The Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Magnesium Sulfate During Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery on Post-operative Pain: A Clinical Trial

Background: This prospective randomized controlled clinical study aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on pain management post orthognathic surgery. Methods: In this study, 52 patients undergoing orthognatic surgery were randomly allocated to receive MgSO4 or saline intravenously. The intervention group (n = 26) received intravenous MgSO4 (30 mg/kg bolus for 15 minutes immediately before anesthesia induction followed by 10 mg/kg/h dissolved in saline via pump infusion) and the second group (n = 26) received the placebo in the same bolus volume as a normal saline in a 15 minute intravenous infusion which was continued until the end of the operation. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine the intensity of pain. Invasive arterial blood pressure and valid and invalid analgesic demand were also recorded. Side effects were recorded, as well. Results: This study was conducted on 52 patients, 26 per group. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to demographics. During the post-operative period, the patients in the control group showed larger analgesic requirement 7 (26.9%) compared to those in the magnesium group 4 (15.4%) and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.308). The post-operative VAS scores evaluated serially from the recovery room also showed a significant difference between the intervention 3 (11.5%) and the control group 14 (53.8%) after the surgery (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding VAS scores in the surgical ward [7 (26.9%) vs. 8 (30.8%) P = 0.760]. Conclusions: Intra-operative administration of intravenous MgSO4 reduced opioid consumption for pain after bimaxillary orthognathic operations

Epidemiological survey and geographical distribution of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Khorasan province, 2006-2013

Background: Leishmaniasis is a widespread problem, especially in the tropical and subtropical countries. Since understanding epidemiologic and geographical distribution of the diseases is necessary for prevention and control of Leishmaniasis. This study was conducted for epidemiological survey of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Khorasan Province, using GIS during the years 2006-2013. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of the Leishmaniasis patients between the years 2006 and 2013 collected from the different districts ofN. Khorasan Province. The gathered data was analyzed by using Spps16 statistical software and chi-square test. Results:Data concerning 2831 patients with CL were collected.The maximum outbreak of the disease occurred in 2011 and theminimum occurrence was reported to be in2008. The mean age of the study population was22/80 ± 18/08 and the maximum cases of infection were observed in age group of 16-30 years. 58/6 percent of the patients were male and 53/5 percent of them lived in the villages. The maximum infection of the disease was observed in Esfarayen with 1095 people (38/7 percent). There was a significant relationship between the gender and age of the patients and cutaneous Leishmaniasis (

Using machine learning techniques in multi-hazards assessment of Golestan National Park, Iran

Golestan National Park is one of the oldest biosphere reserves exposed to environmental hazards due to growing demand, geographical location of the park, mountainous conditions, and developments in the last five decades. This study aimed to evaluate potential environmental hazards using machine-learning techniques. This study applied maximum entropy, random forest, boosted regression tree, generalized additive model, and support vector machine methods to model environmental hazards and evaluated the impact of affecting agents and their area of influence. After data collection and preprocessing, the models were implemented, tuned, and trained, and their accuracies were determined using the “receiver operating characteristic curve”. The results indicate the high importance of climatic and human variables, including rainfall, temperature, presence of shepherds, and villagers for fire hazards, elevation, transit roads, temperature, and rainfall for the formation of floodplains, and elevation, transit roads, rainfall, and topographic wetness index in the occurrence of landslides in the national park. The boosted regression tree model with a “AUC value” of 0.98 for flooding, 0.97 for fire, and 0.93 for landslides hazards, had the best performance. The modeling estimated that, on average, 16.2% of the area of Golestan National Park has a high potential for landslides, 14% has a high potential for fire, and 7.2% has a high potential for flooding. So, results of this study can be applied by land use planners, decision makers, and managers of various organizations to decrease effects of these hazards Golestan National Park (GNP).</p

Investiga el impacto del uso del PMIS en la gestión de recursos sobre el costo de los proyectos como modelo conceptual en proyectos de construcción

El Sistema de Información de Gestión de Proyectos (PMIS) es una herramienta poderosa en las discusiones sobre gestión de proyectos debido a sus muchos beneficios. La implementación inadecuada de un PMIS y la falta de atención a sus factores cualitativos que influyen en el éxito del proyecto nunca conducirán al logro de los objetivos del proyecto. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar el impacto del uso de PMIS en la gestión de costos de los proyectos de construcción que han utilizado este sistema de información. En este estudio, se evaluó el impacto de los factores de calidad de PMIS como la calidad del proyecto, el nivel de tecnología de implementación, el nivel de habilidades de diseño, el coeficiente de trabajo en equipo y el tiempo de ejecución en la gestión de costos del proyecto. La población estadística es el cuestionario de proyectos implementados a través de PMIS en proyectos de construcción, en base al cual se distribuyeron 100 cuestionarios entre los proyectos y luego se recopilaron. En este estudio, se ha utilizado el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales para investigar las hipótesis de investigación. En este sentido, se utilizó el software "SPSS". Los resultados de este estudio indican que la calidad del sistema, la calidad de la información y la calidad del servicio tienen un efecto positivo en el éxito del proyecto en términos de gestión de costos

The Landscape and Roadmap of the Research and Innovation Infrastructures in Energy:A Review of the Case Study of the UK

