Tularemia-related skin lesions

Tularemi zoonotik bir hastalık olup, sporadik vakalara veya salgınlara neden olabilir. Ülkemiz de hastalığın görüldüğü ülkelerdendir. En sık prezentasyonu boyunda lenfadenopatidir. Ancak hastalık deri bulguları dahil çeşitli klinik sunumlara neden olabilir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, tulareminin deri tutulumlarının literatür eşliğinde incelenmesi amaçlandı.Tularemia is a zoonotic disease and may cause sporadic cases or epidemics. Our country is one of the countries where the disease is seen. The most common presentation is lymphadenopathy in the neck. However, the disease can cause a variety of clinical presentations, including skin manifestations. In this review study, it was aimed to examine the skin involvement of tularemia in the light of the literature

TOXOPLASMOSIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA PUBLICATION ACTIVITY IN 1991-2023: A WEB OF SCIENCE-BASED BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Schizophrenia is a complicated mental condition marked by signs of psychosis, often leading to social and occupational decline. Schizophrenia has a complex etiology that is a result of the interplay between environmental factors (such as infectious illnesses) and a person's genetic disposition. Recent epidemiological research indicates that Toxoplasma gondii may cause schizophrenia. T. gondii-related studies in schizophrenia were the focus of this bibliometric analysis study. The Web of Science’s electronic database was used to find T. gondii-related studies in schizophrenia. Co-authorship analyses of countries and keyword co-occurrence analyses were carried out using the VOSviewer software. In this bibliometric study, the research topic of T. gondii-related publications in schizophrenia during the last 33 years has been laid out, with the nations, organizations, authors, journals, main keywords, citations, and the top documents contributing to the basic knowledge structure. The significant increase in yearly publications implies that this research area has acquired importance on a global scale, with the United States having the most articles. The main organizations and researchers working on T. gondii studies on schizophrenia have been identified by this study.  The outcomes give a thorough overview of this study field's terrain

A case of Fournier’s gangrene caused by Rothia dentocariosa

We report a case of Fournier's gangrene rescued by debridement. A 40-year-old male patient had a 2x2 cm draining ulcer and 1x2 cm necrotic area in the scrotum for about a month. The patient was diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene. Septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation were absent. Computed tomography scan showed soft tissue gas in the scrotum but no gas in the retroperitoneal space or abdominal wall. Debridement was performed. Gangrene of the scrotum and necrosis of the testicle was also seen. Rothia dentocariosa was isolated in extracted wound cultures. He was saved after debridement and administration of strong antibiotics. This is the first case of Fournier's gangrene caused by R. dentocariosa in the available literature

A Bibliometric Analysis on Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Background: Dicrocoelium dendriticum, a worldwide zoonotic trematode, is a common parasite of ruminant animals, but humans can be the definitive host by chance. We analyzed the world situation of the parasite from the perspective of the One Health concept by analyzing the research literature published from 1931 to 2022. Methods: Published documents related to D. dendriticum were searched from the Scopus database. Focusing on a visual analysis of the main research documents on D. dendriticum, Dimensions free web app was used to conduct co-occurrence analysis with keywords, countries, institutions, and authors. Moreover, key clustering research, affiliaitons, journals, countries, and authors were determined. Results: The Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) was the most publishing affiliation on D. dendriticum with 19 articles. While the Veterinary Parasitology Journal was the mostly publishing journal on D. dendriticum with 38 articles, the most productive country was Iran. The authors Giuseppe Cringoli and Laura Rinaldi from Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy were the mostly publishing authors. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provides an overall description of the current state of D. dendriticum research and the initial exploration of future research directions. Our analysis provides guidance for the development of research on D. dendriticum

Bibliometric analysis of global rabies research between 1992 -2022

Rabies is a deadly viral infection for which there is still no definitive cure. Many researchers are making publication on this subject. The current study used bibliometric techniques to examine the rabies literature and highlighted current rabies research trends as well as prospective future hotspots for rabies research. In this bibliometric study, all data were retrieved from the Web of Science Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) database on January 1, 2023, using the selected terms ("rabies virus" [MeSH Terms] OR "rabies virus" [Text Word] OR "rabies" [MeSH Terms] OR "rabies" [Text Word]) in the title field of the search engine. The search was further narrowed by the document type (article), language (English), and year of publication (1992–2022). According to the used search strategy, we reached a total of 5973 articles. The average number of citations per document was 21.3. Over 300 articles per year were published in the years 2020, 2021, 2019, 2018, and 2017. The rabies literature was written by authors from 158 different countries. The main countries with the highest number of articles on rabies were the USA, China, and France. Germany, India, Brazil, England, Japan, and Canada Research collaboration and cooperation between institutions and researchers in developing countries need to be supported by developed countries. The analysis provides information on the overall situation of rabies research worldwide. The analysis also provides a better understanding of the trends in rabies development over the past 30 years, which can serve as a scientific benchmark for subsequent studies

