TP53INP1 (tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1)

Review on TP53INP1 (tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated

MicroRNAs targeting oncogenes are down-regulated in pancreatic malignant transformation from benign tumors

BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been described in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but these have not been compared with pre-malignant pancreatic tumors. We wished to compare the miRNA expression signatures in pancreatic benign cystic tumors (BCT) of low and high malignant potential with PDAC, in order to identify miRNAs deregulated during PDAC development. The mechanistic consequences of miRNA dysregulation were further evaluated. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained at a tertiary pancreatic unit from individuals with BCT and PDAC. MiRNA profiling was performed using a custom microarray and results were validated using RT-qPCR prior to evaluation of miRNA targets. RESULTS Widespread miRNA down-regulation was observed in PDAC compared to low malignant potential BCT. We show that amongst those miRNAs down-regulated, miR-16, miR-126 and let-7d regulate known PDAC oncogenes (targeting BCL2, CRK and KRAS respectively). Notably, miR-126 also directly targets the KRAS transcript at a "seedless" binding site within its 3'UTR. In clinical specimens, miR-126 was strongly down-regulated in PDAC tissues, with an associated elevation in KRAS and CRK proteins. Furthermore, miR-21, a known oncogenic miRNA in pancreatic and other cancers, was not elevated in PDAC compared to serous microcystic adenoma (SMCA), but in both groups it was up-regulated compared to normal pancreas, implicating early up-regulation during malignant change. CONCLUSIONS Expression profiling revealed 21 miRNAs down-regulated in PDAC compared to SMCA, the most benign lesion that rarely progresses to invasive carcinoma. It appears that miR-21 up-regulation is an early event in the transformation from normal pancreatic tissue. MiRNA expression has the potential to distinguish PDAC from normal pancreas and BCT. Mechanistically the down-regulation of miR-16, miR-126 and let-7d promotes PDAC transformation by post-transcriptional up-regulation of crucial PDAC oncogenes. We show that miR-126 is able to directly target KRAS; re-expression has the potential as a therapeutic strategy against PDAC and other KRAS-driven cancers

Awareness of cognitive decline trajectories in asymptomatic individuals at risk for AD

Background: Lack of awareness of cognitive decline (ACD) is common in late-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies showed that ACD can also be reduced in the early stages. Methods: We described different trends of evolution of ACD over 3 years in a cohort of memory-complainers and their association to amyloid burden and brain metabolism. We studied the impact of ACD at baseline on cognitive scores’ evolution and the association between longitudinal changes in ACD and in cognitive score. Results: 76.8% of subjects constantly had an accurate ACD (reference class). 18.95% showed a steadily heightened ACD and were comparable to those with accurate ACD in terms of demographic characteristics and AD biomarkers. 4.25% constantly showed low ACD, had significantly higher amyloid burden than the reference class, and were mostly men. We found no overall effect of baseline ACD on cognitive scores’ evolution and no association between longitudinal changes in ACD and in cognitive scores. Conclusions: ACD begins to decrease during the preclinical phase in a group of individuals, who are of great interest and need to be further characterized. Trial registration: The present study was conducted as part of the INSIGHT-PreAD study. The identification number of INSIGHT-PreAD study (ID-RCB) is 2012-A01731-42

Low Cognitive Awareness, but Not Complaint, is a Good Marker of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may result from many conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Feasibility and efficiency of sutureless end enterostomy by means of a 3D-printed device in a porcine model

Objective. The aim of this study is to present a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed device to simply perform abdominal enterostomy and colostomy. Summary Background Data. Enterostomy and colostomy are frequently performed during abdominal surgery. 3D-printed devices may permit the creation of enterostomy easily. Methods. The device was designed by means of a CAD (computer-aided design) software, Rhinoceros 6 by MC Neel, and manufactured using 3D printers, Factory 2.0 by Omni 3D and Raise 3D N2 Dual Plus by Raise 3D. Colostomy was scheduled on a human cadaver and on 6 Pietrain pigs to test the device and the surgical technique. Results. The test on the cadaver showed that the application of the device was easy. Test on porcine models confirmed that the application of the device was also easy on the living model. The average duration of the surgical procedure was 32 minutes (25-40 minutes). For the female pigs, return to full oral diet and recovery of a normal bowel function was observed at postoperative day 2. The device fell by itself on average on the third day. Until day 10, when euthanasia was practiced, the stoma mucosa had a good coloration indicating a perfect viability of tissues. No complications were observed. Conclusions. This is the first study that describes the use of a 3D-printed device in abdominal surgery. End-type colostomy using a 3D-printed device can be safely and easily performed in an experimental porcine model, without postoperative complications. Further studies are needed to evaluate its utility in the clinical setting