Research and development are critical for driving economic growth. To realise the UK government’s Industrial Strategy, we develop an energy research and innovation infrastructure roadmap and landscape for the energy sector looking to the long term (2030). This study is based on a picture of existing UK infrastructure on energy. It shows the links between the energy sector and other sectors, the distribution of energy research and innovation infrastructures, the age of these infrastructures, where most of the energy research and innovation infrastructures are hosted, and the distribution of energy research and innovation infrastructures according to their legal structure. Next, this study identifies the roadmap of energy research and innovation infrastructures by 2030, based on a categorisation of the energy sector into seven subsectors. Challenges and future require-ments are explored for each of the sub-sectors, encompassing fossil fuels and nuclear energy to renewable energy sources and hydrogen, and from pure science to applied engineering. The study discusses the potential facilities to address these challenges within each sub-sector. It explores the e-infrastructure and data needs for the energy sector and provides a discussion on other sectors of the economy that energy research and innovation infrastructures contribute to. Some of the key messages identified in this study are the need for further large-scale initiative and large demonstrators of multi-vector energy systems, the need for multi-disciplinary research and innovation, and the need for greater data sharing and cyber-physical demonstrators. Finally, this work will serve as an important study to provide guidance for future investment strategy for the energy sector.</p

Simulation and Analysis of Land Subsidence Phenomenon Using Poroelasticity Theory (Case Study: Tehran-Shahriar Plain)

Indiscriminate extraction of underground water sources causes a drop in the water level and an increase in the stress on the soil particles, which leads to the subsidence of the earth's surface. Shahryar's critical plain has been affected by the phenomenon of subsidence for the past few years. The existence of vital arteries, economic, pilgrimage and military areas has turned it into a strategic area, which doubles the cost of the harmful consequences of subsidence. In this research, a new method is used to predict and analyze subsidence, under the title of Poroelasticity module of COMSOL software, which uses the simultaneous solution of equations related to fluid movement in porous media and mechanical deformation. The output of the numerical model was validated and compared between 2003 and 2019 at 24 points with the alignment observations, the Sentinel 1 radar interferometric images. The correlation coefficient of 0.97 indicates an acceptable correlation between the data values, the good matching of the interferometric images with the maps of the subsidence zones obtained from the software data and the approach of the squared values of the mean squared error and the efficiency coefficient towards zero and one was obtained. The general result of the finite element numerical modeling showed that the average rate of subsidence during the year 2031 due to the successive compression of the upper layers of the aquifer, with a lower rate, about 13.19 cm and in the places where the thickness of the fine-grained layers increased, He finds that it will reach 18.38 cm. Also, the range of changes in the underground water level in the period of time, the type of land and the number of geological units are among the factors affecting the subsidence pattern and rate

Towards 2050 net zero carbon infrastructure:a critical review of key decarbonization challenges in the domestic heating sector in the UK

One of the most challenging sectors to meet “Net Zero emissions” target by 2050 in the UK is the domestic heating sector. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the main challenges of heating systems transition to low carbon technologies in which three distinct categories of challenges are discussed. The first challenge is of decarbonizing heat at the supply side, considering specifically the difficulties in integrating hydrogen as a low-carbon heating substitute to the dominant natural gas. The next challenge is of decarbonizing heat at the demand side, and research into the difficulties of retrofitting the existing UK housing stock, of digitalizing heating energy systems, as well as ensuring both retrofits and digitalization do not disproportionately affect vulnerable groups in society. The need for demonstrating innovative solutions to these challenges leads to the final focus, which is the challenge of modeling and demonstrating future energy systems heating scenarios. This work concludes with recommendations for the energy research community and policy makers to tackle urgent challenges facing the decarbonization of the UK heating sector.</p

Cancer Risk Assessment due to Accidental Exposure inside Neutron Laboratories using BEIR VII Model

Introduction: Environmental and occupational human exposure from neutron source can lead to the serious biologic effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cancer incidence risk for various human organs at different neutron dose levels due to exposure from an Americium-241/Beryllium (Am-241/Be), a standard neutron source for calibration purposes. Material and Methods: We measured ambient dose equivalent H*(10) at different distances from Am-241/Be mixed neutron source by Berthold LB 6411 detector and determined cancer incidence risk for different organs of both male and female subjects at different neutron exposure levels by BEIR VII model. Results: Exposure age had a reverse impact on cancer incidence risk of different organs. We found that as H*(10) increases, cancer incidence risk increments as well. Colon (for men) and bladder (for women) had the highest sensitivity to neutron exposure, while prostate and uterus showed the lowest risk of cancer incidence among male and female subjects, respectively. Conclusion: Older exposed persons are at a lower risk of cancer incidence. The risk of cancer incidence for various organs is considerably associated with gender, such that radiation sensitivity of female organs was higher at all the measured neutron dose levels

Uncertainties in decarbonising heat in the UK

Heating is arguably one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonise in the UK's energy system. Meeting the 80% greenhouse gas emission reduction target by 2050 is likely to require that heat related emissions of CO2 from buildings are near zero by 2050, and there is a 70% reduction in emissions from industry (from 1990 levels). Though it is clear that the use of the natural gas network will reduce over time, recent modelling suggests a limited residual role for gas by 2050 to help meet peaks in heat demand. High levels of uncertainty about the way in which heat will be decarbonised present a number of challenges to policy makers. This paper will explore the risks and uncertainties associated with the transition to a low carbon heat system in the UK as outlined by the 4th carbon budget review. The potential impact of key uncertainties on the levelised costs of heat technologies and the development of energy networks are explored using a sensitivity analysis approach. Policy changes required to decarbonise the heat sector are also examined