Geochronological and thermometric evidence of unusually hot fluids in an Alpine fissure of Lauzière granite (Belledonne, Western Alps)

A multi-method investigation into Lauzière granite, located in the external Belledonne massif of the French Alps, reveals unusually hot hydrothermal conditions in vertical open fractures (Alpine-type clefts). The host-rock granite shows sub-vertical mylonitic microstructures and partial retrogression at temperatures of &lt;&thinsp;400&thinsp;∘C during Alpine tectonometamorphism. Novel zircon fission-track (ZFT) data in the granite give ages at 16.3&thinsp;±&thinsp;1.9 and 14.3&thinsp;±&thinsp;1.6&thinsp;Ma, confirming that Alpine metamorphism was high enough to reset the pre-Alpine cooling ages and that the Lauzière granite had already cooled below 240–280&thinsp;∘C and was exhumed to &lt;&thinsp;10&thinsp;km at that time. Novel microthermometric data and chemical compositions of fluid inclusions obtained on millimetric monazite and on quartz crystals from the same cleft indicate early precipitation of monazite from a hot fluid at T&thinsp;&gt;&thinsp;410&thinsp;∘C, followed by a main stage of quartz growth at 300–320&thinsp;∘C and 1.5–2.2&thinsp;kbar. Previous Th-Pb dating of cleft monazite at 12.4&thinsp;±&thinsp;0.1&thinsp;Ma clearly indicates that this hot fluid infiltration took place significantly later than the peak of the Alpine metamorphism. Advective heating due to the hot fluid flow caused resetting of fission tracks in zircon in the cleft hanging wall, with a ZFT age at 10.3&thinsp;±&thinsp;1.0&thinsp;Ma. The results attest to the highly dynamic fluid pathways, allowing the circulation of deep mid-crustal fluids, 150–250&thinsp;∘C hotter than the host rock, which affect the thermal regime only at the wall rock of the Alpine-type cleft. Such advective heating may impact the ZFT data and represent a pitfall for exhumation rate reconstructions in areas affected by hydrothermal fluid flow.</p

Shocked monazite chronometry: integrating microstructural and in situ isotopic age data for determining precise impact ages

Monazite is a robust geochronometer and occurs in a wide range of rock types. Monazite also records shock deformation from meteorite impact but the effects of impact-related microstructures on the U–Th–Pb systematics remain poorly constrained. We have, therefore, analyzed shock-deformed monazite grains from the central uplift of the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa, and impact melt from the Araguainha impact structure, Brazil, using electron backscatter diffraction, electron microprobe elemental mapping, and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Crystallographic orientation mapping of monazite grains from both impact structures reveals a similar combination of crystal-plastic deformation features, including shock twins, planar deformation bands and neoblasts. Shock twins were documented in up to four different orientations within individual monazite grains, occurring as compound and/or type one twins in (001), (100), (10 1 ¯) , {110}, { 212 } , and type two (irrational) twin planes with rational shear directions in [ 0 1 ¯ 1 ¯ ] and [ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0 ]. SIMS U–Th–Pb analyses of the plastically deformed parent domains reveal discordant age arrays, where discordance scales with increasing plastic strain. The correlation between discordance and strain is likely a result of the formation of fast diffusion pathways during the shock event. Neoblasts in granular monazite domains are strain-free, having grown during the impact events via consumption of strained parent grains. Neoblastic monazite from the Inlandsee leucogranofels at Vredefort records a 207Pb/206Pb age of 2010 ± 15 Ma (2σ, n = 9), consistent with previous impact age estimates of 2020 Ma. Neoblastic monazite from Araguainha impact melt yield a Concordia age of 259 ± 5 Ma (2σ, n = 7), which is consistent with previous impact age estimates of 255 ± 3 Ma. Our results demonstrate that targeting discrete microstructural domains in shocked monazite, as identified through orientation mapping, for in situ U–Th–Pb analysis can date impact-related deformation. Monazite is, therefore, one of the few high-temperature geochronometers that can be used for accurate and precise dating of meteorite impacts

Zircon ages in granulite facies rocks: decoupling from geochemistry above 850 °C?

Granulite facies rocks frequently show a large spread in their zircon ages, the interpretation of which raises questions: Has the isotopic system been disturbed? By what process(es) and conditions did the alteration occur? Can the dates be regarded as real ages, reflecting several growth episodes? Furthermore, under some circumstances of (ultra-)high-temperature metamorphism, decoupling of zircon U–Pb dates from their trace element geochemistry has been reported. Understanding these processes is crucial to help interpret such dates in the context of the P–T history. Our study presents evidence for decoupling in zircon from the highest grade metapelites (> 850 °C) taken along a continuous high-temperature metamorphic field gradient in the Ivrea Zone (NW Italy). These rocks represent a well-characterised segment of Permian lower continental crust with a protracted high-temperature history. Cathodoluminescence images reveal that zircons in the mid-amphibolite facies preserve mainly detrital cores with narrow overgrowths. In the upper amphibolite and granulite facies, preserved detrital cores decrease and metamorphic zircon increases in quantity. Across all samples we document a sequence of four rim generations based on textures. U–Pb dates, Th/U ratios and Ti-in-zircon concentrations show an essentially continuous evolution with increasing metamorphic grade, except in the samples from the granulite facies, which display significant scatter in age and chemistry. We associate the observed decoupling of zircon systematics in high-grade non-metamict zircon with disturbance processes related to differences in behaviour of non-formula elements (i.e. Pb, Th, U, Ti) at high-temperature conditions, notably differences in compatibility within the crystal structure

Partial resetting of the U-Th-Pb systems in experimentally altered monazite: Nanoscale evidence of incomplete replacement

International audienc

On the importance of the microstructure for understanding U-Pb ages of dating minerals.