Global Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Research Trends: A Network and Bibliometric Analysis

MAP is the causative agent of paratuberculosis and has also been implicated in the etiology of Crohn's Disease in humans. Therefore, the importance of studies on this subject increases as MAP causes many economic losses by causing disease in cattle and is important for public health. The aim of this paper was to map the global scientific landscape related to MAP research. The WOS database was queried for publications bearing the title "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis" during January 2001-December 2021 employing the R bibliometrix program. A total of 1775 articles were reviewed in this bibliometric analysis. Notably, the majority of these articles originated from the USA (n = 536, 30.541%). The year 2013 emerged as the most productive year for publications. In terms of research fields, veterinary science (n = 730, 41.6%) was the leading research area. These studies were conducted by a diverse array of researchers, including veterinarians, physicians, and other experts working to define MAP. The sustained increase in the number of publications on paratuberculosis underscores the ongoing global interest in this factor. The determination of effective control strategies for paratuberculosis is important for the food sector and public health. Therefore, a research collaboration between countries should be established in this regard

Bibliometric analysis of amebiasis research

Aim: Amebiasis is a disease caused by protozoon Entamoeba histolytica, that results in amoebic dysentery. While intestinal parasites are the third leading cause of death, especially in developing countries, it has been of global concern. Bibliometric methods have been used in the parasitology discipline for more than 30 years, however there is not any bibliometric study on amebiasis in the literature. Our aim was to analyse the published literature on amebiasis by bibliometric methods. Material and methods: A systematic evaluation of the literature using the Scopus database was made from inception to 2021. The search terms ‘amebiasis’, ‘Entamoeba’, ‘Entamoeba histolytica’, and ‘amoebic dysentery’ were used. The authors, publication year, title, publishing country/journal/institution, title, keywords, and citation numbers were acquired for each article. Descriptive data analysis was conducted via Microsoft Excel 2010 and Scopus database’s graphics were used. Results: Among 7,140 articles, 18.9 % of them were published open access, and 72.75 % of them were in the English language. Most of the articles were from the area of medicine. The USA, Mexico, and India were the top leading countries. The number of publications did not fall below 50 per year since 1950. There was an increasing number of citations on amebiasis research recently. Conclusion: Amebiasis is a global concern as one of the leading infectious causes of mortality in developing countries. Bibliometric analysis has shown the growing attraction to the amebiasis research, so it will continue to be global public health issue. Key words: amebiasis, bibliometric analysis, Entamoeba histolytica, bibliometric

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor (NRF2), Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and Total Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Patients with COVID-19

Introduction: Studies on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in COVID-19 patients are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some biomarkers of oxidant-antioxidant status with COVID-19 disease. Material and methods: The patients older than 18 years of age who tested positive for SARS CoV-2 PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with clinical symptoms and signs were included in this study. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total antioxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and HO-1 and Nrf2 levels were analyzed from serum samples taken before and after treatment. Results: In this study, 16 patients followed up with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. 9 (56.3%) of the patients were female and 7 (43.8%) were male. The mean age was 33.75 ± 17.03 years. All patients were symptomatic and were hospitalized to be followed up. It was determined that Nrf2 and HO-1 values increased significantly after treatment. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Nrf2 and TAS values and TAS increases significantly in parallel to an increase in Nrf2, and there was a significant but negative correlation between Nrf2 and TOS and OSI values, and thus an increase in Nrf2 led to a decrease in TOS and OSI values. There was a significant positive correlation between HO-1 and TAS, and TAS increased significantly, as HO-1 increased. Conclusions: The decrease in TOS and OSI and the increase in Nrf2 and HO-1 during the follow-up period in COVID-19 patients suggest that the body tries to prevent ROS-related oxidative stress via Nrf2 and HO-1 and that oxidative stress may have a key role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19

Role of pyroptosis in COVID-19

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between gasdermin-D, caspase-1, IL-1β and NLRP3, biomarkers that play an important role in COVID-19, and pyroptosis. Material and Methods: This study was carried out with 58 participants, 28 (48.28%) of whom were diagnosis with COVID-19, and 30 (51.72%) of whom were healthy volunteers (control group). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the gasdermin-D, caspase-1, IL-1β, and NLRP3 levels as a result of all statistical comparisons performed. However, IL-1β values both during the discharge period and during the hospitalization period were considerably higher than those of the control group. At the discharge period, IL-1β values of the patients with severe COVID-19 category had higher than moderate patients, and the patients with moderate than the patients with mild patients. Conclusion: It was observed that IL-1β, which is one of the cytokines released as a result of cell death in the pyroptosis mechanism, was higher in the COVID-19 patients in both the hospitalization and discharge periods compared to the control group. Although not statistically significant these results could support the relationship between pyroptosis and COVID-19

