629)
- Desalegn Tadese Mengistu (8674113)
- Dessalegn Ajema Berbada (9153956)
- Desta Haftu Hayelom (9154115)
- Devasahayam J Christopher (8673576)
- Dharmesh Kumar Lal (9154178)
- Dhirendra Narain Sinha (8383452)
- Dian Kusuma (9154172)
- Dietrich Rothenbacher (240639)
- Dilaram Acharya (5393567)
- Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum (8383707)
- Dinh-Toi Chu (4592866)
- Dongyu Zhang (3693070)
- Doris DV Ortega-Altamirano (8383710)
- Dragos Virgil Davitoiu (8673624)
- Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe (8383353)
- Ebrahim Babaee (9153944)
- Ebrahim M Yimer (8674677)
- Edgar Denova-Gutierrez (8673642)
- Eduarda Fernandes (336628)
- Edward J Mills (9154223)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi (9154160)
- Ehsan Sadeghi (8383032)
- Eirini Skiadaresi (8674494)
- Ejaz Ahmad Khan (8383257)
- Eleonora Dubljanin (8383644)
- Elias Merdassa Roro (7481297)
- Emerito Jose A Faraon (9154040)
- Engida Yisma (4616743)
- Enrico Rubagotti (3432494)
- Ensiyeh Jenabi (9096905)
- Eric L Ding (8673660)
- Erkin M Mirrakhimov (8383320)
- Ernoiz Antriyandarti (9153929)
- Eugenio Traini (9154394)
- Evanson Zondani Sambala (9154346)
- Fakher Rahim (582745)
- Farah Daoud (702901)
- Fariba Ghassemi (9154079)
- Farid Najafi (665100)
- Faris Hasan Lami (8383275)
- Farkhonde Salehi (9154337)
- Farnam Mohebi (7382846)
- Farshad Pourmalek (3663784)
- Farzad Manafi (9154196)
- Fatemeh Heydarpour (8673861)
- Fatemeh Rajati (8383404)
- Feleke Mekonnen Demeke (9153998)
- Felix Carvalho (8383638)
- Fereshteh Ansari (4230772)
- Fisaha Haile Tesfay (9154388)
- Fiseha Wadilo Wada (9154403)
- Florian Fischer (3479447)
- Foad Abd-Allah (3663727)
- Francesco S Violante (8030678)
- Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo (8383296)
- Frank B Osei (9154277)
- Franz Castro (3129276)
- G Anil Kumar (8383269)
- Gbenga A Kayode (2847506)
- Gebre Teklemariam Demoz (6883478)
- Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel (9154067)
- Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles (9154208)
- Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun (9154151)
- Gelin Xu (122945)
- Genet Melak Alamene (9153899)
- George C Patton (8383386)
- Gessessew Bugssa Hailu (8673831)
- Getaneh Abebe (9153869)
- Getenet Ayalew Dessie (8673648)
- Getinet Ayano (5176997)
- Getnet Azeze Gedefaw (9154070)
- Getnet Mengistu (5594807)
- Ghobad Moradi (8383335)
- Ghulam Mustafa (458105)
- Giovanni Damiani (9153989)
- Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel (9154406)
- Giuseppe Remuzzi (180748)
- Govinda Prasad Dhungana (9154004)
- Gulfaraz Khan (572591)
- Guoqing Hu (528155)
- GVS Murthy (4260016)
- Hadi Hassankhani (8673843)
- Hadi Pourjafar (4230769)
- Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria (9154376)
- Hagos D de Hidru (9154118)
- Hagos Tasew Atalay (9153938)
- Haileab Fekadu Wolde (8357235)
- Hajer Elkout (318026)
- Hamed Kalani (9154148)
- Hamed Zandian (9154424)
- Hamid Yimam Hassen (7224254)
- Hamideh Salimzadeh (8383425)
- Hamidreza Haririan (9154103)
- Harish Chander Gugnani (9154088)
- Hasan Yusefzadeh (6053639)
- Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof (9154421)
- Hedayat Abbastabar (8673288)
- Hedley Quintana (8383395)
- Helen Derara Diro (8673663)
- Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi (8673366)
- Hosein Shabaninejad (8118599)
- Hosni Salem (6742205)
- Hossein Farzam (9154046)
- Hossein Poustchi (345582)
- Huda Basaleem (6486509)
- Huyen Phuc Do (9154007)
- Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi (8673798)
- Ibrahim Abdollahpour (5136197)
- Ibrahim Khalil (375999)
- Iman El Sayed (9154022)
- In-Hwan Oh (680029)
- Indang Trihandini (9154397)
- Ionut Negoi (4320520)
- Ireneous N Soyiri (8383749)
- Irfan Ullah (847820)
- Irina Filip (8383191)
- Ismael R Campos-Nonato (8673519)
- Itamar S Santos (8674404)
- Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak (8383248)
- Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal (8383611)
- Jae Il Shin (8112179)
- Jagadish Rao Padubidri (9154280)
- Jagdish Khubchandani (9154163)
- Jai K Das (9153992)
- Jalal Arabloo (7525406)
- James A Platts-Mills (9154292)
- James R Albright (9153905)
- Jan-Walter De Neve (4221829)
- Jasvinder A Singh (8383449)
- Javad Nazari (9154256)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap (5104898)
- Jemal Abdu Mohammed (9154241)
- Jennifer Rickard (7306331)
- Joan B Soriano (6458528)
- Joel Msafiri Francis (6330941)
- John S Ji (8383665)
- Joseph Jon Frostad (9154055)
- Josephine W Ngunjiri (8383356)
- Joshua Longbottom (828908)
- Jost B Jonas (8383245)
- Juan Sanabria (8383722)
- Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon (9153974)
- Junaid Khan (4276162)
- Kala M Mehta (7422068)
- Kamarul Imran Musa (6107879)
- Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad (8674140)
- Kassawmar Angaw Bogale (9153962)
- Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan (4100038)
- Kebadnew Mulatu M Mihretie (9154217)
- Kebede Deribe (95495)
- Kebede Embaye Gezae (8383203)
- Kebreab Paulos (9154283)
- Kedir Hussein Abegaz (9153872)
- Keivan Ahmadi (8383086)
- Ken Lee Chin (8673567)
- Kenean Getaneh Tlaye (9154391)
- Kenji Shibuya (102994)
- Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin (9154064)
- Kewal Krishan (653723)
- Khaled Khatab (3148695)
- Khalid Altirkawi (8383098)
- Khanh Bao Tran (8383473)
- Kiana Ramezanzadeh (9154307)
- Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam (9154061)
- Kimberly B Johnson (9154142)
- Kirsten E Wiens (9153854)
- Koku Sisay Tamirat (9154382)
- Konrad Pesudovs (583550)
- Krishna K Aryal (8383620)
- Krittika Bhattacharyya (8383137)
- Lacey Ben (9154175)
- Lalit Dandona (23174)
- Lauren E Schaeffer (8383068)
- Laurie B Marczak (8383071)
- Leeberk Raja Inbaraj (9154136)
- Leonardo Roever (5404535)
- Leticia Avila-Burgos (610932)
- Liliana Preotescu (9154298)
- Luca Ronfani (123766)
- Lucas Earl (5722877)
- Lucas Guimaraes Abreu (9153875)
- Maarten J Postma (7209776)
- Maciej Banach (3939116)
- Maha El Tantawi (8383179)
- Mahdi Safdarian (6070703)
- Maheswar Satpathy (3663757)
- Malede Mequanent Sisay (9154370)
- Man Mohan Mehndiratta (9154205)
- Manasi Kumar (3492104)
- Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi (8673318)
- Manisha Dubey (838884)
- Manu Raj Mathur (9154202)
- Marcel Ausloos (748325)
- Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone (8383470)
- Margaret N Kosek (9154169)
- Maria Jesus Rios-Blancas (9154325)
- Mario Poljak (212447)
- Martin Amogre Ayanore (4559878)
- Marwa R Rashad Salem (9154343)
- Maryam Adabi (9153881)
- Maryam Khayamzadeh (6578180)
- Marzieh Nojomi (8674227)
- Masood Ali Shaikh (8383443)
- Masoud Behzadifar (4780317)
- Masoud Foroutan (7370870)
- Masoud Moradi (8180409)
- Masresha Tessema Anegago (9153926)
- Mathew M Baumann (9153857)
- Mayowa Ojo Owolabi (8674266)
- Maysaa El Sayed Zaki (8383176)
- Maziar Moradi-Lakeh (3663766)
- Md Mehedi Hasan (8130036)
- Md Nuruzzaman Khan (3717736)
- Meghnath Dhimal (595091)
- Mehdi Ahmadi (808507)
- Mehdi Fazlzadeh (9154049)
- Mehdi Hosseinzadeh (8383239)
- Mehdi Naderi (3246183)
- Mehdi Sharif (3922973)
- Mehdi Yaseri (3577931)
- Mehran Alijanzadeh (8383092)
- Mehran Shams-Beyranvand (8383731)
- Mekdes Tigistu Yilma (8162514)
- Melese Abate Reta (9154316)
- Melkamu Merid Mengesha (7025594)
- Meysam Behzadifar (4780320)
- Michael RM Abrigo (9153878)
- Michael Tamene Haile (9154094)
- Michelle L Bell (8383131)
- Mihajlo Jakovljevic (656157)
- Mika Shigematsu (45986)
- Milena D Ilic (9154133)
- Miliva Mozaffor (5346416)
