Adequabilidade da orientação sobre métodos de anticoncepção por enfermeiros no pós – abortamento / Adequability of guidance on post-abortion nursing cantraception methods

RESUMOIntrodução: O aborto é uma prática que, no Brasil, ocorre com acompanhamento da equipe no Sistema Único de Saúde às mulheres cujas gestações se enquadram nos três casos previstos em lei: risco de morte, violência sexual e anencefalia. Tal restrição não coíbe práticas clandestinas e inseguras, mantendo a mortalidade materna em índices elevados, considerando o abortamento como um importante problema de saúde pública. O enfermeiro, ao acolher a mulher, deve atentar-se para as especificidades do atendimento, prestando o cuidado de forma integral, orientando-a para o Planejamento Reprodutivo para gravidezes planejadas e redução de episódios de aborto provocado. Objetivo: Avaliar a adequabilidade das orientações sobre anticoncepção oferecida por enfermeiros para mulheres em situação de pós-abortamento. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo – exploratório realizado em maternidade pública, localizada em Palmas, Tocantins. A amostra foi constituída por 15 enfermeiros que atuam no referido hospital, sendo realizada a coleta dos dados no período de Dezembro de 2016 a Fevereiro de 2017 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, seguindo formulário pré-estabelecido. Para avaliar a adequabilidade na assistência do enfermeiro, utilizou-se uma escala tipo likert  que conta com cinco itens para avaliação da adequabilidade da assistência: 1. Não Adequada; 2. Levemente Adequada; 3. Moderadamente Adequada; 4. Substancialmente Adequada e 5. Completamente Adequada. Para cada grupo de método anticoncepcional citado pelo enfermeiro, ele receberia pontuação e esta pontuação definiria o nível na escala. Os aspectos éticos em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos foram respeitados. Resultados: Dos 15 enfermeiros, 14 (93%) eram do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 37,5±8,4 anos. O tempo de atuação na assistência pós-abortamento foi de 3,5±2,8 anos. Os métodos de barreira e cirúrgicos foram os mais orientados, com 13 (86%) e 12 (80%) respectivamente.  Quanto ao nível de adequabilidade de orientação sobre métodos disponíveis, 2 (13,3%) foram classificados como não adequada, 5 (33,3%) mostraram-se com uma orientação levemente adequada, 4 (26,6%) classificados com moderadamente adequada, 3 (20%) orientaram de forma substancial e 1 (6,6%) obteve uma orientação completamente adequada, ou seja, afirmou orientar todos os setes grupos de métodos anticoncepcionais disponíveis. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que a assistência oferecida no Planejamento Reprodutivo com enfoque na anticoncepção para mulheres em situação de pós-abortamento apresenta fragilidades e precisa melhorar para assim garantir às mulheres seus direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Destaca-se a importância de receber informações sobre todos os métodos de anticoncepção disponíveis, bem como a eficácia, modo de uso, efeitos colaterais e complicações. Implicações para Prática: A equipe precisa incorporar a atenção em anticoncepção como uma ferramenta importante do cuidar das mulheres. Que estratégias de educação permanente possam apoiar esses profissionais a sentirem-se seguros para esta atuação.

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications