Hybrid Water Pump

This project seeks to use multiple sources to power a water pump. We will design a system which will combine inputs from solar and wind energy production to ensure the pump will have enough power to run. This will create a system powered by clean energy and will be self-sustained once completed. This will theoretically create a more sustainable source of power for the pump than only one of the sources. Because the power sources don’t require outside inputs (aside from sun and wind), the pump can be placed in a remote area. This could be very helpful in developing communities, where residents may not have a reliable power supply. This system will allow these types of communities to pump water from wells to bring back to their homes. This will also reduce dependence on non-renewable sources of energy. The system will consist of a solar panel, wind turbine, control system to integrate the sources, and the water pump. The system will be made to require minimal user input to run. Inside the control system, two DC-DC buck converters are used to regulate input voltages. Two diodes are used to joint 2 input sources and prevent backflow of energy. This method is selected instead of MISO (Multiple Inputs Single Output) converter due to its simplicity. An Arduino Uno microcontroller powered by AtMega328p microprocessor is used for displaying power reading from the two sources and the load. The microcontroller also control the relay for protection purposes. An adjustable speed drive and motors combination is studied and used for simulating the wind turbine generation. Relays and circuit breakers are also studied for circuit protection in renewable power systems. This project showcase the possibility of having a hybrid renewable system for common electrical appliances as well as pointing out some difficulties in such system

O PIBID de li como ferramenta para a melhora da oralidade: relato de uma intervenção

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma sequência didática desenvolvida pelos alunos do Programa Institucional de bolsas à iniciação à docência de uma universidade estadual localizada no norte do Paraná no 9o ano de um colégio da rede básica de ensino, nível ensino médio. Com a finalidade de antecipar o vínculo entre futuros professores e a sala de aula da rede pública bem como tornar o ensino mais efetivo e prazeroso, desenvolvemos em nossa sequência a oralidade por meio do gênero música, uma vez que é um gênero presente no cotidiano do nosso público alvo. A partir do exposto e com base no referencial teórico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 2009) e da sequência didática a (DOLZ, NOVERRAZ, SCHNEWLY, 2004) contribuímos com a ampliação do vocabulário, aperfeiçoamento da pronúncia, além de outras aptidões específica

Figure 9

<p>Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins, including proapoptotic proteins, (caspase 3 and Bax), antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-X_L), and cell survival signal molecules (PI3-kinase p85, PI3 kinase p110 and Akt1) in ICH brains receiving transplantationof F3 and F3.VEGF human neural stem cells. A significantly decreased expression of caspase 3 and bax is found in ICH-F3.VEGF group at 2 and 8 weeks post-transplantation. In ICH animals receiving F3.VEGF grafts, the expression of antiapototic proteins and signal molecules Bcl-2, Bcl-X_L, PI3-K p85, PI3-K p110 and Akt1 is markedly increased.</p

Figure 2

<p>Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating production of VEGF in parental F3 human neural stem cell line (A, C) and F3.VEGF, the human neural stem cell line overexpressing VEGF (B, D). Results from the ELISA assay for human VEGF indicate that the levels of VEGF in spent media from F3.VEGF cell line are 5 times over those of F3 cell line (E). Levels of VEGF production in brain sections isolated from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mice grafted with F3 or F3.VEGF human neural stem cells (F). VEGF levels are significantly higher in the F3.VEGF-transplanted mice 2 weeks and 8 weeks post-transplantation as compared with ICH mice grafted with F3 cell line. *: P<0.001, **: P<0.05</p

Figure 4

<p>Behavioral improvement demonstrated in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) transplanted with F3 or F3.VEGF human neural stem cell lines. A: Rotarod test. F3.VEGF-transplanted group showed better performance than PBS controls or F3-transplanted group from 8 days on, and these benefits continued up to 8 weeks post-transplantation (P<0.001). B: In the modified limb placement test, F3.VEGF-transplanted group showed better performance than PBS or F3-transplanted group (P<0.001).</p

Figure 1

<p>A: The retroviral vector encoding VEGF (pLPCX.VEGF) used in the present study in the generation of HB1.F3, VEGF human neural stem cell line. B: Gene expression of cell type-specific markers as studied by RT-PCR in F3 and F3.VEGF human neural stem cell lines. Both F3 and F3.VEGF human neural stem cell lines express cell type specific markers NF-L, NF-M and NF-H, an astrocyte marker GFAP and VEGF, while they do not express MBP, a cell type marker of oligodendrocytes.</p

Figure 8

<p>At 8 weeks post-transplantation in the hemorrhage core border areas, the number of TUNEL (in situ end-labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation)-positive cells was highest in PBS-ICH control animals (A), while the number of TUNEL-positive cells is much lower in the ICH-F3 (B) or ICH-F3.VEGF groups (C). Bar indicates 100 µm.</p

Figure 3

<p>Double immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating β-gal+/VEGF+ F3 cells (A–C) and β-gal+/VEGF+ F3.VEGF cells (D–F) in the hemorrhage core borders 8 weeks post-transplantation. A markedly higher number of β-gal+/VEGF+ cells were found in the brain region grafted with F3.VEGF cells. Bar indicates 50 µm.</p

Figure 6

<p>Good survival of F3.VEGF human neural stem cells pre-labeled with adeno-LacZ (β-gal) was found in hemorrhage core or lesion border of experimental ICH mouse brain 8 weeks post-transplantation. A large number of LacZ+ F3.VEGF human neural stem cells were found to migrate to contralateral side of hemisphere via corpus callosum (A). Higher magnification of migrating F3.VEGF cells is also shown (B–D). LacZ+ F3.VEGF cells differentiate into neurons as shown by β-gal+/NF-L+ (E–G), β-gal+NF-H+ (H–J) and β-gal/MAP2 (K–M) and also into astrocytes as demonstrated by β-gal+/GFAP+ staining (N–P). Bar indicates 50 µm.</p

Promotion of angiogenesis by transplantation of F3.VEGF.

<p>(A–F) Representative images of spinal cord sections (6 weeks after injury) stained with blood vessel marker vWF from PBS (A, D), F3 (B, E), and F3.VEGF (C, F) groups. Figures in the lower panel (D, E, F) are high power images of the boxed regions in (A, B, C), respectively. Scale bars in the upper panel; 200 um. Scale bars in the lower panel; 50 um. (G) The fraction of areas occupied by vWF immunoreactive vessels was compared between the three groups at the epicenter (designated as E) and 1.8 mm rostral and caudal (designated as R and C, respectively). ** <i>p</i><0.01, *** <i>p</i><0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's <i>posthoc</i> analysis. White, hatched, and black bars represent PBS (N = 5), F3 (N = 5), and F3.VEGF (N = 5) groups, respectively.</p