- Mina Anjomshoa (8383617)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah (7542833)
- Mohammad Ali Mansournia (8383293)
- Mohammad Ali Sahraian (7868096)
- Mohammad Fareed (8383185)
- Mohammad Hossein Khosravi (8673984)
- Mohammad Khazaei (2004547)
- Mohammad Moradi-Joo (9154244)
- Mohammad Rabiee (9154301)
- Mohammad Reza Salahshoor (9154334)
- Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh (9154373)
- Mohammad Zamani (8383506)
- MohammadBagher Shamsi (8444550)
- Mohsen Afarideh (8673339)
- Mohsen Asadi-Lari (6208409)
- Mohsen Bayati (641335)
- Mohsen Naghavi (34491)
- Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi (9154121)
- Molly K Miller-Petrie (9154220)
- Mona M Khater (8383260)
- Moritz UG Kraemer (5147651)
- Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie (8383677)
- Morteza Shamsizadeh (8383734)
- Moses K Muriithi (9154250)
- Moslem Soofi (8383455)
- Mostafa Hosseini (235898)
- Mostafa Leili (8674035)
- Mowafa Househ (9154124)
- Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan (8383458)
- Muhammad Ali (266260)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman (8674323)
- Muki Shehu Shey (9154364)
- Muktar Beshir Ahmed (8673351)
- Muluken Azage Yenesew (7256036)
- Muluken Bekele Sorrie (4336303)
- Mustafa Z Younis (5643812)
- Nader Jafari Balalami (6837779)
- Nader Jahanmehr (8673921)
- Naohiro Yonemoto (468815)
- Narayan Bahadur Mahotra (9154193)
- Narinder Pal Singh (8674491)
- Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji (9154238)
- Nasir Salam (51588)
- Natalie M Cormier (9153983)
- Nathaniel J Henry (8383080)
- Nauman Khalid (7129250)
- Navid Manafi (8377554)
- Navid Rabiee (9154304)
- Naznin Hossain (5198204)
- Neeraj Bedi (8383125)
- Nefsu Awoke (8087573)
- Nejimu Biza Zepro (9154430)
- Nelson Alvis-Guzman (8673399)
- Nelson GM Gomes (9154082)
- Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk (9153920)
- Netsanet Fentahun (4741602)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi (6931424)
- Nicole Davis Weaver (8067497)
- Nihal Thomas (81214)
- Nikolay Ivanovich Briko (9153968)
- Nima Hafezi-Nejad (8673822)
- Ninuk Hariyani (9154106)
- Niranjan Kissoon (218559)
- Norberto Perico (180737)
- Noushin Mohammadifard (8674146)
- Nuno Taveira (232622)
- Nuworza Kugbey (5233574)
- Obinna E Onwujekwe (6251951)
- Oladimeji M Adebayo (8383605)
- Olatunde Aremu (366449)
- Olatunji O Adetokunboh (9153884)
- Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi (8383659)
- Oliver J Brady (8673504)
- Oluchi Okpala (9154268)
- Olufemi Ajumobi (3413198)
- Osayomwanbo Osarenotor (9154274)
- PA Mahesh (7805306)
- Pallab K Maulik (3216663)
- Paramjit Singh Gill (8383209)
- Parvaneh Mirabi (9154229)
- Pascual R Valdez (8383479)
- Paul H Lee (8383278)
- Paul Yip (255215)
- Paula Moraga (845998)
- Paulina A Lindstedt (9153860)
- Peng Jia (194819)
- Peter Njenga Keiyoro (8383671)
- Phetole Walter Mahasha (9154190)
- Platon D Lopukhov (9154187)
- Pranab Chatterjee (3400577)
- Praveen Hoogar (8673885)
- Preeti Dhillon (698615)
- Pushpendra Kumar (1469635)
- Quique Bassat (89288)
- QuynhAnh P Nguyen (9154262)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas (4033322)
- Rafael Alves Guimaraes (9154091)
- Rafael M Claro (9153980)
- Rahman Shiri (119707)
- Rahul Gupta (358711)
- Rajat Das Gupta (5324453)
- Rajeev Gupta (73892)
- Rajesh Sagar (261387)
- Rakesh Lodha (332281)
- Rakhi Dandona (23178)
- Ravi Mehrotra (311758)
- Ravi Prakash Jha (8383242)
- Reta Tsegaye Gayesa (9154058)
- Reza Shirkoohi (2919449)
- Richard Charles Franklin (9154052)
- Ritesh G Menezes (9154214)
- Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader (8673297)
- Robert C Reiner (5147636)
- Roghiyeh Faridnia (9154043)
- Ronny Westerman (471272)
- Rosario Cardenas (8383635)
- Rovshan Khalilov (9154154)
- Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin (8673324)
- Rushdia Ahmed (3907228)
- Ruth W Kimokoti (8383263)
- S Mohammad Sajadi (9154331)
- Sachin R Atre (9153941)
- Saeed Amini (8383101)
- Saeed Safari (4778253)
- Sahel Valadan Tahbaz (9154400)
- Saleem M Rana (9154310)
- Saleh Salehi Zahabi (9154340)
- Salman Khazaei (6829442)
- Salman Rawaf Lal Rawal (9154313)
- Salvatore Rubino (160017)
- Samad Azari (6192668)
- Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne (8673657)
- Sameer Vali Gopalani (8383215)
- Sameh Magdeldin (1311036)
- Sandra B Munro (9153866)
- Sanghamitra Pati (767170)
- Sanjay Zodpey (757163)
- Santosh Varughese (8674614)
- Saravanan Muthupandian (5132528)
- Satar Rezaei (8383719)
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu (7250168)
- Savita Lasrado (9154181)
- Sebastian Vollmer (388995)
- Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye (9154130)
- Seifadin Ahmed Shallo (9154361)
- Senbagam Duraisamy (9154016)
- Senthilkumar Balakrishnan (9153950)
- Sergio I Prada (9154295)
- Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah (8673417)
- Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari (8674668)
- Seyed Mostafa Mir (9154226)
- Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani (8383662)
- Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad (532457)
- Seyyed Meysam Mousavi (8383344)
- Sezer Kisa (6941222)
- Shafiu Mohammed (8383329)
- Shai Linn (11136)
- Shaimaa I El-Jaafary (9154028)
- Shankar M Bakkannavar (9153947)
- Shanshan Li (114847)
- Sharareh Eskandarieh (8673702)
- Sharath Burugina Nagaraja (9153971)
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam (6195494)
- Shirin Djalalinia (2742145)
- Shivakumar KM Kondlahalli (9154166)
- Shymaa Enany (827422)
- Si Si Soraya Siabani (9154367)
- Siamak Sabour (8689300)
- Simin Mouodi (8674161)
- Simon I Hay (6949175)
- Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy (9154349)
- Somayeh Bohlouli (9153965)
- Sonia Lewycka (4662688)
- Soumyadeep Bhaumik (6612317)
- Srinivas Goli (396370)
- Subramanian Senthilkumaran (9154355)
- Suleman Atique (8383113)
- Suraj Bhattarai (8383140)
- Surendra Karki (1804720)
- Susanna J Dunachie (9154013)
- Syed Ather Hussain (9154127)
- Syed Mohamed Aljunid (4814136)
- Tahereh Pashaei (2587489)
- Takeshi Fukumoto (8383197)
- Tamer H Farag (9154037)
- Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa (5855753)
- Tanuj Kanchan (451145)
- Taweewat Wiangkham (773494)
- Taye Abuhay Zewale (9154433)
- Temesgen Yihunie Akalu (5434853)
- Tewodros Eshete Wonde (9154415)
- Theo Vos (117403)
- Till Winfried Barnighausen (9153953)
- Tina Beyranvand (6192662)
- Tissa Wijeratne (8334270)
- Tomohide Yamada (138371)
- Trang Huyen Nguyen (9154265)
- Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo (9154184)
- Tuomo J Meretoja (8383689)
- Turki M Alanzi (9153902)
- Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar (3663781)
- Vahid Alipour (8383095)
- Van C Lansingh (8674023)
- Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito (9154286)
- Vera M Costa (9153986)
- Victor Adekanmbi (4752543)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu (8673555)
- Vinay Nangia (346734)
- Vishnu Renjith (725448)
- Vivekanand Jha (430559)
- Winfried Marz (8674083)
- Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw (8716917)
- Xiu-Ju Zhao (2047783)
- Yafeng Wang (330852)
- Yahya Salimi (5184452)
- Yared Asmare Aynalem (8716926)
- Yasir Waheed (8383494)
- Yibeltal Alemu Bekele (8436645)
- Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo (8673777)
- Yoshan Moodley (28753)
- Yousef Mohammad (9154235)
- Yousef Saleh Khader (8383254)
- Yousef Veisani (8383485)
- Yuan-Pang Wang (184231)
- Yuming Guo (162863)
- Yun Jin Kim (2133199)
- Yunquan Zhang (4815927)