Analysis of risk factors in blood stream infections caused by enterococci

Tıpta Uzmanlık TeziBu retrospektif vaka-kontrol çalışmasının amacı, enterokok bakteriyemilerinin epidemiyolojisini, enterokok bakteriyemisi gelişiminde rol alan risk faktörlerini ve mortalite ile ilişkili risk faktörlerini değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmamızda 95 enterokok bakteriyemisi saptandı ve sıklığı 3.3/1000 taburcu olan hasta şeklinde idi. En sık izole edilen türler E. faecalis (%48.4) ve E. faecium (%47.4) idi. Bakteriyemilerin % 88.4 'ü hastane kökenli idi. En sık primer enfeksiyon kaynağı santral venöz kateter (%32.7) ve üriner sistem enfeksiyonu (%14.7) idi. Altı hastada bakteriyemiye eşlik eden enfektif endokardit, iki hastada menenjit saptandı. Otuz dokuz hastada (%41) polimikrobiyal bakteriyemi saptandı. Enterokoklarla birlikte en sık üreyen bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii (%17) idi. Enterokok bakteriyemisi gelişimindeki risk faktörlerini; immünsüpresyon, kronik karaciğer parankim hastalığı, kardiyovasküler ve gastrointestinal sistem hastalıkları, kronik böbrek yetmezliği, hemodiyaliz tedavisi, açık yara, foley sonda, abdominal cerrahi dışındaki cerrahi girişim, antiasid kullanımı, hastanede yatış süresinin 15 günden fazla olması, bakteriyemi öncesi antibiyotik (sefalosporinler, aminoglikozidler, karbapenemler ve metranidazol) kullanımı ve uygun olmayan empirik antibiyotik tedavisi olarak saptadık. Otuzuncu gündeki mortalite oranları, enterokok bakteriyemisi olan hastalarda %47.4, bakteriyemisi olmayanlarda ise %31.1 idi. Mortalite ile ilişkili risk faktörlerini; Charlson indeksinin yüksek olması, yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatma, hastanede 15 günden fazla kalma, santral venöz katater varlığı ve uygunsuz empirik antibiyotik tedavisi alma olarak saptadık. Lojistik regresyon analizinde; Charlson indeksinin yüksek olması, yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatma ve E. faecium üremesini mortaliteyle ilişkili bağımsız risk faktörü olarak saptadık. Enterokok bakteriyemileri riski altta yatan ciddi hastalıkları olan ve hastanede uzun süreli yatan hastalarda artmıştır. Uygunsuz empirik antibiyotik tedavileri hem enterokok bakteriyemisi sıklığını hem de mortaliteyi arttımaktadır.Abstractverall incidence was 3.3 per 1000 hospital admissions during the study period. The most frequently isolated species were Enterococcus faecalis (48.4%) and Enterococcus faecium (47.4%). 88.4% of these infections were hospital acquired. The most common primary site of infection was central venous catheter (32.7%) and urinary tract infection (14.7%). Six cases of infective endocarditis and two cases of meningitis and due to enterococci were identified. Polymicrobial bacteremia occurred in 41% of the patients and the most common co-isolate was Acinetobacter baumanni (17%). Statistical analysis revealed that presence of immunosuppressive therapy, gastrointestinal tract disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic liver parenchymal disease, chronic renal failure, indwelling urinary catheter, previous hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization (>15 days), ineffective empirical antimicrobial therapy and exposure to antimicrobial therapy in the preceding 30 days (mainly cephalosporins, carbapenems, metranidazol, aminoglycosides) were the risk factors significantly associated with enteroccoccal bacteremia. 73 The 30-day mortality rate was 47.4% in enteroccoccal bacteremia as compared with 31.1% in controls. Statistical analysis revealed that presence of high Charlson index, intensive-care unit admission, prolonged hospitalization (>15 days), central venous catheter use, ineffective empirical antimicrobial therapy were the risk factors significantly associated with mortality. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, three factors were independently associated with mortality: high Charlson index, intensive-care unit admission (p:0.016) and isolation of E. faecium from blood cultures. The risk of developing enterococcal bacteremia is significantly higher in severely diseased patients with prolonged hospitalization. Prevalent ineffective empirical antimicrobial therapies contribute both to the occurence of nosocomial enterococcal infections and high mortality