International audienc

Near infra red femtosecond laser ablation : the influence of energy and pulse width on the LA-ICP-MS analysis of monazite

We studied the influence of pulse energy (E-0) and pulse width (tau) of Near Infra Red femtosecond Laser Ablation coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A particular emphasis was put on the Pb-206/U-238 and Pb-208/Th-232 repeatability from Moacyr monazite (Itambe, Brazil). Synthetic glass (Standard Reference Material) NIST610 was used as a reference material, as well as a monazite from Manangotry (Madagascar). Pulse energy was investigated in the range E-0 = 0.03 to 0.8 mJ/pulse (tau = 60 fs) while pulse width has been studied from tau = 60 fs to 300 fs (E-0 = 0.1 mJ/pulse). Data suggest that pulse width has no detectable influence on the accuracy and repeatability of measured elemental ratios in the range of 60-300 fs. Observed measurements repeatabilities are 2.5%RSD and 1.8%RSD for Pb-206/U-238 and Pb-208/Th-232, respectively. At 60 fs, the 0.03-0.8 mJ/pulse energy range studied does not induce any detectable change in data accuracy and repeatability. Uncertainties of 1.1-2.8% RSD were obtained for Pb-206/U-238. In the range of E-0 0.1-0.8 mJ/pulse, matrix matched calibration using Manangotry monazite gives a similar good repeatability of 2.4% RSD for Pb-206/U-238. No clear matrix effect could be highlighted

Interpretation of U-Th-Pb in-situ ages of hydrothermal monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y): evidence from a large-scale regional study in clefts from the western alps

International audienceIn eleven Alpine clefts of the western Alps, in-situ dating of monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) has been attempted to gain insights on possible disturbances of the geochronological U-Th-Pb systems and age interpretations in hydrothermal conditions. In most clefts, monazite-(Ce) in-situ 208Pb/232Th dating using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) yields well-resolved ages (with errors typically 100). Xenotime-(Y) has remarkably high Th/U ratios and U-Pb dating is also disturbed by 206Pb excess, whereas 208Pb/232Th dating gave well-resolved ages (34.9 ± 0.5 Ma), close to but higher than the monazite-(Ce) age obtained in the same cleft (32.3 ± 0.3 Ma). Correlation of the monazite-(Ce) U-Th-Pb age dataset with other geochronological data suggests for monazite-(Ce) precipitation at periods of high tectonic activity. In the external massifs, monazite-(Ce) dating confirms a polyphased transpressive regime with activity periods around 13–11 Ma and 8–6 Ma. Older monazite-(Ce) ages in the Argentera massif (20.6 ± 0.3 Ma) are consistent with the regional diachronism in the western external Alps. In the 2 clefts of the internal massifs, monazite-(Ce) dating provides first ages of hydrothermal activity: the monazite-(Ce) age at 32.3 ± 0.3 Ma coincides with the exhumation along the Penninic front, but the monazite-(Ce) age at 23.3 ± 0.2 Ma is complex to attribute to a specific deformation stage

In situ characterization of infrared femtosecond laser ablation in geological samples. Part A : the laser induced damage

Infrared femtosecond laser induced damage has been studied in order to determine, with analytical protocols, the processes involved in laser ablation in this regime. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) coupled with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milled cross-sections of natural ablated monazite were used. Craters were formed using N = 1 and 3 shots, E(0) = 0.1 and 0.8 mJ per pulse and tau = 60 fs. Observations revealed that laser settings induce little changes in the nature and size of damaged structures. The crater bottom forms a similar to 0.5 mm layer composed of melted and recrystallized monazite grains, and spherical similar to 10 nm voids. The underlying sample shows lattice distortions, progressively attenuated with depth, typical of mechanical shocks (thermoelastic relaxation and plasma recoil pressure). No chemical difference appears between these two domains, excluding preferential vaporization and thus laser induced chemical fractionation. Correlations with existing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate that the deep distorted lattice probably undergoes spallation whereas the upper layer rather goes through homogeneous nucleation. Nevertheless, these processes are not pushed forward enough to induce matter removal in the present conditions. In consequence, photomechanical fragmentation and vaporization, requiring higher energy density states, would rather be the main ablation mechanisms. This hypothesis was supported by an additional study focused on the laser produced aerosols. Further links to LA-ICP-MS measurements can then be developed