- Zahid A Butt (8383149)
- Zemenu Tadesse Tessema (8383464)
- Zewdie Aderaw Alemu (9153911)
- Ziad A Memish (8674110)
- Zubair Kabir (394455)
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 06/05/2020
- Field of study
Background: Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods: We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings: The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation: By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
- Abbas Mosapour (9154247)
- Abdallah M Samy (8383428)
- Abdullah A Mamun (8383290)
- Abdur Razzaque Sarker (7542854)
- Aberash Abay Tassew (6388094)
- Achala Upendra Jayatilleke (8673930)
- Addisu Melese (4766802)
- Adnan Kisa (6419198)
- Adrian Pana (5814992)
- Afsaneh Arzani (9153932)
- Agus Sudaryanto (1979845)
- Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan (9154253)
- Ahmad Daryani (3922976)
- Ahmad Ghashghaee (9154076)
- Ahmed Abdelalim (8673294)
- Ahmed I Hasaballah (9154109)
- Ahmed Omar Bali (9154271)
- Ai Koyanagi (430702)
- Ai-Min Wu (561245)
- Aisha Elsharkawy (9154031)
- Ajay Patle (8674287)
- Aklilu Endalamaw (5437283)
- Akram Pourshams (63963)
- Alaa Badawi (521535)
- Alebachew Fasil Ashagre (9153935)
- Aleksandra Barac (8673444)
- Alemayehu Toma Mena (9154211)
- Alex Yeshaneh (8383767)
- Alexandre Pereira (838395)
- Ali Akbar Fazaeli (3607388)
- Ali Almasi (9153917)
- Ali Bijani (8383632)
- Ali H Mokdad (8383332)
- Ali Kabir (9154145)
- Ali Kazemi Karyani (8383668)
- Ali Rostami (1919863)
- Ali S Akanda (9153896)
- Ali S Shalash (9154358)
- Ali Talha Khalil (4845574)
- Ali Yadollahpour (8674665)
- Aliasghar A Kiadaliri (4606114)
- Alireza Esteghamati (7321373)
- Alireza Khatony (5480555)
- Alireza Rafiei (3572492)
- Alyssa N Sbarra (9154352)
- Amaha Kahsay (8383251)
- Amir Almasi-Hashiani (3713032)
- Amir Hasanzadeh (9154112)
- Amir Jalali (6521300)
- Amir Kasaeian (3161763)
- Amir Khater (9154157)
- Amir Radfar (8383398)
- Amira A Shaheen (8674446)
- Amira Hamed Darwish (7455509)
- Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad (9154232)
- Ammas Siraj Mohammed (9115649)
- Ana Isabel Ribeiro (9154319)
- Ana-Laura Manda (8674065)
- Anas M Saad (9154328)
- Anbissa Muleta Senbeta (8383437)
- Andem Effiong (4855597)
- Andre Faro (8383188)
- Andre Karch (8673945)
- Andre MN Renzaho (8383410)
- Andre R Duraes (8383173)
- Andrea Farioli (519624)
- Andrew T Olagunju (6568496)
- Andrey Nikolaevich Briko (8383143)
- Anelisa Jaca (6187739)
- Aniruddha Deshpande (4377094)
- Anthony Masaka (8383299)
- Anton Sokhan (7224590)
- Anusha Ganapati Bhat (9153959)
- Anwar E Ahmed (9153890)
- Aparna Lal (173832)
- Apurba Shil (6019055)
- Arash Etemadi (330880)
- Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi (6636866)
- Arash Ziapour (9154436)
- Arianna Maever Loreche Amit (9153923)
- Arvin Haj-Mirzaian (8383218)
- Arya Haj-Mirzaian (8383221)
- Ashish Awasthi (5420645)
- Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis (9154001)
- Asnakew Achaw Ayele (4621489)
- Aso Mohammad Darwesh (8383326)
- Assefa Desalew (8832854)
- Atalay Goshu Muluneh (8967911)
- Aubrey J Levine (8383281)
- Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke (9154427)
- Ayele Geleto Bali (8673438)
- Ayesha Humayun (792622)
- Ayman Grada (8377551)
- Aziz Eftekhari (9154019)
- Azmeraw T Amare (8673402)
- Bahram Armoon (8956276)
- Bakhtiar Piroozi (9154289)
- Bal Govind Chauhan (9153977)
- Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart (9154085)
- Bartosz Miazgowski (4229929)
- Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla (8383119)
- Behnam Heidari (7926686)
- Behzad Karami Matin (8673942)
- Benjamin K Mayala (8383305)
- Benn Sartorius (435930)
- Bereket Duko Adema (9154010)
- Berhe Etsay Tesfay (9154385)
- Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali (9153914)
- Beyene Meressa Adhena (6388100)
- Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan (451146)
- Bineyam Taye (389608)
- Birhan Tamene Alemnew (9153908)
- Birhanu Geta (9154073)
- Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw (9154418)
- Boikhutso Tlou (4390138)
- Boris Bikbov (5875262)
- Brian James Hall (9154097)
- Brigette F Blacker (8673495)
- Brijesh Sathian (479264)
- Bryan L Sykes (9154379)
- Carl Abelardo T Antonio (8383107)
- Carlo La Vecchia (360033)
- Carlos Miguel Rios Gonzalez (9154322)
- Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio (427719)
- Catalina Liliana Andrei (8383104)
- Catherine A Welgan (9154409)
- Chabila Christopher Mapoma (9154199)
- Chalachew Genet Akal (9153893)
- Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy (8383752)
- Charles Shey Wiysonge (8674653)
- Chhabi Lal Ranabhat (8383716)
- Chi Linh Hoang (8383233)
- Chinwe Juliana Iwu (9154139)
- Christiane Dolecek (74268)
- Christopher E Troeger (9153863)
- Christopher JL Murray (8383350)
- Chuanhua Yu (838257)
- Chukwudi A Nnaji (8383368)
- Claudio Alberto Davila (9153995)
- Claudiu Herteliu (7722107)
- Collins Chansa (3803194)
- Colm McAlinden (752962)
- Cuong Tat Nguyen (9154259)
- Dabere Nigatu (3204267)
- Dadi Marami (6081188)
- Daniel Adane Endalew (9154034)
- Daniel Bekele Ketema (7490318)
- Daniel Diaz (4677346)
- Dara K Mohammad (8383695)
- David C Schwebel (8383434)
- David L Smith (8674497)
- David Laith Rawaf (8383407)
- David M Pigott (6949178)
- David Teye Doku (4506532)
- Davide Guido (3138222)
- Davide Rasella (632392)
- Davoud Adham (9153887)
- Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash (9154412)
- Deborah Carvalho Malta (7394537)
- Degu Abate (8673276)
- Demelash Abewa Elemineh (9154025)
- Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso (9154100)
- Derrick A Bennett (8383629)
- Desalegn Tadese Mengistu (8674113)
- Dessalegn Ajema Berbada (9153956)
- Desta Haftu Hayelom (9154115)
- Devasahayam J Christopher (8673576)
- Dharmesh Kumar Lal (9154178)
- Dhirendra Narain Sinha (8383452)
- Dian Kusuma (9154172)
- Dietrich Rothenbacher (240639)
- Dilaram Acharya (5393567)
- Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum (8383707)
- Dinh-Toi Chu (4592866)
- Dongyu Zhang (3693070)
- Doris DV Ortega-Altamirano (8383710)
- Dragos Virgil Davitoiu (8673624)
- Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe (8383353)
- Ebrahim Babaee (9153944)
- Ebrahim M Yimer (8674677)
- Edgar Denova-Gutierrez (8673642)
- Eduarda Fernandes (336628)
- Edward J Mills (9154223)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi (9154160)
- Ehsan Sadeghi (8383032)
- Eirini Skiadaresi (8674494)
- Ejaz Ahmad Khan (8383257)
- Eleonora Dubljanin (8383644)
- Elias Merdassa Roro (7481297)
- Emerito Jose A Faraon (9154040)
- Engida Yisma (4616743)
- Enrico Rubagotti (3432494)
- Ensiyeh Jenabi (9096905)
- Eric L Ding (8673660)
- Erkin M Mirrakhimov (8383320)
- Ernoiz Antriyandarti (9153929)
- Eugenio Traini (9154394)
- Evanson Zondani Sambala (9154346)
- Fakher Rahim (582745)
- Farah Daoud (702901)
- Fariba Ghassemi (9154079)
- Farid Najafi (665100)
- Faris Hasan Lami (8383275)
- Farkhonde Salehi (9154337)
- Farnam Mohebi (7382846)
- Farshad Pourmalek (3663784)
- Farzad Manafi (9154196)
- Fatemeh Heydarpour (8673861)
- Fatemeh Rajati (8383404)
- Feleke Mekonnen Demeke (9153998)
- Felix Carvalho (8383638)
- Fereshteh Ansari (4230772)
- Fisaha Haile Tesfay (9154388)
- Fiseha Wadilo Wada (9154403)
- Florian Fischer (3479447)
- Foad Abd-Allah (3663727)
- Francesco S Violante (8030678)
- Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo (8383296)
- Frank B Osei (9154277)
- Franz Castro (3129276)
- G Anil Kumar (8383269)
- Gbenga A Kayode (2847506)
- Gebre Teklemariam Demoz (6883478)
- Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel (9154067)
- Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles (9154208)
- Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun (9154151)
- Gelin Xu (122945)
- Genet Melak Alamene (9153899)
- George C Patton (8383386)
- Gessessew Bugssa Hailu (8673831)
- Getaneh Abebe (9153869)
- Getenet Ayalew Dessie (8673648)
- Getinet Ayano (5176997)
- Getnet Azeze Gedefaw (9154070)
- Getnet Mengistu (5594807)
- Ghobad Moradi (8383335)
- Ghulam Mustafa (458105)
- Giovanni Damiani (9153989)
- Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel (9154406)
- Giuseppe Remuzzi (180748)
- Govinda Prasad Dhungana (9154004)
- Gulfaraz Khan (572591)
- Guoqing Hu (528155)
- GVS Murthy (4260016)
- Hadi Hassankhani (8673843)
- Hadi Pourjafar (4230769)
- Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria (9154376)
- Hagos D de Hidru (9154118)
- Hagos Tasew Atalay (9153938)
- Haileab Fekadu Wolde (8357235)
- Hajer Elkout (318026)
- Hamed Kalani (9154148)
- Hamed Zandian (9154424)
- Hamid Yimam Hassen (7224254)
- Hamideh Salimzadeh (8383425)
- Hamidreza Haririan (9154103)
- Harish Chander Gugnani (9154088)
- Hasan Yusefzadeh (6053639)
- Hebat-Allah Salah A Yousof (9154421)
- Hedayat Abbastabar (8673288)
- Hedley Quintana (8383395)
- Helen Derara Diro (8673663)
- Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi (8673366)
- Hosein Shabaninejad (8118599)
- Hosni Salem (6742205)
- Hossein Farzam (9154046)
- Hossein Poustchi (345582)
- Huda Basaleem (6486509)
- Huyen Phuc Do (9154007)
- Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi (8673798)
- Ibrahim Abdollahpour (5136197)
- Ibrahim Khalil (375999)
- Iman El Sayed (9154022)
- In-Hwan Oh (680029)
- Indang Trihandini (9154397)
- Ionut Negoi (4320520)
- Ireneous N Soyiri (8383749)
- Irfan Ullah (847820)
- Irina Filip (8383191)
- Ismael R Campos-Nonato (8673519)
- Itamar S Santos (8674404)
- Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak (8383248)
- Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal (8383611)
- Jae Il Shin (8112179)
- Jagadish Rao Padubidri (9154280)
- Jagdish Khubchandani (9154163)
- Jai K Das (9153992)
- Jalal Arabloo (7525406)
- James A Platts-Mills (9154292)
- James R Albright (9153905)
- Jan-Walter De Neve (4221829)
- Jasvinder A Singh (8383449)
- Javad Nazari (9154256)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap (5104898)
- Jemal Abdu Mohammed (9154241)
- Jennifer Rickard (7306331)
- Joan B Soriano (6458528)
- Joel Msafiri Francis (6330941)
- John S Ji (8383665)
- Joseph Jon Frostad (9154055)
- Josephine W Ngunjiri (8383356)
- Joshua Longbottom (828908)
- Jost B Jonas (8383245)
- Juan Sanabria (8383722)
- Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon (9153974)
- Junaid Khan (4276162)
- Kala M Mehta (7422068)
- Kamarul Imran Musa (6107879)
- Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad (8674140)
- Kassawmar Angaw Bogale (9153962)
- Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan (4100038)
- Kebadnew Mulatu M Mihretie (9154217)
- Kebede Deribe (95495)
- Kebede Embaye Gezae (8383203)
- Kebreab Paulos (9154283)
- Kedir Hussein Abegaz (9153872)
- Keivan Ahmadi (8383086)
- Ken Lee Chin (8673567)
- Kenean Getaneh Tlaye (9154391)
- Kenji Shibuya (102994)
- Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin (9154064)
- Kewal Krishan (653723)
- Khaled Khatab (3148695)
- Khalid Altirkawi (8383098)
- Khanh Bao Tran (8383473)
- Kiana Ramezanzadeh (9154307)
- Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam (9154061)
- Kimberly B Johnson (9154142)
- Kirsten E Wiens (9153854)
- Koku Sisay Tamirat (9154382)
- Konrad Pesudovs (583550)
- Krishna K Aryal (8383620)
- Krittika Bhattacharyya (8383137)
- Lacey Ben (9154175)
- Lalit Dandona (23174)
- Lauren E Schaeffer (8383068)
- Laurie B Marczak (8383071)
- Leeberk Raja Inbaraj (9154136)
- Leonardo Roever (5404535)
- Leticia Avila-Burgos (610932)
- Liliana Preotescu (9154298)
- Luca Ronfani (123766)
- Lucas Earl (5722877)
- Lucas Guimaraes Abreu (9153875)
- Maarten J Postma (7209776)
- Maciej Banach (3939116)
- Maha El Tantawi (8383179)
- Mahdi Safdarian (6070703)
- Maheswar Satpathy (3663757)
- Malede Mequanent Sisay (9154370)
- Man Mohan Mehndiratta (9154205)
- Manasi Kumar (3492104)
- Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi (8673318)
- Manisha Dubey (838884)
- Manu Raj Mathur (9154202)
- Marcel Ausloos (748325)
- Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone (8383470)
- Margaret N Kosek (9154169)
- Maria Jesus Rios-Blancas (9154325)
- Mario Poljak (212447)
- Martin Amogre Ayanore (4559878)
- Marwa R Rashad Salem (9154343)
- Maryam Adabi (9153881)
- Maryam Khayamzadeh (6578180)
- Marzieh Nojomi (8674227)
- Masood Ali Shaikh (8383443)
- Masoud Behzadifar (4780317)
- Masoud Foroutan (7370870)
- Masoud Moradi (8180409)
- Masresha Tessema Anegago (9153926)
- Mathew M Baumann (9153857)
- Mayowa Ojo Owolabi (8674266)
- Maysaa El Sayed Zaki (8383176)
- Maziar Moradi-Lakeh (3663766)
- Md Mehedi Hasan (8130036)
- Md Nuruzzaman Khan (3717736)
- Meghnath Dhimal (595091)
- Mehdi Ahmadi (808507)
- Mehdi Fazlzadeh (9154049)
- Mehdi Hosseinzadeh (8383239)
- Mehdi Naderi (3246183)
- Mehdi Sharif (3922973)
- Mehdi Yaseri (3577931)
- Mehran Alijanzadeh (8383092)
- Mehran Shams-Beyranvand (8383731)
- Mekdes Tigistu Yilma (8162514)
- Melese Abate Reta (9154316)
- Melkamu Merid Mengesha (7025594)
- Meysam Behzadifar (4780320)
- Michael RM Abrigo (9153878)
- Michael Tamene Haile (9154094)
- Michelle L Bell (8383131)
- Mihajlo Jakovljevic (656157)
- Mika Shigematsu (45986)
- Milena D Ilic (9154133)
- Miliva Mozaffor (5346416)
- Mina Anjomshoa (8383617)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah (7542833)
- Mohammad Ali Mansournia (8383293)
- Mohammad Ali Sahraian (7868096)
- Mohammad Fareed (8383185)
- Mohammad Hossein Khosravi (8673984)
- Mohammad Khazaei (2004547)
- Mohammad Moradi-Joo (9154244)
- Mohammad Rabiee (9154301)
- Mohammad Reza Salahshoor (9154334)
- Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh (9154373)
- Mohammad Zamani (8383506)
- MohammadBagher Shamsi (8444550)
- Mohsen Afarideh (8673339)
- Mohsen Asadi-Lari (6208409)
- Mohsen Bayati (641335)
- Mohsen Naghavi (34491)
- Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi (9154121)
- Molly K Miller-Petrie (9154220)
- Mona M Khater (8383260)
- Moritz UG Kraemer (5147651)
- Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie (8383677)
- Morteza Shamsizadeh (8383734)
- Moses K Muriithi (9154250)
- Moslem Soofi (8383455)
- Mostafa Hosseini (235898)
- Mostafa Leili (8674035)
- Mowafa Househ (9154124)
- Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan (8383458)
- Muhammad Ali (266260)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman (8674323)
- Muki Shehu Shey (9154364)
- Muktar Beshir Ahmed (8673351)
- Muluken Azage Yenesew (7256036)
- Muluken Bekele Sorrie (4336303)
- Mustafa Z Younis (5643812)
- Nader Jafari Balalami (6837779)
- Nader Jahanmehr (8673921)
- Naohiro Yonemoto (468815)
- Narayan Bahadur Mahotra (9154193)
- Narinder Pal Singh (8674491)
- Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji (9154238)
- Nasir Salam (51588)
- Natalie M Cormier (9153983)
- Nathaniel J Henry (8383080)
- Nauman Khalid (7129250)
- Navid Manafi (8377554)
- Navid Rabiee (9154304)
- Naznin Hossain (5198204)
- Neeraj Bedi (8383125)
- Nefsu Awoke (8087573)
- Nejimu Biza Zepro (9154430)
- Nelson Alvis-Guzman (8673399)
- Nelson GM Gomes (9154082)
- Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk (9153920)
- Netsanet Fentahun (4741602)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi (6931424)
