Wireworms and their Control

Wireworms (Elateridae) may be recognized because of their resemblance to a short piece of shiny copper or bronze wire. In color, most wireworms vary from light yellow to a light; or even dark brown. The body is long and worm-like, cylindrical or flattened, and covered by a comparatively hard skin. Three pairs of short legs are present on that part of the body immediately back of the head. Most of the native wireworms when fullgrown, measure from ½ to 1 ¼ of an inch in length. An occasional species measures more than 1 ½ inches. Wireworms are classed as destructive because they feed on living plants. Usually the portions of the plants that are attacked are in the soil, such as planted seed, germinating seed, roots, crowns, tubers, bulbs, corms, stems, etc., but sometimes the wireworms may work their way up inside the stems of plants a short distance above the surface of the ground. Unsprouted seed, germinating seed, and young plants suffer more damage than do older plants. In completing their life cycle, wireworms (Elateridae) pass through four radically different stages, namely, egg, larva or wireworm, pupa, and beetle. The beetles are the adult insects, commonly known as elater-beetles, click beetles, snapping beetles, or skip-jacks, from their habit of making a clicking noise when they throw themselves in the air after falling, or being placed on their backs. The duration of the life cycle of the various species is by no means identical. Some species complete their entire life cycle in one year, while others require as much as five years. The eggs of most of the wireworms are laid in the spring by beetles that hibernated over the winter, but there are some that lay their eggs in the fall of the year. In the latter case, the eggs hatch later in the fall, and the young wireworms hibernate. Pupation takes place usually late in the summer or early fall, and the pupal stage extends over a period of three or four weeks. Nearly 7000 species of Elateridae have been recorded in the world, and of these, about 700 are found in America, north of Mexico. Sixty species and varieties have been found in South Dakota

Destroy Grasshopper Eggs

Grasshopper infestations of more or less serious proportions have been experienced in South Dakota during the past 10 years. Each fall many questions have been asked the writers concerning the deposit of eggs that was made by the grasshoppers during the growing season just closed and information was sought concerning measures which, if followed, might be effective in destroying the hopper eggs. There are about 112 different species and varieties of grasshoppers in South Dakota. Ordinarily, only four of this number affect our cultivated crops to a damaging extent. These four species are the two-striped, the differential, the red-legged, and the lesser migratory grasshoppers. The two-striped and the differential grasshoppers are robust of body and usually measure between one and one and three-fourths inches in length. The red-legged and the lesser migratory grasshoppers, on the other hand, are smaller, usually measuring less than an inch. These hoppers all live over winter in the egg stage. The eggs are deposited in masses called egg pods. (See more in text.

Nonequilibrium functional RG with frequency dependent vertex function: A study of the single impurity Anderson model

We investigate nonequilibrium properties of the single impurity Anderson model by means of the functional renormalization group (fRG) within Keldysh formalism. We present how the level broadening Gamma/2 can be used as flow parameter for the fRG. This choice preserves important aspects of the Fermi liquid behaviour that the model exhibits in case of particle-hole symmetry. An approximation scheme for the Keldysh fRG is developed which accounts for the frequency dependence of the two-particle vertex in a way similar but not equivalent to a recently published approximation to the equilibrium Matsubara fRG. Our method turns out to be a flexible tool for the study of weak to intermediate on-site interactions U <= 3 Gamma. In equilibrium we find excellent agreement with NRG results for the linear conductance at finite gate voltage, magnetic field, and temperature. In nonequilibrium, our results for the current agree well with TD-DMRG. For the nonlinear conductance as function of the bias voltage, we propose reliable results at finite magnetic field and finite temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the exponentially small scale of the Kondo temperature to appear in the second order derivative of the self-energy. We show that the approximation is, however, not able to reproduce the scaling of the effective mass at large interactions.Comment: [v2] - minor changes throughout the text; added new Fig. 3; corrected pert.-theory data in Figs. 10, 11; published versio

Band-theoretical prediction of magnetic anisotropy in uranium monochalcogenides

Magnetic anisotropy of uranium monochalcogenides, US, USe and UTe, is studied by means of fully-relativistic spin-polarized band structure calculations within the local spin-density approximation. It is found that the size of the magnetic anisotropy is fairly large (about 10 meV/unit formula), which is comparable with experiment. This strong anisotropy is discussed in view of a pseudo-gap formation, of which crucial ingredients are the exchange splitting of U 5f states and their hybridization with chalcogen p states (f-p hybridization). An anomalous trend in the anisotropy is found in the series (US>>USe<UTe) and interpreted in terms of competition between localization of the U 5f states and the f-p hybridization. It is the spin-orbit interaction on the chalcogen p states that plays an essential role in enlarging the strength of the f-p hybridization in UTe, leading to an anomalous systematic trend in the magnetic anisotropy.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Broadside radar echoes from ionized trails

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77210/1/AIAA-2347-553.pd

Heterometallic Bromo-bridged Complexes with a Re(CO)3 Fragment

Heterobimetallic complexes where half-sandwich complexes of ruthenium(II), rhodium(III) and iridium(III) are connected by three bromo-bridges to Re(CO)3 have been prepd. from metathesis reactions of [RuBr(m-Br)(h6-arene)]2 (arene = C6H6, C6H3Et3-1,3,5 or p-cymene) or [MBr(m-Br)Cp*]2 (M = Rh or Ir) with [Re(m-Br)(CO)3(C4H8O)]2. The crystal structures of [(h6-arene)Ru(m-Br)3Re(CO)3] (arene = C6H6 or C6H3Et3-1,3,5) and [Cp*M(m-Br)3Re(CO)3] (M = Rh or Ir) have been detd. by X-ray anal. In soln. all complexes were in dynamic equil. with isomeric ionic compds. of general formula [M2(m-Br)3(p-ligand)2][Re2(m-Br)3(CO)6] (M = Ru, Rh or Ir). The solid state structures of [Ru2(m-Br)3(h6-C6H3Et3-1,3,5)2][Re2(m-Br)3(CO)6] and [Ru2(m-Br)3(h6-p-MeC6H4Pri)][Re2(m-Br)3(CO)6] are described