- Nicole Davis Weaver (8067497)
- Nihal Thomas (81214)
- Nikolay Ivanovich Briko (9153968)
- Nima Hafezi-Nejad (8673822)
- Ninuk Hariyani (9154106)
- Niranjan Kissoon (218559)
- Norberto Perico (180737)
- Noushin Mohammadifard (8674146)
- Nuno Taveira (232622)
- Nuworza Kugbey (5233574)
- Obinna E Onwujekwe (6251951)
- Oladimeji M Adebayo (8383605)
- Olatunde Aremu (366449)
- Olatunji O Adetokunboh (9153884)
- Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi (8383659)
- Oliver J Brady (8673504)
- Oluchi Okpala (9154268)
- Olufemi Ajumobi (3413198)
- Osayomwanbo Osarenotor (9154274)
- PA Mahesh (7805306)
- Pallab K Maulik (3216663)
- Paramjit Singh Gill (8383209)
- Parvaneh Mirabi (9154229)
- Pascual R Valdez (8383479)
- Paul H Lee (8383278)
- Paul Yip (255215)
- Paula Moraga (845998)
- Paulina A Lindstedt (9153860)
- Peng Jia (194819)
- Peter Njenga Keiyoro (8383671)
- Phetole Walter Mahasha (9154190)
- Platon D Lopukhov (9154187)
- Pranab Chatterjee (3400577)
- Praveen Hoogar (8673885)
- Preeti Dhillon (698615)
- Pushpendra Kumar (1469635)
- Quique Bassat (89288)
- QuynhAnh P Nguyen (9154262)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas (4033322)
- Rafael Alves Guimaraes (9154091)
- Rafael M Claro (9153980)
- Rahman Shiri (119707)
- Rahul Gupta (358711)
- Rajat Das Gupta (5324453)
- Rajeev Gupta (73892)
- Rajesh Sagar (261387)
- Rakesh Lodha (332281)
- Rakhi Dandona (23178)
- Ravi Mehrotra (311758)
- Ravi Prakash Jha (8383242)
- Reta Tsegaye Gayesa (9154058)
- Reza Shirkoohi (2919449)
- Richard Charles Franklin (9154052)
- Ritesh G Menezes (9154214)
- Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader (8673297)
- Robert C Reiner (5147636)
- Roghiyeh Faridnia (9154043)
- Ronny Westerman (471272)
- Rosario Cardenas (8383635)
- Rovshan Khalilov (9154154)
- Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin (8673324)
- Rushdia Ahmed (3907228)
- Ruth W Kimokoti (8383263)
- S Mohammad Sajadi (9154331)
- Sachin R Atre (9153941)
- Saeed Amini (8383101)
- Saeed Safari (4778253)
- Sahel Valadan Tahbaz (9154400)
- Saleem M Rana (9154310)
- Saleh Salehi Zahabi (9154340)
- Salman Khazaei (6829442)
- Salman Rawaf Lal Rawal (9154313)
- Salvatore Rubino (160017)
- Samad Azari (6192668)
- Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne (8673657)
- Sameer Vali Gopalani (8383215)
- Sameh Magdeldin (1311036)
- Sandra B Munro (9153866)
- Sanghamitra Pati (767170)
- Sanjay Zodpey (757163)
- Santosh Varughese (8674614)
- Saravanan Muthupandian (5132528)
- Satar Rezaei (8383719)
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu (7250168)
- Savita Lasrado (9154181)
- Sebastian Vollmer (388995)
- Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye (9154130)
- Seifadin Ahmed Shallo (9154361)
- Senbagam Duraisamy (9154016)
- Senthilkumar Balakrishnan (9153950)
- Sergio I Prada (9154295)
- Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah (8673417)
- Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari (8674668)
- Seyed Mostafa Mir (9154226)
- Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani (8383662)
- Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad (532457)
- Seyyed Meysam Mousavi (8383344)
- Sezer Kisa (6941222)
- Shafiu Mohammed (8383329)
- Shai Linn (11136)
- Shaimaa I El-Jaafary (9154028)
- Shankar M Bakkannavar (9153947)
- Shanshan Li (114847)
- Sharareh Eskandarieh (8673702)
- Sharath Burugina Nagaraja (9153971)
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam (6195494)
- Shirin Djalalinia (2742145)
- Shivakumar KM Kondlahalli (9154166)
- Shymaa Enany (827422)
- Si Si Soraya Siabani (9154367)
- Siamak Sabour (8689300)
- Simin Mouodi (8674161)
- Simon I Hay (6949175)
- Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy (9154349)
- Somayeh Bohlouli (9153965)
- Sonia Lewycka (4662688)
- Soumyadeep Bhaumik (6612317)
- Srinivas Goli (396370)
- Subramanian Senthilkumaran (9154355)
- Suleman Atique (8383113)
- Suraj Bhattarai (8383140)
- Surendra Karki (1804720)
- Susanna J Dunachie (9154013)
- Syed Ather Hussain (9154127)
- Syed Mohamed Aljunid (4814136)
- Tahereh Pashaei (2587489)
- Takeshi Fukumoto (8383197)
- Tamer H Farag (9154037)
- Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa (5855753)
- Tanuj Kanchan (451145)
- Taweewat Wiangkham (773494)
- Taye Abuhay Zewale (9154433)
- Temesgen Yihunie Akalu (5434853)
- Tewodros Eshete Wonde (9154415)
- Theo Vos (117403)
- Till Winfried Barnighausen (9153953)
- Tina Beyranvand (6192662)
- Tissa Wijeratne (8334270)
- Tomohide Yamada (138371)
- Trang Huyen Nguyen (9154265)
- Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo (9154184)
- Tuomo J Meretoja (8383689)
- Turki M Alanzi (9153902)
- Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar (3663781)
- Vahid Alipour (8383095)
- Van C Lansingh (8674023)
- Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito (9154286)
- Vera M Costa (9153986)
- Victor Adekanmbi (4752543)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu (8673555)
- Vinay Nangia (346734)
- Vishnu Renjith (725448)
- Vivekanand Jha (430559)
- Winfried Marz (8674083)
- Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw (8716917)
- Xiu-Ju Zhao (2047783)
- Yafeng Wang (330852)
- Yahya Salimi (5184452)
- Yared Asmare Aynalem (8716926)
- Yasir Waheed (8383494)
- Yibeltal Alemu Bekele (8436645)
- Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo (8673777)
- Yoshan Moodley (28753)
- Yousef Mohammad (9154235)
- Yousef Saleh Khader (8383254)
- Yousef Veisani (8383485)
- Yuan-Pang Wang (184231)
- Yuming Guo (162863)
- Yun Jin Kim (2133199)
- Yunquan Zhang (4815927)
- Zahid A Butt (8383149)
- Zemenu Tadesse Tessema (8383464)
- Zewdie Aderaw Alemu (9153911)
- Ziad A Memish (8674110)
- Zubair Kabir (394455)
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods: We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings: The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation: By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
- Author
- Abbastabar H. (Hedayat)
- Abd El Razek H. M. (Hassan Magdy)
- Abd El Razek M. M. (Muhammed Magdy)
- Abd-Allah F. (Foad)
- Abdelalim A. (Ahmed)
- Abdollahpour I. (Ibrahim)
- Abegaz K. H. (Kedir Hussein)
- Abejie A. N. (Ayenew Negesse)
- Abreu L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes)
- Abrigo M. R. (Michael R. M.)
- Abualhasan A. (Ahmed)
- Accrombessi M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou)
- Acharya D. (Dilaram)
- Adabi M. (Maryam)
- Adamu A. A. (Abdu A.)
- Adebayo O. M. (Oladimeji M.)
- Adedoyin R. A. (Rufus Adesoji)
- Adekanmbi V. (Victor)
- Adetokunboh O. O. (Olatunji O.)
- Adhena B. M. (Beyene Meressa)
- Afarideh M. (Mohsen)
- Ahmad S. (Sohail)
- Ahmadi K. (Keivan)
- Ahmed A. E. (Anwar E.)
- Ahmed M. B. (Muktar Beshir)
- Ahmed R. (Rushdia)
- Akalu T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie)
- Al-Aly Z. (Ziyad)
- Al-Mekhlafi H. M. (Hesham M.)
- Alahdab F. (Fares)
- Alam N. (Noore)
- Alam S. (Samiah)
- Alamene G. M. (Genet Melak)
- Alanzi T. M. (Turki M.)
- Alcalde-Rabanal J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth)
- Ali B. A. (Beriwan Abdulqadir)
- Alijanzadeh M. (Mehran)
- Alipour V. (Vahid)
- Aljunid S. M. (Syed Mohamed)
- Almasi A. (Ali)
- Almasi-Hashiani A. (Amir)
- Altirkawi K. A. (Khalid A.)
- Alvis-Guzman N. (Nelson)
- Alvis-Zakzuk N. J. (Nelson J.)
- Amini S. (Saeed)
- Amit A. M. (Arianna Maever L.)
- Andrei C. L. (Catalina Liliana)
- Anjomshoa M. (Mina)
- Anoushiravani A. (Amir)
- Ansari F. (Fereshteh)
- Antonio C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.)
- Antony B. (Benny)
- Antriyandarti E. (Ernoiz)
- Arabloo J. (Jalal)
- Aref H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin)
- Aremu O. (Olatunde)
- Armoon B. (Bahram)
- Arora A. (Amit)
- Aryal K. K. (Krishna K.)
- Arzani A. (Afsaneh)
- Asadi-Aliabadi M. (Mehran)
- Atalay H. T. (Hagos Tasew)
- Athari S. M. (Seyyede Masoume)
- Athari S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin)
- Atre S. R. (Sachin R.)
- Ausloos M. (Marcel)
- Awoke N. (Nefsu)
- Ayano G. (Getinet)
- Ayanore M. A. (Martin Amogre)
- Aynalem Y. A. (Yared Asmare)
- Azari S. (Samad)
- Azzopardi P. S. (Peter S.)
- Babaee E. (Ebrahim)
- Babalola T. K. (Tesleem Kayode)
- Badawi A. (Alaa)
- Bairwa M. (Mohan)
- Bakkannavar S. M. (Shankar M.)
- Balakrishnan S. (Senthilkumar)
- Bali A. G. (Ayele Geleto)
- Banach M. (Maciej)
- Banoub J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar)
- Barac A. (Aleksandra)
- Barnighausen T. W. (Till Winfried)
- Basaleem H. (Huda)
- Basu S. (Sanjay)
- Baumann M. M. (Mathew M.)
- Bay V. D. (Vo Dinh)
- Bayati M. (Mohsen)
- Baye E. (Estifanos)
- Bedi N. (Neeraj)
- Beheshti M. (Mahya)
- Behzadifar M. (Masoud)
- Behzadifar M. (Meysam)
- Bekele B. B. (Bayu Begashaw)
- Belayneh Y. M. (Yaschilal Muche)
- Bell M. L. (Michelle L.)
- Bennett D. A. (Derrick A.)
- Berbada D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema)
- Bernstein R. S. (Robert S.)
- Bhat A. G. (Anusha Ganapati)
- Bhattacharyya K. (Krittika)
- Bhattarai S. (Suraj)
- Bhaumik S. (Soumyadeep)
- Bhutta Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.)
- Bijani A. (Ali)
- Bikbov B. (Boris)
- Bin Zaman S. (Sojib)
- Birihane B. M. (Binyam Minuye)
- Biswas R. K. (Raaj Kishore)
- Blacker B. F. (Brigette F.)
- Bohlouli S. (Somayeh)
- Bojia H. A. (Hunduma Amensisa)
- Boufous S. (Soufiane)
- Brady O. J. (Oliver J.)
- Bragazzi N. L. (Nicola Luigi)
- Briko A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich)
- Briko N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich)
- Britton G. B. (Gabrielle B.)
- Busse R. (Reinhard)
- Butt Z. A. (Zahid A.)
- Camera L. A. (Luis Alberto)
- Campos-Nonato I. R. (Ismael R.)
- Cano J. (Jorge)
- Car J. (Josip)
- Cardenas R. (Rosario)
- Carvalho F. (Felix)
- Castaneda-Orjuela C. A. (Carlos A.)
- Castro F. (Franz)
- Chanie W. F. (Wagaye Fentahun)
- Chatterjee P. (Pranab)
- Chattu V. K. (Vijay Kumar)
- Chichiabellu T. Y. (Tesfaye Yitna)
- Chin K. L. (Ken Lee)
- Christopher D. J. (Devasahayam J.)
- Chu D.-T. (Dinh-Toi)
- Cormier N. M. (Natalie Maria)
- Costa V. M. (Vera Marisa)
- Culquichicon C. (Carlos)
- Daba M. S. (Matiwos Soboka)
- Damiani G. (Giovanni)
- Dandona L. (Lalit)
- Dandona R. (Rakhi)
- Dang A. K. (Anh Kim)
- Darwesh A. M. (Aso Mohammad)
- Darwish A. H. (Amira Hamed)
- Daryani A. (Ahmad)
- Das Gupta R. (Rajat)
- Das J. K. (Jai K.)
- Dash A. P. (Aditya Prasad)
- Davey G. (Gail)
- Davila-Cervantes C. A. (Claudio Alberto)
- Davis A. C. (Adrian C.)
- Davitoiu D. V. (Dragos Virgil)
- de Hidru H. D. (Hagos Degefa)
- De la Hoz F. P. (Fernando Pio)
- Demis A. B. (Asmamaw Bizuneh)
- Demissie D. B. (Dereje Bayissa)
- Demissie G. D. (Getu Debalkie)
- Demoz G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam)
- Demoz G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam)
- Denova-Gutierrez E. (Edgar)
- Deribe K. (Kebede)
- Desalew A. (Assefa)
- Deshpande A. (Aniruddha)
- Dharmaratne S. D. (Samath Dhamminda)
- Dhillon P. (Preeti)
- Dhimal M. (Meghnath)
- Dhungana G. P. (Govinda Prasad)
- Diaz D. (Daniel)
- Dipeolu I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi)
- Djalalinia S. (Shirin)
- Doyle K. E. (Kerrie E.)
- Dubljanin E. (Eleonora)
- Duko B. (Bereket)
- Duraes A. R. (Andre Rodrigues)
- Edinur H. A. (Hisham Atan)
- Effiong A. (Andem)
- Eftekhari A. (Aziz)
- El Nahas N. (Nevine)
- El Sayed I. (Iman)
- El Tantawi M. (Maha)
- El-Jaafary S. I. (Shaimaa I.)
- Elema T. B. (Teshome Bekele)
- Elhabashy H. R. (Hala Rashad)
- Elkout H. (Hajer)
- Elsharkawy A. (Aisha)
- Elyazar I. R. (Iqbal R. F.)
- Endalamaw A. (Aklilu)
- Endalew D. A. (Daniel Adane)
- Eskandarieh S. (Sharareh)
- Esteghamati A. (Alireza)
- Esteghamati S. (Sadaf)
- Etemadi A. (Arash)
- Ezekannagha O. (Oluchi)
- Fareed M. (Mohammad)
- Faridnia R. (Roghiyeh)
- Farzadfar F. (Farshad)
- Fazlzadeh M. (Mehdi)
- Feigin V. L. (Valery L.)
- Fereshtehnejad S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad)
- Fernandes E. (Eduarda)
- Filip I. (Irina)
- Fischer F. (Florian)
- Foigt N. A. (Nataliya A.)
- Folayan M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin)
- Foroutan M. (Masoud)
- Franklin R. C. (Richard Charles)
- Fukumoto T. (Takeshi)
- Gad M. M. (Mohamed M.)
- Gayesa R. T. (Reta Tsegaye)
- Gebre T. (Teshome)
- Gebremedhin K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork)
- Gebremeskel G. G. (Gebreamlak Gebremedhn)
- Gesesew H. A. (Hailay Abrha)
- Gezae K. E. (Kebede Embaye)
- Ghadiri K. (Keyghobad)
- Ghashghaee A. (Ahmad)
- Ghimire P. R. (Pramesh Raj)
- Gill P. S. (Paramjit Singh)
- Gill T. K. (Tiffany K.)
- Ginindza T. G. (Themba G.)
- Gomes N. G. (Nelson G. M.)
- Gopalani S. V. (Sameer Vali)
- Goulart A. C. (Alessandra C.)
- Goulart B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia)
- Grada A. (Ayman)
- Gubari M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen)
- Gugnani H. C. (Harish Chander)
- Guido D. (Davide)
- Guimaraes R. A. (Rafael Alves)
- Guo Y. (Yuming)
- Gupta R. (Rajeev)
- Hafezi-Nejad N. (Nima)
- Haile D. H. (Dessalegn H.)
- Hailu G. B. (Gessessew Bugssa)
- Haj-Mirzaian A. (Arvin)
- Haj-Mirzaian A. (Arya)
- Hamadeh R. R. (Randah R.)
- Hamidi S. (Samer)
- Handiso D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes)
- Haririan H. (Hamidreza)
- Hariyani N. (Ninuk)
- Hasaballah A. I. (Ahmed I.)
- Hasan M. M. (Md Mehedi)
- Hasanpoor E. (Edris)
- Hasanzadeh A. (Amir)
- Hassankhani H. (Hadi)
- Hassen H. Y. (Hamid Yimam)
- Hawariat F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel W.)
- Hay S. I. (Simon I.)
- Hegazy M. I. (Mohamed I.)
- Heibati B. (Behzad)
- Heidari B. (Behnam)
- Hendrie D. (Delia)
- Henry N. J. (Nathaniel J.)
- Herteliu C. (Claudiu)
- Heydarpour F. (Fatemeh)
- Hird T. R. (Thomas R.)
- Hoang C. L. (Chi Linh)
- Hoogar P. (Praveen)
- Hoseini M. (Mohammad)
- Hossain N. (Naznin)
- Hosseini M. (Mostafa)
- Hosseinzadeh M. (Mehdi)
- Househ M. (Mowafa)
- Hsairi M. (Mohamed)
- Hu G. (Guoqing)
- Hussen M. M. (Mohammedaman Mama)
- Ibitoye S. E. (Segun Emmanuel)
- Igumbor E. U. (Ehimario U.)
- Il Shin J. (Jae)
- Ilesanmi O. S. (Olayinka Stephen)
- Ilic M. D. (Milena D.)
- Imani-Nasab M. H. (Mohammad Hasan)
- Iqbal U. (Usman)
- Irvani S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi)
- Islam S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful)
- Iwu C. J. (Chinwe Juliana)
- Izadi N. (Neda)
- Jabbari S. H. (Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh)
- Jaca A. (Anelisa)
- Jahanmehr N. (Nader)
- Jakovljevic M. (Mihajlo)
- Jalali A. (Amir)
- Jayatilleke A. U. (Achala Upendra)
- Jha R. P. (Ravi Prakash)
- Jha V. (Vivekanand)
- Ji J. S. (John S.)
- Johnson K. B. (Kimberly B.)
- Jonas J. B. (Jost B.)
- Jose B. P. (Bruno Piassi Sao)
- Jozwiak J. J. (Jacek Jerzy)
- Kabir A. (Ali)
- Kabir Z. (Zubair)
- Kahsay A. (Amaha)
- Kalan M. E. (Mohammad Ebrahimi)
- Kalani H. (Hamed)
- Kanchan T. (Tanuj)
- Karch A. (Andre)
- Karim M. A. (Mohd Anisul)
- Karki H. K. (Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Surendra)
- Karyani A. K. (Ali Kazemi)
- Kasaeian A. (Amir)
- Kasahun G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie)
- Kasahun Y. C. (Yawukal Chane)
- Kasaye H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe)
- Kassa G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.)
- Kassa G. M. (Getachew Mullu)
- Kayode G. A. (Gbenga A.)
- Kebede M. M. (Mihiretu M.)
- Keiyoro P. N. (Peter Njenga)
- Kelbore A. G. (Abraham Getachew)
- Kengne A. P. (Andre Pascal)
- Ketema D. B. (Daniel Bekele)
- Khader Y. S. (Yousef Saleh)
- Khafaie M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif)
- Khalid N. (Nauman)
- Khalilov R. (Rovshan)
- Khan E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad)
- Khan J. (Junaid)
- Khan M. N. (Md Nuruzzaman)
- Khan M. S. (Muhammad Shahzeb)
- Khatab K. (Khaled)
- Khater A. M. (Amir M.)
- Khater M. M. (Mona M.)
- Khayamzadeh M. (Maryam)
- Khazaei M. (Mohammad)
- Khazaei S. (Salman)
- Khosravi M. H. (Mohammad Hossein)
- Khubchandani J. (Jagdish)
- Kiadaliri A. (Ali)
- Kim Y. J. (Yun Jin)
- Kimokoti R. W. (Ruth W.)
- Kisa A. (Adnan)
- Kisa S. (Sezer)
- Kissoon N. (Niranjan)
- Kochhar S. (Sonali)
- Kolola T. (Tufa)
- Komaki H. (Hamidreza)
- Kosen S. (Soewarta)
- Koul P. A. (Parvaiz A.)
- Koyanagi A. (Ai)
- Kraemer M. U. (Moritz U. G.)
- Krishan K. (Kewal)
- Kugbey N. (Nuworza)
- Kumar G. A. (G. Anil)
- Kumar M. (Manasi)
- Kumar P. (Pushpendra)
- Kusuma V. K. (Vivek Kumar Dian)
- La Vecchia C. (Carlo)
- Lacey B. (Ben)
- Lad S. D. (Sheetal D.)
- Lal D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar)
- Lam F. (Felix)
- Lami F. H. (Faris Hasan)
- Lamichhane P. (Prabhat)
- Lansingh V. C. (Van Charles)
- Lasrado S. (Savita)
- Laxmaiah A. (Avula)
- Lee P. H. (Paul H.)
- LeGrand K. E. (Kate E.)
- Leili M. (Mostafa)
- Lenjebo T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso)
- Leshargie C. T. (Cheru Tesema)
- Levine A. J. (Aubrey J.)
- Li S. (Shanshan)
- Lindstedt P. A. (Paulina A.)
- Linn S. (Shai)
- Liu S. (Shiwei)
- Liu S. (Simin)
- Lodha R. (Rakesh)
- Longbottom J. (Joshua)
- Lopez J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.)
- Mahasha P. W. (Phetole Walter)
- Mahesh P. A. (P. A.)
- Mahotra N. B. (Narayan B.)
- Majeed A. (Azeem)
- Malekzadeh R. (Reza)
- Malta D. C. (Deborah Carvalho)
- Mamun A. A. (Abdullah A.)
- Manafi N. (Navid)
- Manda A. L. (Ana Laura)
- Manohar N. D. (Narendar Dawani Dawanu)
- Mansournia M. A. (Mohammad Ali)
- Mapoma C. C. (Chabila Christopher)
- Maravilla J. C. (Joemer C.)
- Martinez G. (Gabriel)
- Martini S. (Santi)
- Martins-Melo F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio)
- Masaka A. (Anthony)
- Massenburg B. B. (Benjamin Ballard)
- Mathur M. R. (Manu Raj)
- Matin B. K. (Behzad Karami)
- Mayala B. K. (Benjamin K.)
- Mazidi M. (Mohsen)
- McAlinden C. (Colm)
- Meharie B. G. (Birhanu Geta)
- Mehndiratta M. M. (Man Mohan)
- Mehta K. M. (Kala M.)
- Mekonnen T. C. (Tefera Chane)
- Meles G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael)
- Memiah P. T. (Peter T. N.)
- Memish Z. A. (Ziad A.)
- Mendoza W. (Walter)
- Menezes R. G. (Ritesh G.)
- Mereta S. T. (Seid Tiku)
- Meretoja T. J. (Tuomo J.)
- Mestrovic T. (Tomislav)
- Mezerji N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi)
- Miazgowski B. (Bartosz)
- Mihretie K. M. (Kebadnew Mulatu)
- Miller T. R. (Ted R.)
- Mini G. K. (G. K.)
- Mirrakhimov E. M. (Erkin M.)
- Moazen B. (Babak)
- Mohajer B. (Bahram)
- Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A. (Amjad)
- Mohammad D. K. (Dara K.)
- Mohammad K. A. (Karzan Abdulmuhsin)
- Mohammad Y. (Yousef)
- Mohammadibakhsh R. (Roghayeh)
- Mohammadifard N. (Noushin)
- Mohammed J. A. (Jemal Abdu)
- Mohammed S. (Shafiu)
- Mohebi F. (Farnam)
- Mokdad A. H. (Ali H.)
- Molokhia M. (Mariam)
- Monasta L. (Lorenzo)
- Moodley Y. (Yoshan)
- Moore C. E. (Catrin E.)
- Moradi G. (Ghobad)
- Moradi M. (Masoud)
- Moradi-Joo M. (Mohammad)
- Moradi-Lakeh M. (Maziar)
- Moraga P. (Paula)
- Morales L. (Linda)
- Mosapour A. (Abbas)
- Motlagh S. N. (Soraya Nouraei)
- Mouodi S. (Simin)
- Mousavi S. M. (Seyyed Meysam)
- Mozaffor M. (Miliva)
- Muchie K. F. (Kindie Fentahun)
- Mulaw G. F. (Getahun Fentaw)
- Munro S. B. (Sandra B.)
- Muriithi M. K. (Moses K.)
- Murray C. J. (Christoper J. L.)
- Murthy G. V. (G. V. S.)
- Musa K. I. (Kamarul Imran)
- Mustafa G. (Ghulam)
- Muthupandian S. (Saravanan)
- Nabhan A. F. (Ashraf F.)
- Naderi M. (Mehdi)
- Nagaraja S. B. (Sharath Burugina)
- Nagarajan A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman)
- Naidoo K. S. (Kovin S.)
- Naik G. (Gurudatta)
- Najafi F. (Farid)
- Nangia V. (Vinay)
- Nansseu J. R. (Jobert Richie)
- Nascimento B. R. (Bruno Ramos)
- Nazari J. (Javad)
- Ndwandwe D. E. (Duduzile Edith)
- Negoi I. (Ionut)
- Netsere H. B. (Henok Biresaw)
- Ngunjiri J. W. (Josephine W.)
- Nguyen C. T. (Cuong Tat)
- Nguyen H. L. (Huong Lan Thi)
- Nguyen T. H. (Trang Huyen)
- Nigatu D. (Dabere)
- Nigatu S. G. (Solomon Gedlu)
- Ningrum D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini)
- Nnaji C. A. (Chukwudi A.)
- Nojomi M. (Marzieh)
- Nong V. M. (Vuong Minh)
- Norheim O. F. (Ole F.)
- Noubiap J. J. (Jean Jacques)
- Oancea B. (Bogdan)
- Ogah O. S. (Okechukwu Samuel)
- Ogbo F. A. (Felix Akpojene)
- Oh I.-H. (In-Hwan)
- Olagunju A. T. (Andrew T.)
- Olagunju T. O. (Tinuke O.)
- Olusanya B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola)
- Olusanya J. O. (Jacob Olusegun)
- Onwujekwe O. E. (Obinna E.)
- Oren E. (Eyal)
- Ortega-Altamirano D. V. (Doris V.)
- Osarenotor O. (Osayomwanbo)
- Osei F. B. (Frank B.)
- Owolabi M. O. (Mayowa O.)
- Padubidri J. R. (Jagadish Rao)
- Pakhale S. (Smita)
- Patel S. K. (Sangram Kishor)
- Paternina-Caicedo A. J. (Angel J.)
- Pathak A. (Ashish)
- Patton G. C. (George C.)
- Paudel D. (Deepak)
- Paulos K. (Kebreab)
- Pepito V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino)
- Pereira A. (Alexandre)
- Perico N. (Norberto)
- Pervaiz A. (Aslam)
- Pescarini J. M. (Julia Moreira)
- Piroozi B. (Bakhtiar)
- Pirsaheb M. (Meghdad)
- Postma M. J. (Maarten J.)
- Pourjafar H. (Hadi)
- Pourmalek F. (Farshad)
- Pourshams A. (Akram)
- Poustchi H. (Hossein)
- Prada S. I. (Sergio I.)
- Prasad D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara)
- Prasad N. (Narayan)
- Preotescu L. (Liliana)
- Quintana H. (Hedley)
- Quintanilla B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala)
- Rabiee N. (Navid)
- Rad E. H. (Enayatollah Homaie)
- Radfar A. (Amir)
- Rafiei A. (Alireza)
- Rahim F. (Fakher)
- Rahimi-Movaghar A. (Afarin)
- Rahimi-Movaghar V. (Vafa)
- Rahman M. A. (Muhammad Aziz)
- Rahman M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur)
- Rahman S. (Shafiur)
- Rajati F. (Fatemeh)
- Rana S. M. (Saleem Muhammad)
- Ranabhat C. L. (Chhabi Lal)
- Rasella D. (Davide)
- Rawaf D. L. (David Laith)
- Rawaf S. (Salman)
- Rawal L. (Lal)
- Rawasia W. F. (Wasiq Faraz)
- Reiner R. C. (Robert C., Jr.)
- Renjith V. (Vishnu)
- Renzaho A. M. (Andre M. N.)
- Resnikoff S. (Serge)
- Reta M. A. (Melese Abate)
- Rezaei N. (Negar)
- Rezai M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh)
- Riahi S. M. (Seyed Mohammad)
- Ribeiro A. I. (Ana Isabel)
- Rickard J. (Jennifer)
- Rios-Blancas M. (Maria)
- Roever L. (Leonardo)
- Ronfani L. (Luca)
- Roro E. M. (Elias Merdassa)
- Ross J. M. (Jennifer M.)
- Rubagotti E. (Enrico)
- Rubino S. (Salvatore)
- Saad A. M. (Anas M.)
- Sabde Y. D. (Yogesh Damodar)
- Sabour S. (Siamak)
- Sadeghi E. (Ehsan)
- Safari Y. (Yahya)
- Safari-Faramani R. (Roya)
- Sagar R. (Rajesh)
- Sahebkar A. (Amirhossein)
- Sahraian M. A. (Mohammad Ali)
- Sajadi S. M. (S. Mohammad)
- Salahshoor M. R. (Mohammad Reza)
- Salam N. (Nasir)
- Salamati P. (Payman)
- Salem H. (Hosni)
- Salem M. R. (Marwa Rashad)
- Salimi Y. (Yahya)
- Salimzadeh H. (Hamideh)
- Samy A. M. (Abdallah M.)
- Sanabria J. (Juan)
- Santric-Milicevic M. M. (Milena M.)
- Saraswathy S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer)
- Sarkar K. (Kaushik)
- Sarker A. R. (Abdur Razzaque)
- Sarrafzadegan N. (Nizal)
- Sartorius B. (Benn)
- Sathian B. (Brijesh)
- Sathish T. (Thirunavukkarasu)
- Sawhney M. (Monika)
- Saxena S. (Sonia)
- Schaeffer L. E. (Lauren E.)
- Schwebel D. C. (David C.)
- Senbeta A. M. (Anbissa Muleta)
- Senthilkumaran S. (Subramanian)
- Sepanlou S. G. (Sadaf G.)
- Servan-Mori E. (Edson)
- Shabaninejad H. (Hosein)
- Shafieesabet A. (Azadeh)
- Shaikh M. A. (Masood Ali)
- Shalash A. S. (Ali S.)
- Shallo S. A. (Seifadin Ahmed)
- Shams-Beyranvand M. (Mehran)
- Shamsi M. (MohammadBagher)
- Shamsizadeh M. (Morteza)
- Shannawaz M. (Mohammed)
- Sharafi K. (Kiomars)
- Sharifi H. (Hamid)
- Shehata H. S. (Hatem Samir)
- Sheikh A. (Aziz)
- Shetty B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar)
- Shibuya K. (Kenji)
- Shiferaw W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw)
- Shifti D. M. (Desalegn Markos)
- Shigematsu M. (Mika)
- Shiri R. (Rahman)
- Shirkoohi R. (Reza)
- Shivakumar K. M. (K. M.)
- Siabani S. (Soraya)
- Siddiqi T. J. (Tariq Jamal)
- Silva D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos)
- Singh A. (Ambrish)
- Singh J. A. (Jasvinder A.)
- Singh N. P. (Narinder Pal)
- Singh V. (Virendra)
- Sisay M. M. (Malede Mequanent)
- Skiadaresi E. (Eirini)
- Sobhiyeh M. R. (Mohammad Reza)
- Sokhan A. (Anton)
- Soltani S. (Shahin)
- Somayaji R. (Ranjani)
- Soofi M. (Moslem)
- Sorrie M. B. (Muluken Bekele)
- Soyiri I. N. (Ireneous N.)
- Sreeramareddy C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.)
- Sudaryanto A. (Agus)
- Sufiyan M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale)
- Suleria H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul)
- Sultana M. (Marufa)
- Sunguya B. F. (Bruno Fokas)
- Sykes B. L. (Bryan L.)
- Tabares-Seisdedos R. (Rafael)
- Tabuchi T. (Takahiro)
- Tadesse D. B. (Degena Bahrey)
- Tarigan I. U. (Ingan Ukur)
- Tasew A. A. (Aberash Abay)
- Tefera Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin)
- Tekle M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin)
- Temsah M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani)
- Tesfay B. E. (Berhe Etsay)
- Tesfay F. H. (Fisaha Haile)
- Tessema B. (Belay)
- Tessema Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse)
- Thankappan K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman)
- Thomas N. (Nihal)
- Toma A. (Alemayehu)
- Topor-Madry R. (Roman)
- Tovani-Palone M. R. (Marcos Roberto)
- Traini E. (Eugenio)
- Tran B. X. (Bach Xuan)
- Tran K. B. (Khanh Bao)
- Ullah I. (Irfan)
- Unnikrishnan B. (Bhaskaran)
- Usman M. S. (Muhammad Shariq)
- Uzochukwu B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi)
- Valdez P. R. (Pascual R.)
- Varughese S. (Santosh)
- Velasquez I. M. (Ilais Moreno)
- Violante F. S. (Francesco S.)
- Vollmer S. (Sebastian)
- Waheed Y. (Yasir)
- Wallin M. T. (Mitchell Taylor)
- Wang Y. (Yafeng)
- Wang Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang)
- Weaver M. (Marcia)
- Weji B. G. (Bedilu Girma)
- Weldesamuel G. T. (Girmay Teklay)
- Welgan C. A. (Catherine A.)
- Werdecker A. (Andrea)
- Westerman R. (Ronny)
- Wiangkham T. (Taweewat)
- Wiens K. E. (Kirsten E.)
- Wiysonge C. S. (Charles Shey)
- Wolde H. F. (Haileab Fekadu)
- Wondafrash D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu)
- Wonde T. E. (Tewodros Eshete)
- Worku G. T. (Getasew Taddesse)
- Wu A.-M. (Ai-Min)
- Xu G. (Gelin)
- Yadollahpour A. (Ali)
- Yamada T. (Tomohide)
- Yatsuya H. (Hiroshi)
- Yeshaneh A. (Alex)
- Yilgwan C. S. (Christopher Sabo)
- Yilma M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu)
- Yip P. (Paul)
- Yisma E. (Engida)
- Yonemoto N. (Naohiro)
- Yoon S.-J. (Seok-Jun)
- Younis M. Z. (Mustafa Z.)
- Yousefifard M. (Mahmoud)
- Yousof H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.)
- Yu C. (Chuanhua)
- Yusefzadeh H. (Hasan)
- Zadey S. (Siddhesh)
- Zaidi Z. (Zoubida)
- Zaki M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed)
- Zamani M. (Mohammad)
- Zandian H. (Hamed)
- Zepro N. B. (Nejimu Biza)
- Zerfu T. A. (Taddese Alemu)
- Zhang Y. (Yunquan)
- Zhao X. G. (Xiu-Ju George)
- Ziapour A. (Arash)
- Zodpey S. (Sanjay)
- Zuniga Y. M. (Yves Miel H.)
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Abstract
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs.
Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws.
Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average.
Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers’ understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage